NON-CELIAC GLUTEN SENSITIVITY: A TRADITIONAL REVIEW

Abstract

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a disorder characterized by gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms caused by the consumption of gluten-containing foods in individuals who do not have celiac disease or wheat allergy. The limited knowledge regarding NCGS has led to various challenges in diagnosis and disease management. Due to the lack of sensitive and reproducible biomarkers for diagnosis, current evidence on NCGS prevalence is primarily based on survey studies. Although it is believed that both innate and adaptive immune systems play a role in the pathogenesis of NCGS, this remains an area of uncertainty. A gluten-free diet is recommended as the best treatment method for symptom control in NCGS. However, the gluten-free diet may lead to deficiencies in certain macro and micronutrients, and thus should be followed under the supervision of a nutritionist and clinician. With the continuously evolving body of knowledge, significant progress has been made in understanding the perspective on NCGS. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of NCGS considering the most recent data.

Keywords

• Diagnose
• Epidemiology
• Gluten-free diet
• Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

NON-ÇÖLYAK GLUTEN HASSASİYETİ: GELENEKSEL BİR DERLEME

Abstract

Non-çölyak gluten hassasiyeti (NCGS), çölyak hastalığı veya buğday alerjisi olmayan bireylerde, gluten içeren besinlerin tüketimi ile gastrointestinal ve ekstraintestinal semptomlara neden olan bir bozukluktur. NCGS’ye ilişkin bilgilerin oldukça sınırlı olması, tanı koymada ve hastalık yönetiminde çeşitli zorluklara neden olmaktadır. Tanı için duyarlı ve tekrarlanabilir biyobelirteçlerin eksikliği nedeni ile NCGS prevalansını belirlenmeye yönelik mevcut kanıtlar anket çalışmalarına dayanmaktadır. NCGS patogenezinde doğuştan gelen ve adaptif bağışıklık sisteminin etkili olduğu düşünülmekle birlikte bu durum henüz netliğe kavuşturulmamıştır. NCGS’de semptomların kontrolü için en iyi tedavi yöntemi olarak glutensiz diyet önerilmektedir. Glutensiz diyet, bazı makro ve mikro besin ögelerinde eksikliklere neden olabilir bu nedenle beslenme uzmanı ve klinisyen kontrolünde yürütülmelidir. Sürekli güncellenen bilgiler ile NCGS’ye ait bakış açısında ilerleme kaydedilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı ise güncel bilgiler ışığında NCGS’nin etiyopatolojisi, klinik özelliklerinin daha iyi anlaşılması ve tedavisine yönelik genel bir bakış açısı sunmaktır.

Keywords

• Tanı
• Epidemiyoloji
• Glutensiz diyet
• Non-çölyak gluten hassasiyeti

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