Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış

Vedat Batu

Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış

Öz

Bu makalede Darcy yasasının yayınlandığı 1856 yılından bu yana geçen süre

içinde yeraltı suyu hidroliği konusunda yapılan çalışmalar kronolojik bir sıra içinde gözden

geçirilmiştir. Giriş bölümünde bu incelemenin genel bir çerçevesi çizilerek yeraltı

sularının korunmasının çevresel korunma ile ilgili etkinliklerin önemli bir öğesi olduğu

vurgulanmıştır. İkinci bölümde yeraltı suyu hidroliğinin tarihsel süreç içinde önemli

aşamalardan geçerek bugünkü durumuna ulaştığı belirtilmiş ve akiferlerle ilgili hidrolik

parametrelerin belirlenmesi ve akiferlerle ilgili matematik modelleme ile ilgili çeşitli

araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan çalışmalara değinilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, yeraltı

sularının temiz tutulmasına yönelik çalışmaların ancak 1950’li yıllardan sonra başladığı

vurgulanmış ve özellikle 1970’li yıllardan sonra stokastik yöntemlerin de yeraltı suyu

hidroliğinde önemli araştırma konularından biri olduğu belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, hidrodinamik

dispersiyon katsayılarının önemli argümanları olan dispersivitelerin değerlerinin belirlenmesine

yönelik çalışmaların yeterli bir düzeye henüz ulaşmadığı ve bu konudaki

araştırmalara devam edilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevre,Darcy kanunu,dispersiyon,hidrolik,koruma,model,yeraltı suyu

References

Barenblatt, G.I., Yu. P. Zheltov, and I.N. Kochina, “Basic Concepts in the Theory of Seepage of Homogeneous Liquids in Fissured Rocks (Strata),” J. Appl. Math. Mech. Engl. Transl., Vol. 24, pp. 1286-1303, 1960.
Batu, V., “Steady Infiltration From Single and Periodic Strip Sources,” Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 544-549, 1978.
Batu, V., “Flow Net for Unsaturated Infiltration From Strip Source,” Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 105, No. IR3, Proc. Paper 14822, pp. 233-245, 1979.
Batu, V., “Flow Net for Unsaturated Infiltration From Periodic Strip Sources,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 284-288, 1980.
Batu, V., “Time-Dependent, Linearized Two-Dimensional Infiltration and Evaporation From Nonuniform and Nonperiodic Strip Sources,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 1725-1733, 1982.
Batu, V., “Two-Dimensilal Dispersion from Strip Sources,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,”American Society of Civil engineers, Vol. 109, pp. 827-841, 1983a.
Batu, V., “Time Dependent Linearized Two-Dimensional Infiltration and Evaporation From Nonuniform and Periodic Strip Sources,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 1523-1529, 1983b.
Batu, V., “Introduction of the Stream Function Concept to the Analysis of Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Porous Media,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 23, pp. 1175-1184, 1987.

Batu, V., “Contaminant Plume Analysis Using the Hydrodynamic Dispersion Stream Function (HDSF) Concept,” Ground Water, Vol. 26, pp. 71-77, 1988.
Batu, V., “A Generalized Two-Dimensional Analytical Solution for Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Bounded Media,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 25, pp. 1125-1132,1989.
Batu, V., “A Generalized Two-Dimensional Analytical Solute Transport Model in Bounded Media for Flux-Type Finite Multiple Sources,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 29, pp. 2881-2892, 1993.
Batu, V., “A Generalized Three-Dimensional Analytical Solute Transport Model for Multiple Rectangular First-Type Sources,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 174, pp. 57-82,1996.
Batu, V., Aquifer Hydraulics: A Comprehensive Guide to Hydrogeologic Data Analysis, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 727 pp., 1998.
Batu, V., Applied Flow and Solute Transport Modeling in Aquifers: Fundamental Principles and Analytical and Numerical Methods, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group,Boca Raton, Florida, 667 pp., 2006.
Batu, V., and W.R. Gardner, “Steady-State Solute Convection in Two Dimensions With Nonuniform Infiltration,” Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 42, No. 1,pp. 18-22, 1978.
Batu, V., and M.T. van Genuchten, “First- and Third-Type Boundary Conditions in Two-Dimensional Solute Transport Modeling,” Water Resources Research, Vol 26,pp. 339-350, 1990.
Bear, J., “On the Tensor Form of Dispersion in Porous Media,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 66, pp. 1185-1197, 1961.
Bear, J., Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, American Elsevier, New York, 764 pp., 1972.
Bear, J., Hydraulics of Groundwater, McGraww-Hill, New York, U.S.A., 569 pp., 1979.
Boulton, N.S., “Unsteady Radial Flow to a Pumped Well Allowing Delayed Yield from Storage”, International Association of Scientific Hydrology, Vol. II, pp. 472-477,1954.
Boulton, N.S., “Analysis of Data from Non-equilibrium Pumping Tests Allowing for Delayed Yield from Storage”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London, The United Kingdom, Vol. 26, pp. 469-482, 1963.
Bouwer, H., “The Bouwer and Rice Slug Test – An Update,” Ground Water, Vol 27, No. 3, pp. 304-309, 1989.
Bouwer, H., and R.C. Rice, “A Slug Test for Determining Hydraulic Conductivity of Unconfined Aquifers with Completely or Partially Penetrating Wells,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 423-438, 1976.
Bruch, J.C., and R.L. Street, “Two-Dimensional Dispersion,” Journal of Sanitary Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 93, pp. 17-39, 1967.
Buckingham, E., “Studies on the Movement of Soil Moisture,” Bulletin 68, 61 pp., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., 1907, U.S.A.
Butler, J.J., Jr., The Design, Performance and Analysis of Slug Tests, Lewis Publisher, Chelsea, Michigan, 252 pp., 1997.
Cleary, R.W., and M.J. Ungs, “Analytical Methods for Ground Water Pollution and Hydrology,” Water Resources Program, Report 78-WR-15, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 1978.
Cooper, H.H., Jr., “The Equation of Groundwater Flow in Fixed and Deforming Coordinates,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 71, pp. 4785-4790, 1966.
Cooper, H.H., Jr., J.D. Bredehoeft, and I.S. Papadopulos, “Response of a Finite-Diameter Well to an Instantaneous Charge of Water,” Water Resources Research, Vol.3, No. 1, pp. 263-269, 1967.
Dagan, G., Flow and Transport in Porous Formation, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 465 pp., 1989.
Dagan, G., “Stochastic Modeling of Flow and Transport: The Broad Perspective,” in Subsurface Flow and Transport: A Stochastic Approach, G. Dagan and S.P. Neuman Editors, International Hydrology Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, The United Kingdom, pp. 3-19, 1997.
Darcy, H., “Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville Dijon,” Dalmont, Paris, France, 1856.
Dawson, K.J., and J.D. Istok, Aquifer Testing: Design and Analysis of Pumping and Slug Tests, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, 344 pp., 1991.
Duffield, G.M., “MODFLOWT: A Modular Three-Dimensional Ground Water Flow and Transport Model,” Version 1.1, Hydrosolve, Inc., and GeoTrans, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, 1996.
Dupuit, J., Etudes Théoriques et Pratiques sur le Mouvement des Eaux dans les Canaux Découvets et á Travers les Terrains Perméables, Second edition, Dunod,Paris, France, 304 pp., 1863.
Forchheimer, P., Wasserbewegung durch Boden, Z. Ver. Deutsch., Ing 45, 1982-1788, 1901.
Forchheimer, P., Hydraulik, third edition, Teubner, Leipzig, Berlin, Germany, 1930.
Freeze, R.A., J. Massmann, L. Smith, T. Sperling, and B. James, “Hydrogeological Decision Analysis: 1. Framework,” Ground Water, Vl. 28, pp. 738-766, 1990.
Gardner, W.R., “Some Steady State Solutions of the Unsaturated Moisture Flow Equation with Application to evaporation from a Water Table,” Soil Science, Vol. 85,No. 4, pp. 228-232, 1958.
Gelhar, L.W., Stochastic Subsurface Hydrology, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 390 sayfa, 1993.
Glueckauf, E., K.H. Barker, and G.P. Kitt, “Theory of Chromatography, 8: The Separation of Lithium Isotopes by Ion Exchange and of Neon Isotopes by Low-Temperature Adsorption Columns,” Trans. Faraday Soc., Vol. 7, pp. 199-213, 1949.
Gröbner, W., and N. Hofreiter, Integraltafel, Springer, Vienna, Vol. 1, 1949, Vol. 2, 1950.
Hantush, M.S., “Non-steady Flow to a Well Partially Penetrating an Infinite Leaky Aquifer”, Proceedings, Iraqi Scientific Society, Vol. 1, pp. 1-19, Baghdad, Iraq,1957.
Hantush, M.S., “Modification of the Theory of Leaky Aquifers”, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 65, No. 11, pp. 3713-3725, 1960.
Hantush, M.S., “Hydraulics of Wells,” Advances in Hydroscience, edited by Ven Te Chow, academic Press, New York, pp. 281-442, 1964.
Hantush, M.S., and C.E. Jacob, “Non-Steady Radial Flow in an Infinite Leaky Aquifer”, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 95-100, 1955.
Harleman, D.R.F., and R.R. Rumer, “Longitudinal and Lateral Dispersion in an Anisotropic Medium,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 16, pp. 385-394, 1963.
Hele-Shaw, H.S., “Experiments on the Nature of Surface Resistance in Pipes and on Ships,” Trans. Inst. Naval Architects, Vol. 39, pp. 145-156, 1897.
Hele-Shaw, H.S., “Experiments on the Nature of Surface Resistance of Water and Streamline Motion Under Certain Experimental Conditions,” Trans. Inst. Naval Architects, Vol. 40, pp. 21-46, 1898.
Jacob, C.E., “Flow of water in Elastic Artesian Aquifer,” EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 21, pp. 574-586, 1940.
Jacob, C.E., “Radial Flow in a Leaky Artesian Aquifer,” EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 27, pp. 198-208, 1946.
Jacob, C.E., “Drawdown Test to Determine Effective Radius of Artesian Well,” Transactions, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 112, pp. 1047-164, 1947.
Kruseman, G.P., and N.A. De Ridder, Analysis and Evaluation of Pumping Test Data, Second Edition, International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Publication 47, 377 pp., 1991.
Lapidus, L., and N.R. Amundsen, “Mathematics of Adsorption in Beds: IV. The Effect of Longitudinal Diffusion in Ion Exchange Chromotographic Columns,” J. Phys.Chem., Vol. 56, pp. 984-988, 1952.
Lindstrom, F.T., R. Haque, V.H. Freed, and L. Boersma, “Theory on the Movement of Some Herbicidies in Soils: Linear Diffusion and Convection of Chemicals inSoils,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 1, pp. 561-565, 1967.
Lumley, J.L., and H.A. Panofsky, The Structure of Atmospheric Turbulence, Interscience, New Yor, 239 pp., 1964.
McDonald, M.G., and A.W. Harbaugh, “A Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground Water Flow Model,” Open File Report 83-875, U.S. Geological Survey,National Center, Reston, Virginia, 528 pp., 1984.
Moench. A.F., “Double-Porosity Models for a Fissured Groundwater Reservoir With Fracture Skin,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 831-846, July, 1984.
Moench, A.F., “Transient Flow to a Large-Diameter well in an Aquifer With Storativity Semiconfining Layers,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 1121-1131, August, 1985.
Moench, A.F., “Flow to a Well of Finite Diameter in a Homogeneous Anisotropic Water Table Aquifer,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 1397-1407, June1997.
Moench, A.F., “The Response of Partially Penetrating Wells to Pumpage From Double- Porosity Aquifers,” Symposium Proceedings of International Conference on Fluid Flow in Fractured Rocks, Georgia State University, pp. 208-219, May 15-18, 1988.
Muskat, M., The Flow of Homogeneous Fluids Through Porous Media, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1937; 2nd printing by Edwards, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1946.
Neuman, S.P., “Stochastic Approach to Subsurface Flow and Transport: A View to the Future,” in Subsurface Flow and Transport: A Stochastic Approach, G. Dagan and S.P. Neuman, Editors, International Hydrology Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, The United Kingdom, pp. 231-241, 1997.
Neuman, S.P., and P.A. Witherspoon,” Field Determination of the Hydraulic Properties of Leaky Multiple Aquifer Systems,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 1284-1298, 1972.
Papadopulos, I.S., and H.H. Cooper, Jr., Drawdown in a Well of Large Diameter,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 241-44, First Quarter, 1967.
Philip, J.R., “The Theory of Infiltration 1. The Infiltration Equation and Its Solution,” Soil Science, Vol. 83, pp. 345-357, 1957.
Philip, J.R., “Theory of Infiltration,” In Ven Te Chow, Editor, Advances in Hydroscience, New York, Vol. 5, pp. 215-296, 1969.
Philip, J.R., “Nonuniform Leaching from Nonuniform Steady Infiltration,” Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 48, pp. 740-749, 1984.
Pollock, D.W., MODPATH: Documentation of Computer Program to Compute and Display Pathlines Using Results From the U.S. Geological Survey Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground Water Flow Model (MODFLOW), U.S. Geological Surfey OFR 89-381, 81 pp., 1989.
Polubarinova-Kochina, P. Ya., Theory of Ground Water Movement, translated from the Russian by R.J.M. De Wiest, Priceton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 613 pp., 1962.
Price, M., Introducing Groundwater, George Allen & Unwin, London, The United Kingdom, 195 pp., 1985.
Prickett, T.A., and C.G. Lonnquist, “Selected Digital Computer Techniques for Ground Water Resource Evaluation,” Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin 55, 56 pp., 1971.
Raats, P.A.C., “Steady Infiltration From Line and Furrows,” Soil Science Society of America. Proceedings., Vol. 34, pp. 709-714, 1970.
Richards, L.A., “Capillary Conduction of Liquids Through Porous Medium,” Physics, Vol. 1, pp. 318-333, 1931.
Rumer, R.R., “Longitudinal Dispersion in Steady and Unsteady Flows,” Journal of Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 88, pp. 147-172, 1962.
Scheidegger, A.E., “General Theory of Dispersion in Porous Media,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 66, pp. 3273-3278, 1961.
Şen, Z., Applied Hydrogeology for Scientists and Engineers, CRC Lewis Publishers, New York, 444 pp., 1995.
Shen, H.T., “Transient Dispersion in uniform Porous Media Flow,” Journal of Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 102, pp. 707-716, 1976.
Terzaghi, K., Erdbaummechanic auf Bodenphysikalishe Grundlage, Franz Deticke, Leipzig, Germany, 390 pp., 1925.
Theis, C.V., “The Relation Between the Lowering of the Piezometric Surface and the Rate and Duration of Discharge of a Well Using Ground-Water Storage,” Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 16, pp. 519-524, 1935.
Van Genuchten, M.T., and W.J. Alves, “Analytical Solutions of the One-Dimensional Convective-Dispersive Solute Transport Equation,” U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Technical Bulletin Number 1661, Riverside California, 149 pp, 1982.
Warren, J.E., and P.J. Root, “The Behavior of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs,” Trans. Soc. Pet. Eng. AJME, Vol. 228, pp. 245-255, 1963.
Warrick, A.W., “Time-Dependent, Linearized Infiltration: 1. Point Sources,” Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol. 38, pp. 383-386, 1974.
Warrick, A.W., “Analytical Solutions to the One-Dimensional Linearized Moisture Flow Equation for Arbitrary Input,” Soil Science, Vol. 120, pp. 79-84, 1975.
Warrick, A.W., and D.O. Lomen, “Time-Dependent Linearized Infiltration: 3. Strip and Disc Sources,” Soil Science Society of America. Journal, Vol. 40, pp. 639-643,1976.
Zheng, C., “MT3D: A Modular Three-Dimensional Transport Model for Simulation of Advection, Dispersion, and Chemical Reactions of Contaminants in Ground WaterSystem,” Prepared for U.S. environmental Protection Agency, 1990.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Civil Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Vedat Batu ^* This is me
United States

Publication Date

March 1, 2008

Submission Date

January 1, 2008

Acceptance Date

February 1, 2008

Published in Issue

Year 2008 Volume: 1 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA55ZT56CW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Batu, V. (2008). Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış. Su Kaynakları, 1(1), 1-11. https://izlik.org/JA55ZT56CW

AMA

1.Batu V. Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış. Su Kaynakları. 2008;1(1):1-11. https://izlik.org/JA55ZT56CW

Chicago

Batu, Vedat. 2008. “Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy Ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış”. Su Kaynakları 1 (1): 1-11. https://izlik.org/JA55ZT56CW.

EndNote

Batu V (March 1, 2008) Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış. Su Kaynakları 1 1 1–11.

IEEE

[1]V. Batu, “Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış”, Su Kaynakları, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–11, Mar. 2008, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA55ZT56CW

ISNAD

Batu, Vedat. “Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy Ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış”. Su Kaynakları 1/1 (March 1, 2008): 1-11. https://izlik.org/JA55ZT56CW.

JAMA

1.Batu V. Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış. Su Kaynakları. 2008;1:1–11.

MLA

Batu, Vedat. “Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy Ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış”. Su Kaynakları, vol. 1, no. 1, Mar. 2008, pp. 1-11, https://izlik.org/JA55ZT56CW.

Vancouver

1.Vedat Batu. Yeraltı Suyu Hidroliği: Darcy ve Fick’den Bu Yana Geçen Süre İçinde Yapılan Çalışmalara Genel Bakış. Su Kaynakları [Internet]. 2008 Mar. 1;1(1):1-11. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA55ZT56CW