Investigation of the Targeted Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Against Breast Cancer Using DFT and Molecular Docking Methods

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In this study, its structural, electronic, nonlinear optical (NLO), and biological properties were investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking analyses. Quantum chemical calculations were performed with the Gaussian 09 software package using the CAM-B3LYP and PBEPBE functionals in combination with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The optimized molecular structure was used to determine Mulliken atomic charges, frontier molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energies, and global reactivity descriptors. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analysis was carried out to identify the reactive regions of the molecule, while the dipole moment, mean polarizability, and first-order hyperpolarizability were calculated to evaluate its NLO properties. Molecular docking simulations against the breast cancer-related target proteins PDB: 6O0K and PDB: 2O21 were performed to investigate the binding affinity and ligand–protein interactions of chlorogenic acid. The obtained results provide valuable insights into the electronic characteristics, chemical reactivity, and biological potential of chlorogenic acid, highlighting its promise as a candidate for breast cancer-related therapeutic applications.

Keywords

• Chlorogenic acid
• Density Functional Theory (DFT)
• Molecular docking
• Breast cancer
• HOMO–LUMO

Klorojenik Asidin Meme Kanserine Karşı Hedeflenen Etkisinin DFT ve Moleküler Yerleştirme Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Araştırılması

Abstract

Klorojenik asit, antioksidan, antienflamatuvar ve antikanser özellikleriyle dikkat çeken doğal bir polifenolik bileşiktir. Bu çalışmada, klorojenik asidin yapısal, elektronik, doğrusal olmayan optik (NLO) ve biyolojik özellikleri Yoğunluk Fonksiyoneli Teorisi (DFT) hesaplamaları ve moleküler kenetlenme analizleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Kuantum kimyasal hesaplamalar Gaussian 09 programında CAM-B3LYP ve PBEPBE fonksiyonelleri ile 6-31G(d,p) temel seti düzeyinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Optimize edilen moleküler yapı kullanılarak Mulliken atomik yük dağılımları, sınır moleküler orbital (HOMO–LUMO) enerjileri ve küresel reaktivite parametreleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, Moleküler Elektrostatik Potansiyel (MEP) analizi ile molekülün reaktif bölgeleri belirlenmiş; dipol moment, ortalama polarize edilebilirlik ve birinci dereceden hiperpolarize edilebilirlik değerleri hesaplanarak doğrusal olmayan optik özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Klorojenik asidin biyolojik aktivitesini araştırmak amacıyla meme kanseri ile ilişkili hedef proteinler PDB: 6O0K ve PDB: 2O21 üzerinde moleküler kenetlenme çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş, bağlanma afiniteleri ve ligand–protein etkileşimleri ayrıntılı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, klorojenik asidin elektronik yapısı, kimyasal reaktivitesi ve biyolojik potansiyeli hakkında önemli bilgiler sunmakta olup, meme kanserine yönelik potansiyel bir terapötik aday olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Klorojenik asit
• Yoğunluk Fonksiyonel Teorisi (DFT)
• Moleküler kenetlenme
• Meme kanseri
• HOMO–LUMO

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