Rethinking Security in the Balkans: The Concept of Weak State and its Implications for Regional Security

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 2009 Sayı: 2, 1 - 13, 01.03.2009

Bülent Sarper Ağır

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Rethinking Security in the Balkans: The Concept of Weak State and its Implications for Regional Security

Öz

The nation-states are considered to have sovereign control over their territories. However, in weak states, empirical sovereignty of the state is questioned by several actors inside of it, especially in respect of the idea of the state. Insecurities caused by weak states such as terrorism, organized crime, refugee flows, mass migration and regional instability have a spill-over effect. For the moment wars were over in the Balkans region, but insecurities caused by weak states structures constitute an important concern for stability of the Balkans. The main aim of this paper will be to argue that a comprehensive rethinking is required to examine security situation of the region. In this context, the concept of weak state should be given priority in assessing the security predicament of the Balkans

Anahtar Kelimeler

Weak State, Balkans, Non-traditional Security Issues

Kaynakça

• ANASTASIJEVIC, Dejan, “Organized Crime in the Western Balkans” HUMSEC Journal, http://www.humsec.eu/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/humsec/Workin_Paper_Series/ Working_Paper_Anastasijevic.pdf.
• ______, “Getting Better? A Map of Organized Crime in the Western Balkans”, Transnational Terrorism, Organized Crime and Peace-Building, Human Security in the Western Balkans, Wolfgang Benedek, Christopher Daase, Vojin Dimitrijevic and Petrus Van Duyne eds., (London: Palgrave Macmillian, 2010), pp.149-168.
• Assessing Human Security in the Western Balkans, CSIS-EKEM Policy Report, November 2010, http://csis.org/files/publication/101105.CSIS-EKEM_PolicyBrief4.pdf.
• BENEDEK, Wolfgang, “The Human Security Approach to Terrorism and Organized Crime in Post-Conflict Situations”, Transnational Terrorism, Organized Crime and Peace-Building, Human Security in the Western Balkans, Wolfgang Benedek, Christopher Daase, Vojin Dimitrijevic and Petrus Van Duyne eds., (London: Palgrave Macmillian, 2010), pp. 3- 16.
• BOURNE, Mike, “The Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons”, New Threats and New Actors in International Security, Elke Krahman ed., (New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2005), pp. 155-176.
• BUZAN, Barry, People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, Second Edition, (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991).
• BUZAN, Barry and Ole Wæver, Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
• DALBY, Simon, “Contesting an Essential Concept: Reading the Dilemmas in Contemporary Security Discourse”, Critical Security Studies, Concepts and Cases, Keith Krause and Michael C. Williams eds., (London: UCL Press, 1997), pp. 3-31.
• GLENNY, Misha, “Balkan Organized Crime”, Is There An Albanian Question?, Judy Batt ed., (Paris: Institute for Security Studies, 2008), pp. 87-104.
• GYARMATI, Istvan and Darko Stancic, Study on the Assessment of Regional Security Threats and Challenges in the Western Balkans, (Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2007).
• International Crisis Group, Bin Laden and the Balkans: The Politics of Anti-Terrorism, ICG Balkan Reports, 9 November 2001, no. 119, http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/Balkans%202
• International Strategic Studies Association, Madrid Bombings Highlight Extent and Capability of Islamist Networks, 2004, http://128.121.186.47/ISSA/reports/Balkan/Mar1204.htm.
• JANO, Dorian, “How Legacies of the Past and Weakness of the State brought Violent Dissolution and Disorder to the Western Balkan States”, Journal of Peace, Conflict and Development, Issue 14, July 2009,http://www.peacestudiesjournal.org.uk/dl/Issue%2014%20Article%2011%20Fin al%20version%201.pdf.
• KALDOR, Mary and Alan Johnson, “New Wars and Human Security: An Interview with Mary Kaldor”, http://dissentmagazine.org/democratiya/article_pdfs/d11Kaldor.pdf.
• KLOPCIC, Alja, “Trafficking in Human Beings in Transition and Post-Conflict Countries”, Human Security Perspectives, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2004, pp 7-12.
• KRAHMAN, Elke, “From State to Non-State Actors: The Emergence of Security Governance”, New Threats and New Actors in International Security, Elke Krahman ed., (New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2005), pp.3-19.
• LINKLATER, Andrew, “Globalization and the Transformation of Political Community”, The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, John Baylis and Steve Smith ed., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp.617-633.
• KRASTEV, Ivan, Human Security in South-East Europe, (Skopje: UNDP Special Report, 1999).
• MATOVSKI, Aleksander, “View from Macedonia - Study on the Assessment of Regional Security Threats and Challenges in the Western Balkans”, Study on the Assessment of Regional Security Threats and Challenges in the Western Balkans, Istvan Gyarmati and Darko Stancic ed., (Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2007), pp.99-114.
• MESSARI, Nizar, The State and Dilemmas of Security: The Middle East and the Balkans, Security Dialogue, Vol. 33, No. 4, 2002, pp. 415-427.
• MIGDAL, Joel S., Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988).
• MINCHEVA, Lyubov G. and Ted Robert Gurr, “Unholy Alliances: Evidence on Linkages between Trans-State Terrorism and Crime Networks: The Case of Bosnia”, Transnational Terrorism, Organized Crime and Peace-Building, Human Security in the Western Balkans, Wolfgang Benedek, Christopher Daase, Vojin Dimitrijevic and Petrus Van Duyne eds., (London: Palgrave Macmillian, 2010), pp.190-206.
• OVALI, A. Şevket, “What is to Be Done: A Complementary Security Architecture for the Balkans”, The Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Security, Challenges to Balkan Security and Contribution of the International Organizations, 14-15 May 2008, (İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University Press, 2009), pp. 171-177.
• PALINKASEV, Olga, “View from Bosnia and Herzegovina - Study on the Assessment of Regional Security Threats and Challenges in the Western Balkans”, Study on the Assessment of Regional Security Threats and Challenges in the Western Balkans, Gyarmati, Istvan and Stancic, Darko eds., (Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2007), pp. 71-85.
• PICARELLI, John T., “Transnational Organized Crime”, Security Studies: An Introduction, Paul D. Williams ed., (London: Routledge, 2008), pp. 453-467.
• PREZELJ, Iztok, “Challenges in Conceptualizing and Providing Human Security”, HUMSEC Journal, Issue 2, http://www.humsec.eu/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/humsec/Journal/Prezelj.pdf.
• ______, “The Small Arms and Light Weapons Problem in the Western Balkans”, Transnational Terrorism, Organized Crime and Peace-Building, Human Security in the Western Balkans, Wolfgang Benedek, Christopher Daase, Vojin Dimitrijevic and Petrus Van Duyne eds., (London: Palgrave Macmillian, 2010), pp. 207-226.
• RADEVIC, Rajko,“Montenegro”, Security Policies in the Western Balkans, Miroslav Hadzic, Milorad Timotic and Predrag Petrovic ed., (Belgrade: Center for Civil-Military Relations:2010), pp. 125-137.
• STOJAROVA, Vera, “Organized Crime in the Western Balkans”, HUMSEC Journal, http://www.humsec.eu/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/humsec/Journal/Stojarova_Orga nized_Crime_in_the_Western_Balkans.pdf.
• Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index 2008, http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table.
• UNDP Human Development Report 1994, http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1994/en/.
• United Nations Office on Drug and Crime, Crime and its Impact on the Balkans and Affected Countries, March 2008, http://www.unodc.org/documents/Balkan_study.pdf.
• VUKADINOVIC, Radovan, “Challenges to Security in Southeast Europe”, South-East Europe Studies, Vol. 36, No. 5, 1999, pp. 3-14.
• YUSUFI, Islam, “Macedonia”, Security Policies in the Western Balkans, Miroslav Hadzic, Milorad Timotic and Predrag Petrovic ed., (Belgrade: Center for Civil-Military Relations:2010), pp. 97-123.