SİGARA İÇEN VE İÇMEYEN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SOLUNUM KAS ENDURANSI, ANAEROBİK GÜÇ VE YORGUNLUK İNDEKSİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

Sigara içimi diyafram kasının yapısını, fonksiyonunu, aerobik ve anaerobik performansı olumsuz etkilemektedir. Fakat, görece kısa süreli sigara maruziyetine sahip genç yetişkinlerde sigaranın erken dönemdeki fonksiyonel etkileri hâlâ net değildir. Bu çalışma, sigara içen ve içmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinde solunum kas kuvveti ve enduransı, pulmoner fonksiyonlar, anaerobik güç ve yorgunluk indeksini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmaya 18–30 yaş aralığında, 15’i sigara içen ve 18’i sigara içmeyen toplam 33 üniversite öğrencisi dahil edildi. Pulmoner fonksiyonlar, maksimal inspiratuar ve ekspiratuar basınçlar (MIP, MEP) spirometre kullanılarak değerlendirildi. İnspiratuar kas enduransı, inspiratuar kas eğitim cihazı ile artan eşik yükleme testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Anaerobik performans ve yorgunluk indeksi ise Koşuya Dayalı Anaerobik Sprint Testi (RAST) ile ölçüldü. Grupların demografik özellikleri benzerdi (p>0.05). Pulmoner fonksiyonlar, solunum kas kuvveti veya RAST parametreleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmamasına rağmen (p>0.05), sigara içenlerde ortalama MIP değerlerinin klinik anlamlılığa yaklaşacak düzeyde daha düşük olduğu ve yorgunluk indeksinin daha yüksek olma eğiliminde olduğu gözlendi. Düşük düzeyde sigara maruziyetine sahip genç üniversite öğrencilerinde MIP değerlerinin düşük ve yorgunluk indeksinin yüksek olma eğilimi, belirgin klinik bozukluklar ortaya çıkmadan önce erken fonksiyonel bozulmaların gelişebileceğini göstermektedir. Sigara içmenin solunum kası fonksiyonu ve anaerobik kapasite üzerindeki kronik etkilerini daha net ortaya koymak için daha geniş örneklemli ve boylamsal çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Atletik performans
• Kuvvet
• Maksimal respiratuar basınçlar
• Pulmoner fonksiyon testleri
• Sigara içimi

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı kapsamında 1919B012320532 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

1919B012320532

Ethical Statement

Bu kesitsel çalışma Amasya Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (No:2024/151).

Thanks

Yazarlar, destekleri için Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumuna (TÜBİTAK) teşekkürlerini sunarlar.

COMPARISON OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ENDURANCE, ANAEROBIC POWER, AND FATIGUE INDEX BETWEEN SMOKING AND NON-SMOKING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Abstract

Cigarette smoking negatively affects the structure and function of the diaphragm muscle, as well as aerobic and anaerobic performance. However, the early functional effects of smoking in young adults with relatively short-term smoking exposure remain unclear. This study aims to compare respiratory muscle strength and endurance, pulmonary function, anaerobic power, and fatigue index between smoking and non-smoking university students. Thirty-three university students (15 smokers, 18 non-smokers) aged 18–30 years were included in the study. Pulmonary functions and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP) were measured using a spirometer. Inspiratory muscle endurance was assessed using an incremental threshold loading test with an inspiratory muscle training device. Anaerobic performance and fatigue index were assessed using the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). The demographic characteristics were similar between groups (p>0.05). Although no statistically significant differences were observed in pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, or RAST parameters (p>0.05), smokers demonstrated lower mean MIP values, approaching clinical significance, and a tendency toward higher fatigue index compared with non-smokers. The observed tendency for lower MIP values and higher fatigue index results among young university students with low smoking exposure indicates that early functional impairments may develop before measurable clinical deficits become evident. There is a need for longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes to more clearly demonstrate the chronic effects of cigarette smoking on respiratory muscle function and anaerobic capacity.

Keywords

• Athletic Performance
• Cigarette Smoking
• Maximal Respiratory Pressures
• Pulmonary Function Tests
• Strength

Supporting Institution

This study was supported with Project number 1919B012320532 within the scope of TUBITAK 2209- A University Students Research Projects Support Programme.

Project Number

1919B012320532

Ethical Statement

This cross-sectional study was approved (No:2024/151) by the Amasya University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee

Thanks

The authors thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK) for its support.

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