Çiftçiler İçin Girişimcilik Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi ve Çiftlik Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Hian Chye Koh (2006) tarafından geliştirilen girişimcilik ölçeği üzerinden geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği sınanmış Türkçe versiyon yeni bir girişimcilik ölçeği geliştirmektir. Ayrıca yeni geliştirilen bu ölçek yardımıyla girişimciliği oluşturan karakteristik özelliklerin (girişimci oryantasyonu) girişimci performansına etkisini ortaya koyan bir model denemesi üzerinde çalışılacaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Aydın, Manisa, Denizli ve Kütahya bölgelerinde üretim faaliyetlerini sürdüren 273 çiftçi oluşturmaktadır. Ölçme aracının yapı geçerliğini belirlemek amacıyla faktör analizi; güvenirlik için ise Cronbach's Alfa katsayısı incelenmiştir. Nihai olarak ölçme aracının beş alt boyuttan ve 15 maddeden oluştuğu; açıkladığı toplam varyansın ise %78.65 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla Hian Chye Koh tarafından geliştirilen 36 maddelik girişimcilik ölçeği 15 maddeye indirgenmiştir. Girişimcilik özelliklerinin performansa etkileri ise yapısal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Ampirik bulgular çiftçilerin risk ve yenilikçilik özelliklerinin işletme performansına olumsuz katkılar sunduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan çiftçilerin başarı ihtiyacı, özgüven ve kontrol odaklılığı eğilimleri ile performans arasında olumlu ilişkiler keşfedilmiştir. Sonuçlar işletmelerin büyümesinde yaşanan sorunların ardında yatan psikolojik etkenleri ortaya koymaktadır. Buna göre Türk çiftçileri muhafazakâr bir yapıda büyümeye çalışmaktadır.

Keywords

• Tarımsal girişimci,Girişimci oryantasyonu,Çiftlik performansı,Türkiye

Developing Entrepreneurship Scale For Farmers and Impact on Farm Performance

Abstract

The aim of this research is to develop a new Turkish entrepreneurship scale considering the scale of Hian Chye Koh (2006) which its validity and reliability tested. Also, with the help of this newly developed scale, a model experiment which shows the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics (Entrepreneurial orientation) on entrepreneurial performance will be studied. The study group of the study consisted of 273 farmers who continued their production activities in Aydın, Manisa, Denizli and Kütahya regions. Factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the structure of the measurement tool and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used for reliability. Ultimately, it consists of 15 sub-dimensions and five sub-dimensions of the measuring tool; and the total variance explained is 78.65%. Therefore, the 36-item entrepreneurship scale developed by Hian Chye Koh has been reduced to 15 items. The effects of entrepreneurship characteristics on performance were analyzed by the structural equation model. Empirical findings indicate that farmers' risk and innovation characteristics contribute negatively to business performance. On the other hand, positive relationships have been discovered between performance and farmers' tendencies to achievement, self-confidence and control orientation. The results reveal the psychological factors behind the problems in the growth of businesses. Accordingly, Turkish farmers are trying to grow in a conservative structure

Keywords

• Agricultural entrepreneurship,Entrepreneurial orientation,Farm performance,Turkey

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