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Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojisi Turizm Sektörü İçin Fırsat mı? Tehdit mi?

Year 2023, Issue: 3, 84 - 99, 22.06.2023

Abstract

The internet and information technologies, which are developing rapidly day by day and are being used in all areas of life, have gained importance in the field of tourism and have begun to be examined in both national and international literature. In this context, this study, which aims to evaluate the current debates between tourism and virtual reality technology, has been put forward in order to better understand the relationship of virtual reality technology with the tourism sector by considering the studies in the tourism literature. Depending on the purpose of the study, two research questions were asked and answers were sought for these questions. When the literature is examined, in response to these questions; It has been concluded that tourists are not yet fully integrated into virtual reality technology and applications, and although it provides benefits and convenience in many subjects, classical tourism will be preferred for a while over the said technology applications. In addition, it can be said that virtual reality technologies are open to threats that will affect the tourism sector fundamentally due to the negative effects they contain as well as opportunities.

References

  • Adom, D., Hussein, E. K. ve Agyem, J. A. (2018). Theoretical and conceptual framework: mandatory ıngredients of a quality research, International Journal of Scientific Research, 1 (7), pp. 438-441.
  • Arat, T., & Baltacıoğlu, S. (2016). Sanal Gerçeklik ve Turizm. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 19 (1), pp. 104-118.
  • Avcı, E. (2021). Turizm Pazarlamasında Dijitalleşme: Sanal ve Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojilerinin Turistik Ürün Pazarlamasında Kullanılması. Editör Mehmet Baş ve İnci Erdoğan Tarakçı. Sosyal Bilimlerde Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Teori, Uygulama ve Analizler. İstanbul, Efe Akademik Yayıncılık. pp. 137-150.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2004). Tüketim Toplumu, (Çev. H. Delice Çaylı-F. Keskin), İstanbul, Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Cheong, R. (1995). The Virtual Threat to Travel and Tourism. Tourism Management, 16 (6), pp. 417-422.
  • Chiao, H. M., Chen, Y. L., & Huang, W. H. (2018). Examining The Usability of an Online Virtual Tour-Guiding Platform for Cultural Tourism Education, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 23, pp. 29–38.
  • Demirezen, B. (2009). Artırılmış Gerçeklik ve Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojisinin Turizm Sektöründe Kullanılabilirliği Üzerine Bir Literatür Taraması, Uluslararası Global Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3 (1), pp. 2-26.
  • Derman, E. (2012). 360 Derece Panoramik Sanal Tur Uygulaması (Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Örneği), Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya.
  • Dewailly, J. M. (1999). Sustainable Tourist Space: From Reality to Virtual Reality?. Tourism Geographies, 1 (1), pp. 41-55.
  • Dilek, N. K. (2020). Turizm Sektöründe Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojisinin Kullanımına ve Etkisine Yönelik Keşifsel Bir Araştırma, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Dinçer, F. İ., & Çakmak, T. F. (2015) Gözetim Toplumu Yönetiminin Turizm Açısından Değerlendirilmesi, I. Avrasya Uluslararası Turizm Kongresi 28-30 Mayıs 2015 Konya, Cilt 2, pp. 178- 188.
  • Durmaz, C., Bulut, Y., & Tankuş, E. (2018). Sanal Gerçekliğin Turizme Entegrasyonu: Samsun'daki 5 Yıldızlı Otellerde Uygulama. Turkish Journal of Marketing, 3 (1), pp. 32-49.
  • Eden, H. K., & Gretzel, U. (2012). A Taxonomy Of Mobile Applications In Tourism, E-review of Tourism Research, 10 (2), pp. 47-50.
  • Eryılmaz, G. & Aydın, R. (2020). Sanal Gerçeklik ve Arttırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojilerinin Turizm Uygulamaları ve Pazarlamadaki Yeri. Uluslararası Kırsal Turizm ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 4 (2), pp. 10-25.
  • Eser, S., Çakıcı A. C., Babat, D., & Kızılırmak, İ. (2019) Turlarda Teknoloji Kullanımı: Turistler ve Turist Rehberli Gözüyle Bir Değerlendirme, Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 22 (41), pp. 465-480.
  • Go, H. & Gretzel, U. (2016). The Role of Interactive Maps and Spatial Ability in Creating Virtual Tourism Experiences: A Measurement Framework. Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally.
  • Guttentag, D. A. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31 (5), pp. 637–651.
  • Huang, Y. C., Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., & Chang, L. L. (2016). Exploring the Implications of Virtual Reality Technology in Tourism Marketing: An Integrated Research Framework. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18 (2), pp. 116–128.
  • Huang, Y. C., Backman, S. J., Backman, K. F., & Moore, D. W. (2013). Exploring User Acceptance of 3D Virtual Worlds in Travel and Tourism Marketing. Tourism Management, 36, pp. 490–501.
  • Jung, T., Tom Dieck, M. C., Moorhouse, N., & Tom Dieck, D. (2017) Tourists' Experience Of Virtual Reality Applications. 2017 Ieee International Conference On Consumer Electronics (ICCE), pp. 208-210, IEEE.
  • Kabadayı, M. (2020). Otel İşletmelerinde Sanal Gerçeklik ve Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamaları. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 17 (3), pp.464–479.
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kourtesopoulou, A., Kehagias, J., & Papaioannou, A. (2018) Evaluation of E-Service Quality in The Hotel Sector: A Systematic Literature Review, Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure, Cham, Springer, pp. 173-191.
  • Lee, O., & Oh Ji-Eun (2007). The Impact of Virtual Reality Functions of a Hotel Website on Travel Anxiety. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10 (4), pp. 584-586.
  • Li, Y., Song, H., & Guo, R. (2021). A Study on The Causal Process of Virtual Reality Tourism and Its Attributes in Terms of Their Effects on Subjective Well-Being During COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (3), pp. 1019.
  • Muhuri, P. K., Shukla, A. K., & Abraham, A. (2019). Industry 4.0: A Bibliometric Analysis and Detailed Overview. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 78, pp. 218-235.
  • Musil, S., & Pigel, G. (1994). Can Tourism Be Replaced by Virtual Reality Technology?, Information and Communications Technologies in Tourism, Ed. Schertler, W., Schmid, B., Tjoa, A.M., Werthner, H., Springer, Vienna, pp. 87-94.
  • Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., & Ladkin, A. (2012). Conceptualising Technology Enhanced Destination Experiences. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1 (1-2), pp. 36-46.
  • Paquet, E., & Viktor, H. L. (2005). Long-Term Preservation of 3D Cultural Heritage Data Related to Architectural Sites. ISPRS 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, Mestre-Venice, Italy, 22–24 August.
  • Rivera, M., Croes, R., & Zhong, Y. (2016). Developing Mobile Services: A Look at First-Time and Repeat Visitors in A Small Island Destination. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28 (12), pp. 2721-2747.
  • Sharples, S., Cobb, S., Moody, A. & Wilson, J. R. (2008) Virtual Reality Induced Symptoms and Effects (VRISE): Comparison of Head Mounted Display (HMD), Desktop and Projection Display Systems, Displays, 29 (2), pp. 58-69.
  • Skard, S., Knudsen, E. S., Sjåstad, H., & Thorbjørnsen, H. (2021). How virtual reality influences travel intentions: The role of mental imagery and happiness forecasting. Tourism Management, 87, pp. 2-9.
  • Suler, J. (2004) Computer and Cyberspace Addiction, International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 1 (4), pp. 359-362.
  • Wan, C.-S., Tsaur, S.-H., Chiu, Y.-L., & Chiou, W.-B. (2008). Is the Advertising Effect of Virtual Experience Always Better or Contingent on Different Travel Destinations? Information Technology & Tourism, 9 (1), pp. 45–54.
  • Williams, A. P., & Hobson, J. P. (1995). Virtual Reality and Tourism: Fact Or Fantasy? Tourism Management, 16 (6), pp. 423-427.
  • Yovcheva, Z., Buhalis, D., & Gatzidis, C. (2012). Overview of Smartphone Augmented Reality Applications for Tourism, e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 10 (2), pp. 63-66.
  • Yüksek, G., Coşkuner, M., Çetin, A., & Savaş, N. (2020). A Bibliometric Analysis of The Last 25 Years of Virtual Reality Studies in Tourism, Journal of Tourism. Leisure and Hospitality, 2 (1), pp. 14-21.
  • https://www.statista.com/topics/2532/virtual-reality-vr/#topicHeader__wrapper

A Discussion on Whether Virtual Reality Technology is an Opportunity or a Threat for the Tourism Industry

Year 2023, Issue: 3, 84 - 99, 22.06.2023

Abstract

The Internet and information technologies, which are developing rapidly day by day and are being used in all areas of life, have gained importance in the field of tourism and have begun to be examined in both national and international literature. In this context, this study, which aims to evaluate the current debates between tourism and virtual reality technology, has been put forward in order to better understand the relationship of virtual reality technology with the tourism sector by considering the studies in the tourism literature. Depending on the purpose of the study, two research questions were asked and answers were sought for these questions. When the literature is examined, in response to these questions; It has been concluded that tourists are not yet fully integrated into virtual reality technology and applications, and although it provides benefits and convenience in many subjects, classical tourism will be preferred for a while over the said technology applications. In addition, it can be said that virtual reality technologies are open to threats that will affect the tourism sector fundamentally due to the negative effects they contain as well as opportunities.

References

  • Adom, D., Hussein, E. K. ve Agyem, J. A. (2018). Theoretical and conceptual framework: mandatory ıngredients of a quality research, International Journal of Scientific Research, 1 (7), pp. 438-441.
  • Arat, T., & Baltacıoğlu, S. (2016). Sanal Gerçeklik ve Turizm. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 19 (1), pp. 104-118.
  • Avcı, E. (2021). Turizm Pazarlamasında Dijitalleşme: Sanal ve Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojilerinin Turistik Ürün Pazarlamasında Kullanılması. Editör Mehmet Baş ve İnci Erdoğan Tarakçı. Sosyal Bilimlerde Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Teori, Uygulama ve Analizler. İstanbul, Efe Akademik Yayıncılık. pp. 137-150.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2004). Tüketim Toplumu, (Çev. H. Delice Çaylı-F. Keskin), İstanbul, Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Cheong, R. (1995). The Virtual Threat to Travel and Tourism. Tourism Management, 16 (6), pp. 417-422.
  • Chiao, H. M., Chen, Y. L., & Huang, W. H. (2018). Examining The Usability of an Online Virtual Tour-Guiding Platform for Cultural Tourism Education, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 23, pp. 29–38.
  • Demirezen, B. (2009). Artırılmış Gerçeklik ve Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojisinin Turizm Sektöründe Kullanılabilirliği Üzerine Bir Literatür Taraması, Uluslararası Global Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3 (1), pp. 2-26.
  • Derman, E. (2012). 360 Derece Panoramik Sanal Tur Uygulaması (Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Örneği), Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya.
  • Dewailly, J. M. (1999). Sustainable Tourist Space: From Reality to Virtual Reality?. Tourism Geographies, 1 (1), pp. 41-55.
  • Dilek, N. K. (2020). Turizm Sektöründe Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojisinin Kullanımına ve Etkisine Yönelik Keşifsel Bir Araştırma, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Dinçer, F. İ., & Çakmak, T. F. (2015) Gözetim Toplumu Yönetiminin Turizm Açısından Değerlendirilmesi, I. Avrasya Uluslararası Turizm Kongresi 28-30 Mayıs 2015 Konya, Cilt 2, pp. 178- 188.
  • Durmaz, C., Bulut, Y., & Tankuş, E. (2018). Sanal Gerçekliğin Turizme Entegrasyonu: Samsun'daki 5 Yıldızlı Otellerde Uygulama. Turkish Journal of Marketing, 3 (1), pp. 32-49.
  • Eden, H. K., & Gretzel, U. (2012). A Taxonomy Of Mobile Applications In Tourism, E-review of Tourism Research, 10 (2), pp. 47-50.
  • Eryılmaz, G. & Aydın, R. (2020). Sanal Gerçeklik ve Arttırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojilerinin Turizm Uygulamaları ve Pazarlamadaki Yeri. Uluslararası Kırsal Turizm ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 4 (2), pp. 10-25.
  • Eser, S., Çakıcı A. C., Babat, D., & Kızılırmak, İ. (2019) Turlarda Teknoloji Kullanımı: Turistler ve Turist Rehberli Gözüyle Bir Değerlendirme, Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 22 (41), pp. 465-480.
  • Go, H. & Gretzel, U. (2016). The Role of Interactive Maps and Spatial Ability in Creating Virtual Tourism Experiences: A Measurement Framework. Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally.
  • Guttentag, D. A. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31 (5), pp. 637–651.
  • Huang, Y. C., Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., & Chang, L. L. (2016). Exploring the Implications of Virtual Reality Technology in Tourism Marketing: An Integrated Research Framework. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18 (2), pp. 116–128.
  • Huang, Y. C., Backman, S. J., Backman, K. F., & Moore, D. W. (2013). Exploring User Acceptance of 3D Virtual Worlds in Travel and Tourism Marketing. Tourism Management, 36, pp. 490–501.
  • Jung, T., Tom Dieck, M. C., Moorhouse, N., & Tom Dieck, D. (2017) Tourists' Experience Of Virtual Reality Applications. 2017 Ieee International Conference On Consumer Electronics (ICCE), pp. 208-210, IEEE.
  • Kabadayı, M. (2020). Otel İşletmelerinde Sanal Gerçeklik ve Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamaları. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 17 (3), pp.464–479.
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kourtesopoulou, A., Kehagias, J., & Papaioannou, A. (2018) Evaluation of E-Service Quality in The Hotel Sector: A Systematic Literature Review, Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure, Cham, Springer, pp. 173-191.
  • Lee, O., & Oh Ji-Eun (2007). The Impact of Virtual Reality Functions of a Hotel Website on Travel Anxiety. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10 (4), pp. 584-586.
  • Li, Y., Song, H., & Guo, R. (2021). A Study on The Causal Process of Virtual Reality Tourism and Its Attributes in Terms of Their Effects on Subjective Well-Being During COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (3), pp. 1019.
  • Muhuri, P. K., Shukla, A. K., & Abraham, A. (2019). Industry 4.0: A Bibliometric Analysis and Detailed Overview. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 78, pp. 218-235.
  • Musil, S., & Pigel, G. (1994). Can Tourism Be Replaced by Virtual Reality Technology?, Information and Communications Technologies in Tourism, Ed. Schertler, W., Schmid, B., Tjoa, A.M., Werthner, H., Springer, Vienna, pp. 87-94.
  • Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., & Ladkin, A. (2012). Conceptualising Technology Enhanced Destination Experiences. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1 (1-2), pp. 36-46.
  • Paquet, E., & Viktor, H. L. (2005). Long-Term Preservation of 3D Cultural Heritage Data Related to Architectural Sites. ISPRS 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, Mestre-Venice, Italy, 22–24 August.
  • Rivera, M., Croes, R., & Zhong, Y. (2016). Developing Mobile Services: A Look at First-Time and Repeat Visitors in A Small Island Destination. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28 (12), pp. 2721-2747.
  • Sharples, S., Cobb, S., Moody, A. & Wilson, J. R. (2008) Virtual Reality Induced Symptoms and Effects (VRISE): Comparison of Head Mounted Display (HMD), Desktop and Projection Display Systems, Displays, 29 (2), pp. 58-69.
  • Skard, S., Knudsen, E. S., Sjåstad, H., & Thorbjørnsen, H. (2021). How virtual reality influences travel intentions: The role of mental imagery and happiness forecasting. Tourism Management, 87, pp. 2-9.
  • Suler, J. (2004) Computer and Cyberspace Addiction, International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 1 (4), pp. 359-362.
  • Wan, C.-S., Tsaur, S.-H., Chiu, Y.-L., & Chiou, W.-B. (2008). Is the Advertising Effect of Virtual Experience Always Better or Contingent on Different Travel Destinations? Information Technology & Tourism, 9 (1), pp. 45–54.
  • Williams, A. P., & Hobson, J. P. (1995). Virtual Reality and Tourism: Fact Or Fantasy? Tourism Management, 16 (6), pp. 423-427.
  • Yovcheva, Z., Buhalis, D., & Gatzidis, C. (2012). Overview of Smartphone Augmented Reality Applications for Tourism, e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 10 (2), pp. 63-66.
  • Yüksek, G., Coşkuner, M., Çetin, A., & Savaş, N. (2020). A Bibliometric Analysis of The Last 25 Years of Virtual Reality Studies in Tourism, Journal of Tourism. Leisure and Hospitality, 2 (1), pp. 14-21.
  • https://www.statista.com/topics/2532/virtual-reality-vr/#topicHeader__wrapper
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Mustafa Coşkuner 0000-0003-3032-1836

Altan Çetin 0000-0002-4271-4760

Early Pub Date May 18, 2023
Publication Date June 22, 2023
Submission Date March 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Coşkuner, M., & Çetin, A. (2023). A Discussion on Whether Virtual Reality Technology is an Opportunity or a Threat for the Tourism Industry. Selçuk Turizm Ve Bilişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(3), 84-99.

Selcuk Tourism and Information Research Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).