Research Article

Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey

Volume: 2 Number: 1 June 4, 2023
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Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey

Abstract

The meeting organized in Gezi Park on May 27th, 2013 to protest the construction of a mall in the historical park has turned into a nationwide collective movement with a gradual increase in the number of participants from different ages, classes, and political backgrounds in an era in which the young were claimed to be apolitical in comparison to the 1968 generation of Turkey. The phenomenon did not only draw the attention of the international press and news during those times but also turned into an outstanding and popular topic for academic studies. Therefore, there are several publications analyzing the Gezi Uprising and the profile, psychology, and motivation of Gezi participants. Using critical mass theory to analyze the data collected through literature review, this study examines the collective action and interdependence of the heterogeneous participant profiles with different motivations in order to understand how the Gezi protests of 2013 emerged as the largest social movement of Turkish political and social history. This study does not aim to fully answer why there are no large-scale demonstrations despite the rate of discontent in today’s Turkey being much higher than that of 2013; however, critical mass theory certainly provides sufficient background to interpret participation in social movements en masse in the post-Cold War era when there is no political leader and organization leading the uprisings.

Keywords

References

  1. Akpınar, T. [@TaylanAkpınar]. (2016, May 31). Hasta Siempre - Comandante Che Guevara (Gezi Parkı Direnişi) [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJbyJh18BCs.
  2. Bayat, A. (2017). Revolutions without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring. Stanford University Press.
  3. Baysu, G. (2017, April). Gezi Protestolarına Katılanların Politik Profilleri ve Demokratik Tutumları/ Political Profiles and Democratic Attitudes of the Participants in the Gezi Protests. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 20(1), 78-91.
  4. Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, 7 November 1982, https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5be0.html.
  5. Eken, B. (2014). The Politics of the Gezi Parkı Resistance: Against Memory and Identity. South Atlantic Quarterly, 113(2), 427-436.
  6. Erdoğan, E. (2015). Siyasal Psikoloji Siyasal Katılım Hakkında Ne Öğretebilir? Gezi Protestoları'na Katılanlar Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme/ What Can Political Psychology Teach About Political Participation? An Evaluation of Participants in the Gezi Protests. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1), 31-58.
  7. European Union: European Parliament, European Parliament Resolution on the Situation in Turkey, 13 June 2013, RC-B7-0305/2013, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-7-2013-0277_EN.html  
  8. Kurzman, C. (2005). The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran. Harvard University Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Social Movement

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 4, 2023

Submission Date

January 14, 2023

Acceptance Date

March 23, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 2 Number: 1

APA
Kulak, Ö. (2023). Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey. TAM Akademi Dergisi, 2(1), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.58239/tamde.2023.03.009.x
AMA
1.Kulak Ö. Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey. TAMDE. 2023;2(1):160-169. doi:10.58239/tamde.2023.03.009.x
Chicago
Kulak, Özge. 2023. “Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey”. TAM Akademi Dergisi 2 (1): 160-69. https://doi.org/10.58239/tamde.2023.03.009.x.
EndNote
Kulak Ö (June 1, 2023) Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey. TAM Akademi Dergisi 2 1 160–169.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Kulak, “Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey”, TAMDE, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 160–169, June 2023, doi: 10.58239/tamde.2023.03.009.x.
ISNAD
Kulak, Özge. “Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey”. TAM Akademi Dergisi 2/1 (June 1, 2023): 160-169. https://doi.org/10.58239/tamde.2023.03.009.x.
JAMA
1.Kulak Ö. Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey. TAMDE. 2023;2:160–169.
MLA
Kulak, Özge. “Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey”. TAM Akademi Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 1, June 2023, pp. 160-9, doi:10.58239/tamde.2023.03.009.x.
Vancouver
1.Özge Kulak. Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey. TAMDE. 2023 Jun. 1;2(1):160-9. doi:10.58239/tamde.2023.03.009.x

Indices   

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