Year 2021,
Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 482 - 500, 01.12.2021
Fikri Geckinli
,
Cevdet Yılmaz
References
- Brumfit, C.J. (2001). Individual freedom in language teaching: Helping learners to develop a dialect of their own. Oxford University Press.
- Bruthiaux, P. (2003). Squaring the circles: Issues in modeling English worldwide. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(2), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/1473-4192.00042
- Bayyurt, Y., & Sifakis, N. C. (2015). Developing an ELF-aware pedagogy: Insights from a self-education programme. In Vettorel, P (Ed.), New frontiers in teaching and learning English (pp. 55-76). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Bayyurt, Y. (2008). A lingua franca or an international language: The status of English in Turkey [Paper presentation]. ELF Forum, Helsinki, Finland.
- Bayyurt, Y., & Sifakis, N. C. (2015). ELF-aware in-service teacher education: A transformative perspective. In H. Bowles, & A. Cogo (Eds.), International Perspectives on English as a Lingua Franca (pp. 117-135). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Babbie, E. R. (2010). The practice of social research (12th ed.). Wadsworth.
- Coşkun, A. (2011). Future English teachers' attitudes towards EIL pronunciation. Journal of English as an International Language, 6(2), 46-68.
- Canagarajah, S. A. (2006) Negotiating the local in English as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 26, 197–218. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190506000109
- Cogo, A. (2010). Strategic use and perceptions of English as a lingua franca. Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 46(3), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10010-010-0013-7
- Cunningham, U. (2009). Models and targets for English pronunciation in Vietnam and Sweden. Research in Language, 7, 113-128. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10015-009-0008-3
- Cogo, A. (2009). Accommodating difference in ELF conversations: A study of pragmatic strategies. In A. Mauranen & E. Ranta (Eds.). English as a Lingua Franca: Studies and findings (pp. 254-273). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Deniz, E. B., Özkan, Y., & Bayyurt, Y. (2016). English as a lingua franca: Reflections on ELF-related issues by pre-service English language teachers in turkey. The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 16(2), 144-161.
- Dewey, M. (2015). ELF, teacher knowledge and professional development. In H. Bowles & A. Cogo (Eds.), International perspectives on English as a Lingua Franca. Pedagogical insights (pp. 176-193). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford University Press.
- Griffiths, C., & Soruç, A. (2019) Contextual differences regarding students’ perceptions of English as a lingua franca according to subject major and nationality. The Journal of Language Learning and Teaching 9(1): 53–69.
- George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). Using SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Geçkinli, F. (2020). English as a lingua franca: Turkish EFL teachers’ and students’ perceptions. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Çanakkale, Turkey.
- Holliday, A. (2005). The struggle to teach English as an international language. Oxford University Press.
- Hemmati, F., & Mojarrad, H. (2016). E-learning and distance education: A study of Iranian teaching English as a Foreign Language Masters Students. Malaysian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjde2016.18.1.4
- İnceçay, G., & Akyel, A. S. (2014). Turkish EFL teachers’ perceptions of English as a lingua franca. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 5(1), 1-12.
- İnal D., & Özdemir E. (2015). Re/considering the English language teacher education programs in Turkey from an ELF standpoint: what do the academia, pre-service and in-service teachers think? In Bayyurt Y., Akcan S. (Eds.), Current perspectives on pedagogy for English as a Lingua Franca (pp. 135-152). De Gruyter Mouton.
- Jenkins, J. (2012). English as a Lingua Franca from the classroom to the classroom. ELT Journal, 66(4), 486-494.
- Jenkins, J. (2007). English as a lingua franca: Attitude and identity. Oxford University Press.
- Jenkins, J. (2006). Current perspectives on teaching world Englishes and English as a lingua franca. Tesol Quarterly, 40(1), 157-181.
- Jenkins, J. (2015). Repositioning English and multilingualism in English as a Lingua Franca. Englishes in Practice, 2(3), 49-85. https://doi.org/10.1515/eip-2015-0003
- Jenkins, J. (2003). World Englishes. Routledge.
- Jenkins, J. (2000). The phonology of English as an international language. Oxford University Press.
- Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. G. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures (pp. 11-30). Cambridge University Press.
- Kontra, E., & Csizer, K. (2011). They can achieve their aims without native skills in the field of work or studies: Hungarian students’ views on English as a lingua franca. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2011.1.1.8
- Kubota, R. (2016). The multi/plural turn, postcolonial theory, and neoliberal multiculturalism: Complicities and implications for applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 37(4), 474-494. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu045
- Levin, T., & Wadmany, R. (2006). Teachers’ beliefs and practices in technology-based classrooms: A developmental view. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39(2), 157-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2006.10782478
- Murata, M., & Jenkins, J. (2009). Global Englishes in Asian Contexts: Current and Future Debates. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Ferguson, G. (2013). Exploring ELF: Academic English shaped by Non-native Speakers Anna Mauranen. TESOL Quarterly, 47(2), 431-433. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.88
- Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2005). Second language research: Methodology and design. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Nguyen, Q. T. (2012). Awareness of world Englishes of Vietnamese users of English. Tap San Khoa hoc Xa Hoi va Nhan Van, 69-78.
- Ngo, L. H. P. (2013). An investigation into Vietnamese teachers’ and students’ perception of English as a lingua franca. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Southampton.
- Pung, C. S. (2009). Beyond the Three Circles: A New Model for World Englishes. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. National University of Singapore.
- Peterson, R. A. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Variance Accounted for and Factor Loadings in Exploratory Factor Analysis. Marketing Letters, 11(3), 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008191211004
- Pan, L., & Block, D. (2011). English as a “global language” in China: An investigation into learners’ and teachers’ language beliefs. System, 39(3), 391-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.07.011
- Pham, H. H. (2001). Teacher development: A real need for English Departments in Vietnam. English Teaching Forum, 39(4), 30-33.
- Phan, L. H. (2008). Teaching English as an International Language: Identity, resistance and negotiation. Multilingual Matters.
- Pinsonneault, A., & Kraemer, K. (1993). Survey research methodology in management information systems: An assessment. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(2), 75-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1993.11518001
- Ranta, E. (2010). English in the real world vs. English at school: Finnish English teachers’ and students’ views. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 20(2), 156-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2009.00235.x
- Soruç, A. (2015). Non-native Teachers’ Attitudes towards English as a Lingua Franca. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 30(1), 239-251.
- Soruç, A. (2020). English as a Lingua Franca and Good Language Teachers. In C. Griffiths & Z. Tajeddin (Eds.), Lessons from Good Language Teachers (pp. 67-79). Cambridge University Press.
- Soruç, A., & Griffiths, C. (2021). Inspiring Pre-service English Language Teachers to Become ELF aware. RELC Journal, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882211001966
- Seidlhofer, B. (2004). Research perspectives on teaching English as a Lingua Franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24(1), 209-239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190504000145
- Seidlhofer, B. (2011). Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford University Press.
- Sifakis, N. (2019) ELF awareness in English language teaching: Principles and processes. Applied Linguistics 40(2), 288-306.
- Sifakis, N. (2009). Challenges in teaching ELF in the periphery: the Greek context. ELT Journal, 63(3) 230–237.
- Timmis, I. (2002). Native-speaker norms and International English: a classroom view. ELT Journal, 56(3), 240-249. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.3.240
- Tran, T. L. (2000). A Vietnamese perspective on World Englishes. Teachers' Edition, 4, 26-32.
- Ton, N. N. H., & Pham, H. H. (2010). Vietnamese teachers’ and students’ perceptions of global English. Language Education in Asia, 1(1), 48-61.
- Widdowson, H. G. (2015). ELF and teaching: Principles and practice [Paper presentation]. 8th English as a Lingua Franca Conference. Beijing International Convention Center, Beijing, China.
- Wang, D. (2013). The use of English as a lingua franca in teaching Chinese as a foreign language: A case study of native Chinese teachers in Beijing. In H. Haberland, D. Lønsmann & B. Preisler (Eds.), Language alternation, language choice and language encounter in international tertiary education (pp. 161-177). Springer.
- Widdowson, H. (2015). ELF and the pragmatics of language variation. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 4(2), 359-372. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2015-0027
- Yoneoka, J. (2002). Englishes in Asia. The Linguistics Journal, 1-24.
- Zabitgil Gülseren, Ö., & Sarıca, T. (2020). Native Language Inclination of Students and Teachers at a Public Secondary School: Native Language (Turkish) Usage in English Language Lessons. In. V. Krystev, M. S. Dinu, R. Efe, & E. Atasoy (Eds). Advances in Social Science Research (pp.181-203). St. Kliment Ohridski University Press. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4603614
Turkish EFL Students' Perceptions of ELF and its Pedagogical Implications
Year 2021,
Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 482 - 500, 01.12.2021
Fikri Geckinli
,
Cevdet Yılmaz
Abstract
English has established itself as a lingua franca for people from a variety of linguistic and cultural origins in today's more globalized world. As a result, English's current position is likely to have an effect on both EFL students' perceptions of the language and its pedagogy. The purpose of this study was to elicit students' perspectives of English as a lingua franca (ELF) - defined as a common medium of communication for persons with varied linguistic and cultural origins - and its instructional implications. To do this, data were gathered through the use of a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire devised by the researcher. The survey sampled 570 Turkish EFL students enrolled in a foundation university's English preparatory program in the Istanbul province. The findings indicated that EFL students were unsure not just about English's standing as a lingua franca, but also about its instructional consequences. In other words, they were cautious to endorse such a novel concept. In light of these significant findings, implications for language teaching/learning scenarios were discussed, as well as ideas for additional research.
References
- Brumfit, C.J. (2001). Individual freedom in language teaching: Helping learners to develop a dialect of their own. Oxford University Press.
- Bruthiaux, P. (2003). Squaring the circles: Issues in modeling English worldwide. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(2), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/1473-4192.00042
- Bayyurt, Y., & Sifakis, N. C. (2015). Developing an ELF-aware pedagogy: Insights from a self-education programme. In Vettorel, P (Ed.), New frontiers in teaching and learning English (pp. 55-76). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Bayyurt, Y. (2008). A lingua franca or an international language: The status of English in Turkey [Paper presentation]. ELF Forum, Helsinki, Finland.
- Bayyurt, Y., & Sifakis, N. C. (2015). ELF-aware in-service teacher education: A transformative perspective. In H. Bowles, & A. Cogo (Eds.), International Perspectives on English as a Lingua Franca (pp. 117-135). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Babbie, E. R. (2010). The practice of social research (12th ed.). Wadsworth.
- Coşkun, A. (2011). Future English teachers' attitudes towards EIL pronunciation. Journal of English as an International Language, 6(2), 46-68.
- Canagarajah, S. A. (2006) Negotiating the local in English as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 26, 197–218. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190506000109
- Cogo, A. (2010). Strategic use and perceptions of English as a lingua franca. Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 46(3), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10010-010-0013-7
- Cunningham, U. (2009). Models and targets for English pronunciation in Vietnam and Sweden. Research in Language, 7, 113-128. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10015-009-0008-3
- Cogo, A. (2009). Accommodating difference in ELF conversations: A study of pragmatic strategies. In A. Mauranen & E. Ranta (Eds.). English as a Lingua Franca: Studies and findings (pp. 254-273). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Deniz, E. B., Özkan, Y., & Bayyurt, Y. (2016). English as a lingua franca: Reflections on ELF-related issues by pre-service English language teachers in turkey. The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 16(2), 144-161.
- Dewey, M. (2015). ELF, teacher knowledge and professional development. In H. Bowles & A. Cogo (Eds.), International perspectives on English as a Lingua Franca. Pedagogical insights (pp. 176-193). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford University Press.
- Griffiths, C., & Soruç, A. (2019) Contextual differences regarding students’ perceptions of English as a lingua franca according to subject major and nationality. The Journal of Language Learning and Teaching 9(1): 53–69.
- George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). Using SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Geçkinli, F. (2020). English as a lingua franca: Turkish EFL teachers’ and students’ perceptions. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Çanakkale, Turkey.
- Holliday, A. (2005). The struggle to teach English as an international language. Oxford University Press.
- Hemmati, F., & Mojarrad, H. (2016). E-learning and distance education: A study of Iranian teaching English as a Foreign Language Masters Students. Malaysian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjde2016.18.1.4
- İnceçay, G., & Akyel, A. S. (2014). Turkish EFL teachers’ perceptions of English as a lingua franca. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 5(1), 1-12.
- İnal D., & Özdemir E. (2015). Re/considering the English language teacher education programs in Turkey from an ELF standpoint: what do the academia, pre-service and in-service teachers think? In Bayyurt Y., Akcan S. (Eds.), Current perspectives on pedagogy for English as a Lingua Franca (pp. 135-152). De Gruyter Mouton.
- Jenkins, J. (2012). English as a Lingua Franca from the classroom to the classroom. ELT Journal, 66(4), 486-494.
- Jenkins, J. (2007). English as a lingua franca: Attitude and identity. Oxford University Press.
- Jenkins, J. (2006). Current perspectives on teaching world Englishes and English as a lingua franca. Tesol Quarterly, 40(1), 157-181.
- Jenkins, J. (2015). Repositioning English and multilingualism in English as a Lingua Franca. Englishes in Practice, 2(3), 49-85. https://doi.org/10.1515/eip-2015-0003
- Jenkins, J. (2003). World Englishes. Routledge.
- Jenkins, J. (2000). The phonology of English as an international language. Oxford University Press.
- Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. G. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures (pp. 11-30). Cambridge University Press.
- Kontra, E., & Csizer, K. (2011). They can achieve their aims without native skills in the field of work or studies: Hungarian students’ views on English as a lingua franca. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2011.1.1.8
- Kubota, R. (2016). The multi/plural turn, postcolonial theory, and neoliberal multiculturalism: Complicities and implications for applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 37(4), 474-494. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu045
- Levin, T., & Wadmany, R. (2006). Teachers’ beliefs and practices in technology-based classrooms: A developmental view. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39(2), 157-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2006.10782478
- Murata, M., & Jenkins, J. (2009). Global Englishes in Asian Contexts: Current and Future Debates. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Ferguson, G. (2013). Exploring ELF: Academic English shaped by Non-native Speakers Anna Mauranen. TESOL Quarterly, 47(2), 431-433. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.88
- Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2005). Second language research: Methodology and design. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Nguyen, Q. T. (2012). Awareness of world Englishes of Vietnamese users of English. Tap San Khoa hoc Xa Hoi va Nhan Van, 69-78.
- Ngo, L. H. P. (2013). An investigation into Vietnamese teachers’ and students’ perception of English as a lingua franca. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Southampton.
- Pung, C. S. (2009). Beyond the Three Circles: A New Model for World Englishes. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. National University of Singapore.
- Peterson, R. A. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Variance Accounted for and Factor Loadings in Exploratory Factor Analysis. Marketing Letters, 11(3), 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008191211004
- Pan, L., & Block, D. (2011). English as a “global language” in China: An investigation into learners’ and teachers’ language beliefs. System, 39(3), 391-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.07.011
- Pham, H. H. (2001). Teacher development: A real need for English Departments in Vietnam. English Teaching Forum, 39(4), 30-33.
- Phan, L. H. (2008). Teaching English as an International Language: Identity, resistance and negotiation. Multilingual Matters.
- Pinsonneault, A., & Kraemer, K. (1993). Survey research methodology in management information systems: An assessment. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(2), 75-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1993.11518001
- Ranta, E. (2010). English in the real world vs. English at school: Finnish English teachers’ and students’ views. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 20(2), 156-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2009.00235.x
- Soruç, A. (2015). Non-native Teachers’ Attitudes towards English as a Lingua Franca. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 30(1), 239-251.
- Soruç, A. (2020). English as a Lingua Franca and Good Language Teachers. In C. Griffiths & Z. Tajeddin (Eds.), Lessons from Good Language Teachers (pp. 67-79). Cambridge University Press.
- Soruç, A., & Griffiths, C. (2021). Inspiring Pre-service English Language Teachers to Become ELF aware. RELC Journal, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882211001966
- Seidlhofer, B. (2004). Research perspectives on teaching English as a Lingua Franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24(1), 209-239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190504000145
- Seidlhofer, B. (2011). Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford University Press.
- Sifakis, N. (2019) ELF awareness in English language teaching: Principles and processes. Applied Linguistics 40(2), 288-306.
- Sifakis, N. (2009). Challenges in teaching ELF in the periphery: the Greek context. ELT Journal, 63(3) 230–237.
- Timmis, I. (2002). Native-speaker norms and International English: a classroom view. ELT Journal, 56(3), 240-249. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.3.240
- Tran, T. L. (2000). A Vietnamese perspective on World Englishes. Teachers' Edition, 4, 26-32.
- Ton, N. N. H., & Pham, H. H. (2010). Vietnamese teachers’ and students’ perceptions of global English. Language Education in Asia, 1(1), 48-61.
- Widdowson, H. G. (2015). ELF and teaching: Principles and practice [Paper presentation]. 8th English as a Lingua Franca Conference. Beijing International Convention Center, Beijing, China.
- Wang, D. (2013). The use of English as a lingua franca in teaching Chinese as a foreign language: A case study of native Chinese teachers in Beijing. In H. Haberland, D. Lønsmann & B. Preisler (Eds.), Language alternation, language choice and language encounter in international tertiary education (pp. 161-177). Springer.
- Widdowson, H. (2015). ELF and the pragmatics of language variation. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 4(2), 359-372. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2015-0027
- Yoneoka, J. (2002). Englishes in Asia. The Linguistics Journal, 1-24.
- Zabitgil Gülseren, Ö., & Sarıca, T. (2020). Native Language Inclination of Students and Teachers at a Public Secondary School: Native Language (Turkish) Usage in English Language Lessons. In. V. Krystev, M. S. Dinu, R. Efe, & E. Atasoy (Eds). Advances in Social Science Research (pp.181-203). St. Kliment Ohridski University Press. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4603614