Research Article
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A Research on Metaphors for the “Future” Created by High School Students

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 367 - 389, 15.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.1072238

Abstract

Abstract. Adolescence is a period of significant changes, during which the individual makes many plans for the future. Some researches reveal that individuals in adolescence may also be prone to making wrong decisions, if they are deprived of the necessary guidance during this period. It can be a problematic period for the individual, parents, friends, relatives etc. Thus, the researchers think that the results of this study will guide various future studies. This period coincides with high school period taking The World Health Organization's definition of adolescence, grade levels and ages of students in our country into consideration. Moreover, metaphors which have an important place in daily life and are widely used, can be a research topic in various disciplines. The purpose of this research is to reveal the metaphors produced by high school students about future. The research data, have been collected from 144 high school students living in Turkey and analyzed by means of content analysis. At the end of the research, 96 metaphors have been created in fifteen categories on four themes. Finally, the findings have been discussed taking the results of various studies in the literature into consideration, and some suggestions have also been made.

References

  • References Adolescent health. (n.d.). Access: https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1
  • Bowdle, B. F. & Gentner, D. (1999). Metaphor comprehension: From comparison to categorization. Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 90-95.
  • Büyük, B. & Çelik, E. (2021). The future perception of gifted individuals and society about gifted individuals. International Journal of Educational Research Review,6(2),143-154.
  • Connelly, L. M. (2010). What is phenomenology? . Medsurg Nursing, 19(2), 127-129.
  • Crone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2012). Understanding adolescence as a period of social–affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature reviews neuroscience, 13(9), 636-650. Doi: 10.1038/nrn3313
  • Denshire, S. (2002). Metaphors we live by: ways of imagining practice. Qualitative Research Journal, 2(2), 28-46.
  • Dexter, S., & LaMagdeleine, D. R. (2002). Dominance theater, slam-a-thon, and cargo cults: Three illustrations of how using conceptual metaphors in qualitative research works. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(3), 362–380. Doi:10.1177/107780040080030010
  • Diekema, D. (1989). Metaphors, medicine, and morals. Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 72(1), 17-24.
  • EURYDICE, (n.d.), Turkey-Overview, Retrieved July, 23, 2021, from EURYDICE website: https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/turkey_en
  • Forman, J. & Damschroder, L. (2008). Qualitative content analysis. L., Jacoby, L., A., Siminoff (Eds.), In Advances in bioethics (Vol. 11) Empirical methods for bioethics: A primer (39-62). UK: Emerald Group Publishing.
  • Glucksberg, S. & McGlone, M., S. (2011). Understanding figurative language from metaphors to idioms. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hsieh, H, -F. & Shannon, S., E, (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Patient Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288. Doi: 10.1177/1049732305276687
  • Husman, J. & Shell, D., F. (2008). Beliefs and perceptions about the future: A measurement of future time perspective. Learning and Individual Differences, 18(2), 166-175. Doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2007.08.001
  • Konate, A., D. & Ergin, D., A. (2018). Ergenler için “Gelecek beklentisi farkındalık eğitimi” programının etkinliğinin sınanması. Yaratıcı Drama Dergisi, 13(1), 69-87. doi:10.21612/yader.2018.005
  • Kracke, B. (1997). Parental behaviors and adolescents’ career exploration. Career Development Quarterly, 45, 341–350.
  • Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. USA: University of Chigago Press.
  • Lander, D. (2000). Mixed metaphors for reading and writing the qualitative thesis in adult education. Studies in the Education of Adults, 32(2), 148-165. Doi: 10.1080/02660830.2000.11661427
  • Leclerc, B, S. & Dassa, C. (2010). Interrater reliability in in content analysis of healthcare service quality using Montreal’s conceptual framework. The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 24(2), 81-101.
  • Leino, A. L. & Drakenberg, M. (1993). Metaphor: An educational perspective. (Research Bulletin 84). Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Department of Education
  • Marshall, M., N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice, 13(6), 522–526, Doi:10.1093/fampra/13.6.522
  • McCabe, K. & Barnett, D. (2000). First comes work, then comes marriage: Future orientation among African American young adolescents. Family Relations, 49, 63-72.
  • McGlone, M. S. (2007). What is the explanatory value of a conceptual metaphor?. Language & Communication, 27(2), 109-126. Doi: 10.1016/j.langcom.2006.02.016
  • Morgan, D., L. (1993). Qualitative content analysis: A guide to paths not taken. Qualitative Health Research, 3(1), 112–121. Doi: 10.1177/104973239300300107
  • Nurmi, J., E., Poole, M., E. & Kalakoski, V. (1993). Age differences in adolescent future-oriented goals, concerns, and related temporal extension in different sociocultural contexts. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23(4), 471-487.
  • O’Connor, C. & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliabiltyin qualitative research: Debates and practical gidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1-13. Doi: 10.1177/1609406919899220
  • Ogurlu, U. (2016). Hopelessness and future expectations among gifted middle school students. Turkish Journal of Education, 5(1), 4-17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.30206
  • Patton, M., Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods(3rd Ed.). USA: Sage Publications.
  • Rafelli, M. & Koller, S., H. (2005). Future expectations of Brasilian street youth. Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), 249-262. Doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.02.007
  • Richardson, L. (1990). Writing strategies: Reaching diverse audiences. USA: Sage Publications.
  • Sandelowski, M. (1995). Focus on qualitative methods sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health, 18, 179-183. Doi: 10.1002/nur.4770180211
  • Seginer, R. (2003). Adolescent future orientation: an integrated cultural and ecological perspective. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 11, Chapter 5). Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington.
  • Seginer, R. (1988). Adolescents facing the future: Cultural and sociopolitical perspective. Youth and Society, 19, 314–333.
  • Steger, T. (2007). The stories metaphors tell: Metaphors as a tool to decipher tacit aspects in narratives. Field Methods, 19(1), 3–23. Doi:10.1177/1525822X06292788
  • Steinberg, L., Graham, S., O'Brien, L., Woolard, J., Cauffman, E., & Banich, M. (2009). Age Differences in Future Orientation and Delay Discounting. Child Development, 80(1), 28-44.
  • Suri, H. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11(2), 63-75. Doi:10.3316/QRJ1102063
  • Şimşek, H. (2012). Future expectations of high school students in southeastern Turkey: Factors behind future expectations. Kuramsal Egitimbilim Dergisi, 5(1), 90-109.
  • Topgül, S. (2010). Çalışma ekonomisi ve endüstri ilişkileri öğrencilerinin gelecek, istihdam ve mesleğe ilişkin metaforik algıları. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 8(1), 100-117.
  • Yam, Z., Çetinkaya, H. & Kurnaz, A. (2018). Özel yetenekli öğrencilerin “Gelecek” kavramına ilişkin algılarının metaforik olarak incelenmesi, Milli Eğitim, 1. 67-91.

Lise Öğrencilerinin Geleceğe İlişkin Ürettikleri Metaforlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 367 - 389, 15.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.1072238

Abstract

Ergenlik bireyin yaşamındaki önemli değişimlerin yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Ergenlik döneminde birey geleceğe ilişkin birçok plan yapar. Bazı araştırma sonuçları ergenlik dönemindeki bireylerin yanlış kararlar almaya eğilimli olabileceğini, bireye bu dönemde gerekli rehberlik yapılmadığı takdirde hem bireyin kendisi, ebeveynleri, arkadaşları ve akrabaları için problemli bir döneme dönüşebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle bu araştırmanın sonuçlarının gelecekte yapılacak çeşitli araştırmalara yön vereceği düşünülmektedir. Dünya sağlık örgütünün ergenlik dönemi tarifi ve ülkemizde öğrencilerin sınıf seviyeleri ve yaşları birlikte değerlendirildiğinde bu dönemin lise eğitimi içinde bir döneme rastladığını söylemek yanlış olmaz. Diğer taraftan günlük yaşamda önemli bir yer tutan ve oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılan metaforlar çeşitli disiplinlerde araştırma konusu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bireyin yaşamında önemli bir yer tutan ve ergenlik dönemini de içine alan lise öğrencilerinin geleceğe ilişkin ürettikleri metaforları ortaya çıkarmak bu araştırmanın temel amacıdır. Nitel araştırma deseninde tasarlanan bu araştırmanın verileri Türkiye'de öğrenim gören 144 lise öğrencisinden elde edilmiş ve içerik analizi yönteminden yararlanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda dört tema altında toplanan on beş kategoride 96 metafor oluşturulmuştur. Son olarak araştırma bulguları literatürde yer alan çeşitli araştırma sonuçları ile birlikte değerlendirilerek çeşitli öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

References

  • References Adolescent health. (n.d.). Access: https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1
  • Bowdle, B. F. & Gentner, D. (1999). Metaphor comprehension: From comparison to categorization. Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 90-95.
  • Büyük, B. & Çelik, E. (2021). The future perception of gifted individuals and society about gifted individuals. International Journal of Educational Research Review,6(2),143-154.
  • Connelly, L. M. (2010). What is phenomenology? . Medsurg Nursing, 19(2), 127-129.
  • Crone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2012). Understanding adolescence as a period of social–affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature reviews neuroscience, 13(9), 636-650. Doi: 10.1038/nrn3313
  • Denshire, S. (2002). Metaphors we live by: ways of imagining practice. Qualitative Research Journal, 2(2), 28-46.
  • Dexter, S., & LaMagdeleine, D. R. (2002). Dominance theater, slam-a-thon, and cargo cults: Three illustrations of how using conceptual metaphors in qualitative research works. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(3), 362–380. Doi:10.1177/107780040080030010
  • Diekema, D. (1989). Metaphors, medicine, and morals. Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 72(1), 17-24.
  • EURYDICE, (n.d.), Turkey-Overview, Retrieved July, 23, 2021, from EURYDICE website: https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/turkey_en
  • Forman, J. & Damschroder, L. (2008). Qualitative content analysis. L., Jacoby, L., A., Siminoff (Eds.), In Advances in bioethics (Vol. 11) Empirical methods for bioethics: A primer (39-62). UK: Emerald Group Publishing.
  • Glucksberg, S. & McGlone, M., S. (2011). Understanding figurative language from metaphors to idioms. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hsieh, H, -F. & Shannon, S., E, (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Patient Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288. Doi: 10.1177/1049732305276687
  • Husman, J. & Shell, D., F. (2008). Beliefs and perceptions about the future: A measurement of future time perspective. Learning and Individual Differences, 18(2), 166-175. Doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2007.08.001
  • Konate, A., D. & Ergin, D., A. (2018). Ergenler için “Gelecek beklentisi farkındalık eğitimi” programının etkinliğinin sınanması. Yaratıcı Drama Dergisi, 13(1), 69-87. doi:10.21612/yader.2018.005
  • Kracke, B. (1997). Parental behaviors and adolescents’ career exploration. Career Development Quarterly, 45, 341–350.
  • Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. USA: University of Chigago Press.
  • Lander, D. (2000). Mixed metaphors for reading and writing the qualitative thesis in adult education. Studies in the Education of Adults, 32(2), 148-165. Doi: 10.1080/02660830.2000.11661427
  • Leclerc, B, S. & Dassa, C. (2010). Interrater reliability in in content analysis of healthcare service quality using Montreal’s conceptual framework. The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 24(2), 81-101.
  • Leino, A. L. & Drakenberg, M. (1993). Metaphor: An educational perspective. (Research Bulletin 84). Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Department of Education
  • Marshall, M., N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice, 13(6), 522–526, Doi:10.1093/fampra/13.6.522
  • McCabe, K. & Barnett, D. (2000). First comes work, then comes marriage: Future orientation among African American young adolescents. Family Relations, 49, 63-72.
  • McGlone, M. S. (2007). What is the explanatory value of a conceptual metaphor?. Language & Communication, 27(2), 109-126. Doi: 10.1016/j.langcom.2006.02.016
  • Morgan, D., L. (1993). Qualitative content analysis: A guide to paths not taken. Qualitative Health Research, 3(1), 112–121. Doi: 10.1177/104973239300300107
  • Nurmi, J., E., Poole, M., E. & Kalakoski, V. (1993). Age differences in adolescent future-oriented goals, concerns, and related temporal extension in different sociocultural contexts. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23(4), 471-487.
  • O’Connor, C. & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliabiltyin qualitative research: Debates and practical gidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1-13. Doi: 10.1177/1609406919899220
  • Ogurlu, U. (2016). Hopelessness and future expectations among gifted middle school students. Turkish Journal of Education, 5(1), 4-17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.30206
  • Patton, M., Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods(3rd Ed.). USA: Sage Publications.
  • Rafelli, M. & Koller, S., H. (2005). Future expectations of Brasilian street youth. Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), 249-262. Doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.02.007
  • Richardson, L. (1990). Writing strategies: Reaching diverse audiences. USA: Sage Publications.
  • Sandelowski, M. (1995). Focus on qualitative methods sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health, 18, 179-183. Doi: 10.1002/nur.4770180211
  • Seginer, R. (2003). Adolescent future orientation: an integrated cultural and ecological perspective. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 11, Chapter 5). Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington.
  • Seginer, R. (1988). Adolescents facing the future: Cultural and sociopolitical perspective. Youth and Society, 19, 314–333.
  • Steger, T. (2007). The stories metaphors tell: Metaphors as a tool to decipher tacit aspects in narratives. Field Methods, 19(1), 3–23. Doi:10.1177/1525822X06292788
  • Steinberg, L., Graham, S., O'Brien, L., Woolard, J., Cauffman, E., & Banich, M. (2009). Age Differences in Future Orientation and Delay Discounting. Child Development, 80(1), 28-44.
  • Suri, H. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11(2), 63-75. Doi:10.3316/QRJ1102063
  • Şimşek, H. (2012). Future expectations of high school students in southeastern Turkey: Factors behind future expectations. Kuramsal Egitimbilim Dergisi, 5(1), 90-109.
  • Topgül, S. (2010). Çalışma ekonomisi ve endüstri ilişkileri öğrencilerinin gelecek, istihdam ve mesleğe ilişkin metaforik algıları. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 8(1), 100-117.
  • Yam, Z., Çetinkaya, H. & Kurnaz, A. (2018). Özel yetenekli öğrencilerin “Gelecek” kavramına ilişkin algılarının metaforik olarak incelenmesi, Milli Eğitim, 1. 67-91.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Celalettin Çelebi 0000-0002-2189-6403

Fatih Yılmaz 0000-0001-7852-6756

Mustafa Doğan This is me 0000-0002-8797-1314

Publication Date August 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çelebi, C., Yılmaz, F., & Doğan, M. (2022). A Research on Metaphors for the “Future” Created by High School Students. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 12(2), 367-389. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.1072238