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Digital Transformation in International Trade and the Role of Blockchain Technology

Year 2025, Issue: 1, 14 - 25, 30.09.2025

Abstract

Today, international trade is undergoing a significant transformation due to digitalization. As globalization accelerates, trade processes are becoming more complex, dynamic, and multi-stakeholder. This increases the importance of concepts such as reliability, transparency, and efficiency. Blockchain is one of the most prominent technologies attracting attention as a pioneer of radical changes in international trade. Blockchain technology makes commercial transactions more secure, traceable, and faster by offering innovations in areas such as supply chain management, cross-border payment systems, customs procedures, and smart contracts. Blockchain's decentralization, data integrity, and tamper-proof structure make it easier to build trust between parties, decrease transaction costs, and accelerate the digital integration of processes. This study examines the potential impact of blockchain technology on the current structure of international trade. It analyzes technology-based opportunities and the technical, legal, and institutional challenges encountered during implementation. Ultimately, the study presents recommendations for more effectively using this technology and makes suggestions for policymakers and private sector actors.

References

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Uluslararası Ticarette Dijital Dönüşüm ve Blockchain Teknolojisinin Rolü

Year 2025, Issue: 1, 14 - 25, 30.09.2025

Abstract

Günümüzde dijitalleşmenin etkisiyle uluslararası ticaret önemli bir dönüşüm sürecinden geçmektedir. Küreselleşmenin ivme kazanmasıyla birlikte ticaret süreçleri daha karmaşık, dinamik ve çok aktörlü bir yapıya bürünmüş; bu da güvenilirlik, şeffaflık ve verimlilik gibi kavramların önemini artırmıştır. Bu bağlamda öne çıkan teknolojilerden biri olan blockchain, uluslararası ticarette köklü değişimlerin öncüsü olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Söz konusu teknoloji; tedarik zinciri yönetimi, sınır ötesi ödeme sistemleri, gümrük prosedürleri ve akıllı sözleşmeler gibi alanlarda sunduğu yeniliklerle ticari işlemleri daha güvenli, izlenebilir ve hızlı hale getirmektedir. Blockchain'in sunduğu merkeziyetsizlik, veri bütünlüğü ve manipülasyona kapalı yapı sayesinde, taraflar arasında güven inşa edilmesi kolaylaşmakta, işlem maliyetleri düşmekte ve süreçlerin dijital entegrasyonu hız kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, uluslararası ticaretin mevcut yapısında blockchain teknolojisinin yaratabileceği dönüşümleri kapsamlı biçimde ele almakta; bu bağlamda hem teknolojiye dayalı fırsatları hem de uygulama süreçlerinde karşılaşılan teknik, hukuki ve kurumsal zorlukları analiz etmektedir. Çalışmanın sonunda ise, bu teknolojinin daha etkin kullanımı için yapılması gerekenler ve politika yapıcılar ile özel sektör aktörlerine yönelik öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

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Supporting Institution

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Thanks

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References

  • Açar, Z. and Clarke, O. (2021). Applicability of blockchain technology in the global logistics systems.. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.12.04.24
  • Agu, E., Idemudia, C., & Obeng, S. (2024). The revolutionary role of digital transformation in financing small and medium enterprises (smes). International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(8), 2476-2487. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v6i8.1366
  • Allen, D., Berg, C., Davidson, S., Novak, M., & Potts, J. (2019). International policy coordination for blockchain supply chains. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 6(3), 367-380. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.281
  • Andrew, D. (2024). Blockchain technology in supply chain management. Journal of Technology and Systems, 6(5), 42-56. https://doi.org/10.47941/jts.2148
  • Azrag, M., Shareef, S., Ann, J., & Masrom, S. (2023). A novel blockchain-based framework for enhancing supply chain management. International Journal of Computer Engineering in Research Trends, 10(6), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.22362/ijcert/2023/v10/i06/v10i0604
  • Bardakçı, H. (2018). Öz Yetenek Oluşturma Stratejisi Olarak İnovasyonun Önemi: Büyük Ölçekli İşletmeler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi, 2(3), 39-52.
  • Bardakçı, H., (2019) İnovasyon ve Öz yeteneğe dair her şey, Cinius yayınları, Ekim, İstanbul.
  • Barut, A., Torusdağ, M., & Bardakçi, H. (2020). Finansal gelişme ekonomik büyüme ve vergi gelirleri ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. Vergi Sorunları Dergisi, 43(387), 94-103.
  • Bidry, M., Ouaguid, A., & Hanine, M. (2023). Enhancing e-learning with blockchain: characteristics, projects, and emerging trends. Future Internet, 15(9), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090293
  • Bischoff, O. and Seuring, S. (2021). Opportunities and limitations of public blockchain-based supply chain traceability. Modern Supply Chain Research and Applications, 3(3), 226-243. https://doi.org/10.1108/mscra-07-2021-0014
  • Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., Vecchio, P., Oropallo, E., & Secundo, G. (2022). Blockchain technology for bridging trust, traceability and transparency in circular supply chain. Information & Management, 59(7), 103508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103508
  • Chan, K., Abdullah, J., & Shahid, A. (2019). A framework for traceable and transparent supply chain management for agri-food sector in malaysia using blockchain technology. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2019.0101120
  • Chang, S., Luo, H., & Chen, Y. (2019). Blockchain-enabled trade finance innovation: a potential paradigm shift on using letter of credit. Sustainability, 12(1), 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010188
  • Chen, H. (2023). Blockchain technology and small and medium enterprises access to finance. Advances in Economics Management and Political Sciences, 8(1), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/8/20230297
  • Chen, Q. (2024). Fintech innovation in micro and small business financing. IJGEM, 2(1), 284-290. https://doi.org/10.62051/ijgem.v2n1.36
  • Dinesha, D. and Balachandra, P. (2023). Decentralized token exchanges in blockchain enabled interconnected smart microgrids.. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.21896064
  • Ehsan, I., Khalid, M., Ricci, L., Iqbal, J., Alabrah, A., Ullah, S., … & Alfakih, T. (2022). A conceptual model for blockchain-based agriculture food supply chain system. Scientific Programming, 2022, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7358354
  • Ellahi, R., Wood, L., & Bekhit, A. (2023). Blockchain-based frameworks for food traceability: a systematic review. Foods, 12(16), 3026. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12163026
  • European Commission (2023). Blockchain Strategy for Europe.
  • Guo, C., Liu, Y., Na, M., & Song, J. (2023). Dual-layer index for efficient traceability query of food supply chain based on blockchain. Foods, 12(11), 2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12112267
  • Halkiopoulos, C., Antonopoulou, H., & Kostopoulos, N. (2023). Utilizing blockchain technology in various applications to secure data flows. a comprehensive analysis. Technium Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 11, 44-55. https://doi.org/10.47577/technium.v11i.9132
  • Hassam, S., Talip, A., Jamaludin, M., & Antara, P. (2024). Blockchain revolutionizing supply chain management: a bibliometric review of emerging research trends and challenges. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 9(SI19), 93-101. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9isi19.5774
  • Helo, P. and Hao, Y. (2019). Blockchains in operations and supply chains: a model and reference implementation. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 136, 242-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.07.023
  • Ibrahim, I. and Truby, J. (2021). Governance in the era of blockchain technology in qatar: a roadmap and a manual for trade finance. Journal of Banking Regulation, 23(4), 419-438. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00165-1
  • IMDA Singapore (2022). TradeTrust Initiative Report. Singapore Government.
  • Ioannou, I. and Demirel, G. (2022). Blockchain and supply chain finance: a critical literature review at the intersection of operations, finance and law. Journal of Banking and Financial Technology, 6(1), 83-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42786-022-00040-1
  • Issaoui, Y., Khiat, A., Bahnasse, A., & Ouajji, H. (2020). Smart logistics: blockchain trends and applications. Journal of Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, 12(2), 09-15. https://doi.org/10.5383/juspn.12.02.002
  • Jiao, Y. (2024). The impact of blockchain technology: cross-border payments, digital currencies, and financial risks. Advances in Economics Management and Political Sciences, 85(1), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/85/20240828
  • Kaur, J., Kumar, S., Narkhede, B., Dabić, M., Rathore, A., & Joshi, R. (2022). Barriers to blockchain adoption for supply chain finance: the case of indian smes. Electronic Commerce Research, 24(1), 303-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-022-09566-4
  • Khandelwal, H., Mittal, K., Agrawal, S., & Jain, H. (2020). Certificate verification system using blockchain., 251-257. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3125-5_27
  • Kouhizadeh, M. and Sarkis, J. (2018). Blockchain practices, potentials, and perspectives in greening supply chains. Sustainability, 10(10), 3652. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103652
  • Kozhanov, N. and Woebbeking, F. (2021). Some aspects of using blockchain in supply chain management in the framework of achieving sustainable development goals. E3s Web of Conferences, 296, 06012. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606012
  • Li, D. and Guo, H. (2024). Blockchain technology in international trade: a catalyst for efficiency and revenue generation. IJSASR, 4(1), 43-64. https://doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2024.3626
  • Li, Y. and Chen, T. (2022). Blockchain empowers supply chains: challenges, opportunities and prospects. Nankai Business Review International, 14(2), 230-248. https://doi.org/10.1108/nbri-06-2022-0066
  • Lin, W., Huang, X., Fang, H., Wang, V., Hua, Y., Wang, J., … & Yau, L. (2020). Blockchain technology in current agricultural systems: from techniques to applications. Ieee Access, 8, 143920-143937. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014522
  • Liu, G., Li, Z., & Chen, J. (2023). Dual-channel decisions under blockchain and returns. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2023, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5567263
  • Liu, Q. (2023). Blockchain-based safety production supervision system for power plants., 30. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2669616
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Comparative Economic Systems, International Finance
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hasan Bardakçı 0000-0002-6181-3115

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date August 4, 2025
Acceptance Date September 23, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bardakçı, H. (2025). Uluslararası Ticarette Dijital Dönüşüm ve Blockchain Teknolojisinin Rolü. Tahlil(1), 14-25.