DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF VITAMIN D

Abstract

Summary Vitamin D is a steroid hormone synthesized by sunlight and this happens in the skin. It undergoes various metabolic changes in different tissues in the body and turns into its active form. Although it shows its main effect on bone tissue due to calcium phosphorus metabolism, it has also been proven to have extra-bone effects. Starting from intrauterine life until the end of life; It is effective on growth-development, immune system, neuronal development. In this review prepared in the light of up-to-date information; It is aimed to underline the importance of using vitamin D especially from childhood by reviewing the positive and negative reactions of vitamin D with different systems. Özet D vitamini güneş ışığı ile sentezlenen steroid yapıda bir hormondur. Vücutta farklı dokularda çeşitli metabolik değişikliklere uğrayarak aktif formuna dönüşür. Temel etkisini kalsiyum fosfor metabolizması dolayısı ile kemik doku üzerinde göstermekle beraber kemik dışı etkileri olduğu da kanıtlanmıştır. İntrauterin yaşamdan başlayarak hayatın sonuna kadar; büyüme gelişme, immün sistem, nöronal gelişim üzerine etkilidir. Güncel bilgiler ışığında hazırlanan bu derlemede; D vitamininin farklı sistemler üzerindeki etkilerinin gözden geçirilerek özellikle çocukluk çağından itibaren D vitamin kullanımının önemini vurgulamak amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• deficiency
• non-skeletal effects
• Vitamin D

Project Number

yok

References

1. Artaza, J. N., Mehrotra, R., & Norris, K. C. (2009). Vitamin D and the cardiovascular system. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 4(9), 1515-1522. doi: 10.2215/cjn.02260409
2. Behzat, Ö. (2013). Vitamin D'ninKemikDokuDışıEtkileriInCinazPeyami& D. Feyza (Eds.), çocuk Endokrinolojisi (Vol. 18, pp. 583-592). İstanbul Nobel TıpKitapevi
3. Bouillon, R., Carmeliet, G., Verlinden, L., van Etten, E., Verstuyf, A., Luderer, H. F., Demay, M. (2008). Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocr Rev, 29(6), 726-776. doi: 10.1210/er.2008-0004
4. Canadian Pediatric Association, C. (2007). Vitamin D supplementation: Recommendations for Canadian mothers and infants. Paediatr Child Health, 12(7), 583-598.
5. Celep, G., &Durmaz, Z. (2021). Bir halksağlığısorunu: çocuksağlığıizleminde D vitamini. PamukkaleTıpDergisi, 14(1), 63-70.
6. Çakır, E. D. P., Petmezci, M. T., Kıhtır, H. S., Yeşilbaş, O., Akyol, B., &Şevketoğlu, E. (2021). Dilate KardiyomiyopatininTedaviEdilebilirNedeni, Raşitizm: İkiYıllıkDeneyim.
7. Gürz, A. A., İğde, F. A. A., &Dikici, M. F. (2015). D Vitamininin Fetal ve Maternal Etkileri. Konuralp Medical Journal/Konuralp Tip Dergisi, 7(1).
8. Hatun, Ş., Bereket, A., Çalıkoğlu, A. S., &Özkan, B. (2003). Günümüzde D vitaminiyetersizliğivenütrisyonelrikets. ÇocukSağlığıveHastalıklarıDergisi, 46(3), 224-241.

9. Hochberg, Z. (2003). Rickets-past and present. Introduction. Endocr Dev, 6, 1-13. doi: 10.1159/000072763
10. Holick, M. F. (2004). Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr, 80(6 Suppl), 1678s-1688s. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1678S
11. Holick, M. F. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med, 357(3), 266-281. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra070553
12. Holick, M. F. (2010). Vitamin D: extraskeletal health. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 39(2), 381-400, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.016
13. Holick, M. F. (2011). Vitamin D: a d-lightful solution for health. J Investig Med, 59(6), 872- 880. doi: 10.2310/JIM.0b013e318214ea2d
14. Lind, L., Wengle, B., Wide, L., &Ljunghall, S. (1989). Reduction of blood pressure during longterm treatment with active vitamin D (alphacalcidol) is dependent on plasma renin activity and calcium status: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. American journal of Hypertension, 2(1), 20-25.
15. Lo, C. W., Paris, P. W., Clemens, T. L., Nolan, J., &Holick, M. F. (1985). Vitamin D absorption in healthy subjects and in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes. Am J Clin Nutr, 42(4), 644-649. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/42.4.644
16. MacLaughlin, J. A., Anderson, R. R., &Holick, M. F. (1982). Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin. Science, 216(4549), 1001-1003. doi: 10.1126/science.6281884
17. McGrath, J., Eyles, D., Mowry, B., Yolken, R., & Buka, S. (2003). Low maternal vitamin D as a risk factor for schizophrenia: a pilot study using banked sera. Schizophr Res, 63(1-2), 73-78. doi: 10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00435-8
18. Muhe, L., Lulseged, S., Mason, K. E., &Simoes, E. A. (1997). Case-control study of the role of nutritional rickets in the risk of developing pneumonia in Ethiopian children. The Lancet, 349(9068), 1801-1804.
19. Munger, K. L., Levin, L. I., Hollis, B. W., Howard, N. S., &Ascherio, A. (2006). Serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. Jama, 296(23), 2832-2838.
20. Munns, C. F., Shaw, N., Kiely, M., Specker, B. L., Thacher, T. D., Ozono, K., Högler, W. (2016).Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 101(2), 394-415. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2175
21. Muñoz, A., & Grant, W. B. (2022). Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Nutrients, 14(7). doi: 10.3390/nu14071448
22. Olgun, H., Ceviz, N., & Ozkan, B. (2003). A case of dilated cardiomyopathy due to nutritional vitamin D deficiency rickets. Turk J Pediatr, 45(2), 152-154.
23. Oudshoorn, C., Mattace-Raso, F. U., van der Velde, N., Colin, E. M., & van der Cammen, T. J. (2008). Higher serum vitamin D3 levels are associated with better cognitive test performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Dement GeriatrCognDisord, 25(6), 539-543. doi: 10.1159/000134382
24. Ozkan, B., Doneray, H., Karacan, M., Vançelik, S., Yıldırım, Z. K., Ozkan, A., Aydın, K. (2009). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in the eastern part of Turkey. Eur J Pediatr, 168(1), 95-100.
25. Özkan, B., &Döneray, H. (2011). vitaminininiskeletsistemidışıetkileri. ÇocukSağlığıveHastalıklarıDergisi, 54(2), 99-119.
26. Özlü, T., Aslan, E., &Kenger, E. (2020). Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda D Vitamini. TurkiyeKlinikleri J Pediatr, 29(2), 107-114.
27. Saggese, G., Vierucci, F., Boot, A. M., Czech-Kowalska, J., Weber, G., Camargo, C. A., Jr., Holick, M. F. (2015). Vitamin D in childhood and adolescence: an expert position statement. Eur JPediatr, 174(5), 565-576. doi: 10.1007/s00431-015-2524-6
28. Sharma, O. P. (2000). Hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders: a clinical review. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 6(5), 442-447.Evsile S., (2023), Different Aspects of Vitamin D, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Sciences, 5(2), 10-18
29. Stechschulte, S. A., Kirsner, R. S., &Federman, D. G. (2009). Vitamin D: bone and beyond, rationale and recommendations for supplementation. Am J Med, 122(9), 793-802. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.02.029
30. Szodoray, P., Nakken, B., Gaal, J., Jonsson, R., Szegedi, A., Zold, E., Zeher, M. (2008). The complex role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases. Scandinavian journal of immunology, 68(3), 261-269.
31. Teegarden, D., & Donkin, S. S. (2009). Vitamin D: emerging new roles in insulin sensitivity. Nutrition research reviews, 22(1), 82-92.
32. Tsiaras, W. G., & Weinstock, M. A. (2011). Factors influencing vitamin D status. Acta DermatoVenereologica, 91(2), 115.
33. Wayse, V., Yousafzai, A., Mogale, K., &Filteau, S. (2004). Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 y. Eur J Clin Nutr, 58(4), 563-567. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601845
34. Weisman, Y. (2010). Non-classic unexpected functions of vitamin D. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev, 8(2), 103-107