GENERAL WRITING GUIDELINES
Detailed Writing Rules:
• Page Margins: The top, bottom, left, and right margins must each be set to 1 cm.
• Title: The Turkish main title (article title) must be centered, bold, with the first letter of each word capitalized, in Times New Roman, 12-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and after, and single line spacing. The English main title (article title) must be centered, italicized, in Times New Roman, 12-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and after, and single line spacing. Main section headings (Introduction and other major headings) must have the first letter of each word capitalized, be bold, left-aligned, in Times New Roman, 12-point font, with 12 pt spacing before and 6 pt after, and single line spacing. The Introduction and Conclusion sections should not be numbered, whereas other main headings should be numbered as 1., 2., 3., etc. Subheadings must have the first letter of each word capitalized, be bold, left-aligned, in Times New Roman, 12-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and after, and single line spacing. These subheadings should be numbered as 1.1., 1.2., 1.3., etc. The Introduction and Conclusion sections must not contain subheadings. Second-level subheadings must have the first letter of each word capitalized, be bold and italicized, left-aligned, in Times New Roman, 12-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and after, and single line spacing. These headings should be numbered as 1.1.1., 1.1.2., 1.1.3., etc.
• Footnotes: Footnotes must be in Times New Roman, 8-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and after, single line spacing, and justified alignment. They should be numbered consecutively as 1, 2, 3, etc.
• Main Text: The main text must be written in Times New Roman, 11-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and after, single line spacing, and justified alignment.
• Alignment: The document must have 1 cm margins on all sides. Page numbers should appear at the bottom right of each page. The first page of the manuscript should not be numbered; numbering should begin on the second page with page number 2. Except for the abstract, each paragraph should begin with a 1 cm tab indentation. Paragraphs should have 6 pt spacing before and after.
• Abstract and Keywords: The headings ABSTRACT and ÖZET must be written in uppercase, bold, italicized, medium-aligned, Times New Roman, 10-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and after, and single line spacing. The Turkish and English abstract texts must be justified, in Times New Roman, 10-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and after, and single line spacing. Each abstract must contain a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 words. Below each abstract, include at least 3 and no more than 5 keywords, as well as 3 to 5 JEL classification codes. English equivalents of the abstract and keywords must also be provided. For manuscripts written in Turkish, the Turkish title and abstract must appear first, followed by the English title and abstract.
• Figures, Tables, Maps, etc.: Figures, tables, maps, and similar visual materials must not extend beyond the text area. The text within tables must be in Times New Roman, 8–10-point font. Only the first word of the table title should begin with a capital letter; the remaining words should begin with lowercase letters. Table titles must appear above the table, left-aligned, in Times New Roman, 10-point font, with 6 pt spacing before and 0 pt after, using single line spacing. Table borders and shading should have a thickness of 1 pt. If a source is cited, it should appear below the table in Times New Roman, 10-point font, with 0 pt spacing before and 6 pt after, using single line spacing.
• Figures/Graphs: Figures and graphs should generally be centered on the page (except in exceptional cases). Figure or graph captions must appear below the figure, centered, in Times New Roman, 10-point font, with 0 pt spacing before and after, and single line spacing. If a source is cited, it should appear below the figure, centered, in Times New Roman, 10-point font, with 0 pt spacing before and 6 pt after.
• Equations: Mathematical expressions and equations must be prepared in Times New Roman, 10-point font, justified, with single line spacing, 6 pt spacing before and after, and without paragraph indentation. Every equation must be numbered consecutively (1, 2, 3, …).
• Author Names: The name(s) and surname(s) of the author(s) must appear directly below the article title, centered, bold, in Times New Roman, 10-point font, with single line spacing. A footnote should provide the author's academic title, institutional affiliation, e-mail address, and ORCID ID. Author information must not appear in the full-text manuscript; it should be included only on the cover page. Following successful peer review and acceptance for publication, author information will be added by the layout editor.
• Studies Derived from Theses or Other Academic Works: If the manuscript is derived from a graduate thesis, conference paper, or another scientific study, this should be indicated in a footnote attached to the title. However, this information must appear only on the cover page and not in the full-text manuscript.
• Explanatory Notes: If necessary, explanatory notes should be provided as footnotes at the bottom of the page in 8-point font.
• Direct Quotations: Direct quotations should be incorporated into the text using parenthetical citation style.
The language used throughout the manuscript must be clear, concise, and consistent with academic writing standards. Spelling and punctuation should conform to the guidelines of the Turkish Language Association (TDK).
The manuscript should consist of the following sections: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. When applicable, an Acknowledgments section should be included after the main text and before the References.
The References section must begin on a new page at the end of the manuscript and be prepared in accordance with the APA 7th edition guidelines.
The following files must be submitted in full when uploading the manuscript:
- Cover Page: The cover page must include the Turkish and English abstracts as well as the author(s)' information.
- Full Text: The manuscript must be prepared in accordance with the journal's author guidelines.
The official manuscript template must be used when preparing the full text.
The full-text manuscript must not contain any author information.
If the study is derived from a thesis, conference paper, or similar academic work, this information must also be omitted from the full-text manuscript.
3.Copyright Transfer Statement: The Copyright Transfer Statement must be signed with a handwritten signature and uploaded as a PDF file.
4.Declaration of No Requirement for Ethics Committee Approval: If the study requires ethics committee approval, the ethics committee approval document must be uploaded. If ethics committee approval is not required, a signed Declaration of No Requirement for Ethics Committee Approval must be uploaded as a PDF file.
In addition, this statement must be included in the relevant section of the full-text manuscript.
5.Artificial Intelligence Usage Ethics Declaration Form: This form must bear a handwritten signature.
All manuscripts submitted to the journal are screened using plagiarism detection software. The overall plagiarism/similarity index must not exceed 20%. In addition, the similarity index from any single source must not exceed 3%. Manuscripts exceeding these thresholds will be rejected. Plagiarism/similarity reports are generated using Turnitin and iThenticate software.
Author Changes: Requests for changes in authorship are considered only before the manuscript has been accepted for publication. Authors are strongly advised to carefully review both the list and the order of authors prior to submission and to provide the final and definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission.
Note: If any of the required documents are missing, the manuscript will be returned to the author for revision and completion.