ÜRETİMDEN BAĞIMSIZ DESTEKLERİN ETKİLERİ: GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Abstract

Fiyat desteklerinden üretimden bağımsız desteklere geçiş tarım politikası alanındaki en önemli değişimlerden biridir. Ancak bu desteklerin gerçekten üretimden bağımsız olup olmadıkları tartışmalı bir konudur. Bu çalışmada üretimden bağımsız desteklerin üretim üzerindeki etkisi literatüre bağlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Genel etki, risk tutumu, arazi değeri, kredi kısıtı, politika beklentisi, yapısal değişim, işgücü dağıtımı ve çevresel yansıma olmak üzere desteğin etkileri sekiz bölüme ayrılmıştır. Her bölümün ilk kısımlarında desteğin nasıl etki yapabileceğine dair varsayımlara yer verilmiş, ikinci kısımlarında ise bu varsayımlar araştırma bulguları ile sınanmıştır. Genel olarak küçük, ancak istatistiksel bir etkiden söz edilebilir. Destek üretici risk tutumunu değiştirdiği ve gelir dalgalanmasını azalttığı için üretimde bir etkide bulunmaktadır. Üreticinin başlangıç refahı ve desteğin üretici geliri içerisindeki payı etki düzeyini etkilemektedir. Üretimden bağımsız destekler arazi fiyatını ve kirasını artırmaktadır. Kredi kısıtına bağlı etki için yeterli bulgu bulunmamaktadır. Politika beklentisi ile tarım sektörüne giriş ve çıkışlar dikkate alındığında üretim üzerinde önemli etkiler ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Destekler üreticinin tarım dışı çalışmasını azaltarak, küçük de olsa üretim üzerinde artırıcı etkide bulunabilir. Çevresel açıdan girdi kullanımı üzerindeki etkisine bağlı bir değerlendirme mevcuttur. Bütün bölümlerde kullanılan yöntem, veri seti ve destek değişkenine bağlı olarak sonuçlar önemli ölçüde değişebilmektedir. Ayrıca yapılan araştırmaları sınırlayan önemli bir veri yetersizliği sorunu bulunmaktadır. Etki sonuçlarının araştırmalar arasında önemli düzeyde değişmesi, değerlerin genelleştirilmesini güçleştirmektedir. Özellikle ABD ve AB dışında yapılacak olan çalışmalarda, diğer ülkelerin tarımsal yapı ve politika amaçlarına bağlı olarak farklı sonuçların olması beklenmektedir

Keywords

• Üretimden Bağımsız Destekler, Üretim Etkisi, Politika Değişimi

The Effects of Decoupled Payments: A Literature Review

Abstract

One of the important changing in agricultural policy is the transition of market price support to decoupling payments. But whether these payments decoupled from production is a controversial issue. This study explored the literature of decoupled payments’ effects on production. The effects of payments consist of eight parts which are general effect, risk attitude, land value, credit constraint, policy expectation, structural changing, labor distribution, environmental rebound. First part of each section has assumptions about how the payment can affect on production. In the second parts of it, these assumptions are examined with research findings. There is modest, but statistically significant effect. Payments affect production because of changing producer’s risk attitude and decreasing income volatility. The initial wealth and the rate of payment in producer income change the level of effect. Decoupled payments increase land values and cash rents. There is not satisfactory evidence about credit constraint. When policy expectations and sectorial entry/exit are considered, significant effects occur in the production. Decoupled payments can increase production modestly, decreasing off-farm laboring. In environmental aspect, there is an effect depending on usage of chemical. Research results change significantly in all sections according as used method, data set and payment variable. There is also insufficient data that restricts studies. Significantly changing of effect results complicates the generalization of findings between studies. Different results are expected, according as other countries’ agricultural structure and policy goals, in the studies outside of USA and EU

Keywords

• Decoupled Payments, Effects on Production, Policy Changing

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69. Geliş Tarihi : 25/4/2013
70. Kabul Tarihi : 30/7/2013