Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER

Year 2021, Issue: 9, 277 - 310, 31.07.2021

Abstract

Seyahat, güçlü bir merak dürtüsünün sebep olduğu kendine benzemeyeni keşfetme ve tanımlama ihtiyacına karşılık gelen bir kelimedir. Suyun yeryüzünde sürekli akması anlamında Arapça “seyh” kelime kökünden türerken, bu manadan gelen çağrışımla suyun âlemi dolaşması gibi yerküre üzerinde dolaşan kişiye de seyyah denilmektedir. Bu zincirin son halkası ise seyyahın ürünü olan seyahatnameler ise günümüzde bile değeri bilinen bir kavramdır. Aslına bakmak gerekirse herkesin sahip olamadığı bilgiyi merak uyandırıcı, kışkırtıcı ve ebedi bir metin haline dönüştüren seyyahı tanıma ve onu besleyen kaynakları saptama ihtiyacı, seyahatname adı altında açılacak tüm konu başlıklarının en kayda değer koşulu olarak görülmelidir. Özellikle bir seyyahın, devlet görevlisi, aydın, tüccar, bilim adamı, asker, hacı, esir, din adamı, misyoner, maceracı gibi değişik isim ve unvanlarla birlikte, eğitim düzeyi, inanç ve çıkarı gibi faktörler neyi, nasıl ve niçin söylediklerini de önemli kılmaktadır. Seyyahlar ve seyahatnameleri tarihin gizli tanığı gibidir. Seyyahlar, şehirler ya da toplumlar hakkında devletin resmî belgelerinde göremeyeceğimiz; sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik açıdan çok sayıda ayrıntıyı eserleri sayesinde kuşaktan kuşağa aktararak taşıyıcı görevini üstlenmektedir.

XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı dünyasında, önemi gittikçe artan ve Güneydoğu Avrupa’nın en önemli şehirlerinden biri olarak hızla gelişen Selanik, Balkanların en kozmopolit kentlerinden birisidir. Selanik’e gelen çok sayıda seyyah, ilk başlarda şehrin dış görünüşü ve yapıları ile ilgilenirken sonrasında pek çok farklı etnik unsurun bir arada ve barış içinde yaşamasını hayretle kaleme almış, devamında şehirdeki nüfus, din, sağlık gibi gündelik hayata ilişkin ilgi çekici bilgiler vermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada XIX. yüzyıl boyunca Güneydoğu Avrupa’nın kültürel, ekonomik ve dini bağlantılarının kesişim noktası haline gelen Selanik’i ziyaret edip bu sürece canlı tanık olan yirmiye yakın seyyahın kent ile alakalı olarak verdikleri daha önce gün yüzüne çıkmamış ilgi çekici bilgiler incelenecek ve üzerine tespitlerde bulunulacaktır.

References

  • The Missionary Herald, Containing the Proceedings of the ABCFM with a General View of Other Benevolent Operations for the Year 1847, Samuel Armstrong Press, Boston, 1847.
  • BEST, John, Excursions in Albania Thence to Thessalonika, Allen Press, London, 1842.
  • BIDDULPH, Elizabeth Yorke, Charles Philip Yorke, Fourth Earl of Hardwicke: A Memoir By His Daughter, Smith Press, London, 1910.
  • BLUNT, Fanny, My Reminiscences, John Murray Press, London, 1918.
  • BOUE, Ami, La Turquie d’Europe, C. 2, Arthus Bertrand Press, Paris, 1840.
  • CLARKE, Edward Daniel, Travels in Various Countries of Europe, Asia and Africa, C. 7, Whiting and Watson Press, London, 1816.
  • COUSINERY, Esprit Marie, Voyage dans la Macedoine, Imprimerie Royale Press, Paris, 1831.
  • DUCHESNE, Louis- BAYET, Charles, Mission au Mont Athos, C. 3, Befar Press, Paris, 1876.
  • FISK, Pliny- BOND, Alvan, Memoir of Pliny Fisk Late Missionary to Palestine, Crocker and Brewster Press, Boston, 1828.
  • GALT, John, Voyages & Travels, Cadell- Davies Press, London, 1812.
  • GORDON, Thomas, History of the Greek Revolution, Thomas Cadell Press, London, 1832.
  • HOLLAND, Henry, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia etc during the years 1812 and 1813, C. 2, Longman Press, London, 1819.
  • IONESCO, Ion, De la Thessalie Agricole, Imprimerie du Journal de Constantinople, İstanbul, 1851.
  • LEAKE, William Martin, Researches in Greece, J. Booth Press, London, 1814.
  • LEAKE, William Martin, Travels in Northern Greece, C. 3, John Rodwell Press, London, 1835.
  • MAZOWER, Mark, Selanik, Hayaletler Şehri, Alfa Yay., İstanbul, 2013.
  • MINCHIN, James, The Growth of Freedom, John Murray Press, London, 1886.
  • MINNIGERODE, Meade, Some Personal Letters of Herman Melville, Freeport Press, New York, 1922.
  • MURRAY, John, Handbook for Travellers in Greece, John Murray Press, London, 1854.
  • NEALE, John Mason, A History of The Holy Eastern Church, Joseph Masters Press, London, 1850.
  • SLADE, Adolphus, Records of Travels, Saunders and Otley Press, London, C. 2, 1833.
  • SMITH, William, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray Press, London, 1845.
  • THIERSCH, Hofrath, Über die Sprache der Zakonen, Munich, 1837.
  • WOLFF, Joseph, Journal of Reverend Joseph Wolff, John Burns Press, London, 1838.
  • WRATISLAW, Albert Charles, A Consul in the East, William Blackwood and Sons Press, Edinburg, 1924.
  • CLARK, William, “From Athos to Salonica”, Macmillians Magazine, ed. David Masson, Macmillian Press, London, 1863, ss. 306- 316.
  • EMMANUEL, Itshac, “Los Jidios de Salonique”, Zikhron Saloniki, C. 1, Yay. Haz. David Recanati, Tel Aviv, 1972, s. 3- 272.
  • GEORGEON, François, “Müslüman ve Dönme Selanik”, Selanik 1850-1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 133- 150.
  • GOUNARIS, Basil, “Selanik”, Doğu Akdeniz’de Liman Kentleri 1800-1914, Yay. Haz. Çağlar Keyder, T.V.Y, İstanbul, 1994, ss. 103- 120.
  • MOLHO, Rena, “Yenilenme”, Selanik 1850- 1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein,İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 79- 98.
  • MOUTSOPOULOS, Constantin, “İki Yüzyıl Arasında Kalan Bir Kent”, Selanik 1850- 1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 27- 47.
  • PROUST, Antonin, “Voyage au Mont Athos”, Le Tour du Monde, Yay. Haz. Eduard Charton, C. 2, Librairie Hachette Press, Paris, 1860, ss. 103-107.
  • SCHAUFFLER, William, “Salonica” The Missionary Herald, C. 31, Crocker and Brewster Press, Boston, 1835, ss. 169- 170.
  • VEINSTEIN, Gilles, “Seküler Bir Paradoks”, Selanik 1850- 1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 51- 78.
  • YEROLYMPOS, Alexandra, “Kozmopolit Bir Kentleşme”, Selanik 1850-1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 199- 222.

FIRST IMPRESSIONS ON THE CITY OF THESSALONICA ACCORDING TO THE WEST TRAVELERS IN THE XIXth CENTURY

Year 2021, Issue: 9, 277 - 310, 31.07.2021

Abstract

Travel is a word that corresponds to the need to discover and define what is unlike yourself, caused by a strong curiosity. While it derives from the root of the Arabic word “seyh” in the sense that water flows continuously on the earth, the person who travels on the earth is called a traveler, just as the water circulates around the world with the connotation that comes from this meaning. The last link of this chain, travel books, which are the products of the traveler, is a concept whose value is known even today. As a matter of fact, the need to recognize the traveler, who transforms the knowledge that not everybody has into an intriguing, provocative and eternal text, and to identify the sources that feed him, should be seen as the most important condition of all the topics to be opened under the name of travel book. Especially a traveler has various factors such as education, belief and interest, along with different names and titles such as government official, intellectual, merchant, scientist, soldier, pilgrim, prisoner, cleric, missionary, adventurer and this makes it important what they say, how and why. What we cannot see in the official documents of the state about, cities or societies; social, cultural and economic aspects of the work through the transfer of many details from generation to generation, so the travelers are serves as a carrier in this situation.

Thessaloniki is one of the most cosmopolitan cities of the Balkans, whose importance gradually increased in the XIXth century Ottoman world and rapidly developed as one of the most important cities of Southeastern Europe. Many travelers who came to Thessaloniki were initially interested in the appearance and structures of the city, but later they were amazed that many different ethnic elements lived together and in peace, and then gave interesting information about the social life in the city. In this study, nearly twenty travelers who visited Thessaloniki, which became the intersection point of the cosmopolitan connections of Southeastern Europe during the XIXth century, will be examined. The interesting information they gave about the city, which has not come to light before, will be also examined.

References

  • The Missionary Herald, Containing the Proceedings of the ABCFM with a General View of Other Benevolent Operations for the Year 1847, Samuel Armstrong Press, Boston, 1847.
  • BEST, John, Excursions in Albania Thence to Thessalonika, Allen Press, London, 1842.
  • BIDDULPH, Elizabeth Yorke, Charles Philip Yorke, Fourth Earl of Hardwicke: A Memoir By His Daughter, Smith Press, London, 1910.
  • BLUNT, Fanny, My Reminiscences, John Murray Press, London, 1918.
  • BOUE, Ami, La Turquie d’Europe, C. 2, Arthus Bertrand Press, Paris, 1840.
  • CLARKE, Edward Daniel, Travels in Various Countries of Europe, Asia and Africa, C. 7, Whiting and Watson Press, London, 1816.
  • COUSINERY, Esprit Marie, Voyage dans la Macedoine, Imprimerie Royale Press, Paris, 1831.
  • DUCHESNE, Louis- BAYET, Charles, Mission au Mont Athos, C. 3, Befar Press, Paris, 1876.
  • FISK, Pliny- BOND, Alvan, Memoir of Pliny Fisk Late Missionary to Palestine, Crocker and Brewster Press, Boston, 1828.
  • GALT, John, Voyages & Travels, Cadell- Davies Press, London, 1812.
  • GORDON, Thomas, History of the Greek Revolution, Thomas Cadell Press, London, 1832.
  • HOLLAND, Henry, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia etc during the years 1812 and 1813, C. 2, Longman Press, London, 1819.
  • IONESCO, Ion, De la Thessalie Agricole, Imprimerie du Journal de Constantinople, İstanbul, 1851.
  • LEAKE, William Martin, Researches in Greece, J. Booth Press, London, 1814.
  • LEAKE, William Martin, Travels in Northern Greece, C. 3, John Rodwell Press, London, 1835.
  • MAZOWER, Mark, Selanik, Hayaletler Şehri, Alfa Yay., İstanbul, 2013.
  • MINCHIN, James, The Growth of Freedom, John Murray Press, London, 1886.
  • MINNIGERODE, Meade, Some Personal Letters of Herman Melville, Freeport Press, New York, 1922.
  • MURRAY, John, Handbook for Travellers in Greece, John Murray Press, London, 1854.
  • NEALE, John Mason, A History of The Holy Eastern Church, Joseph Masters Press, London, 1850.
  • SLADE, Adolphus, Records of Travels, Saunders and Otley Press, London, C. 2, 1833.
  • SMITH, William, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray Press, London, 1845.
  • THIERSCH, Hofrath, Über die Sprache der Zakonen, Munich, 1837.
  • WOLFF, Joseph, Journal of Reverend Joseph Wolff, John Burns Press, London, 1838.
  • WRATISLAW, Albert Charles, A Consul in the East, William Blackwood and Sons Press, Edinburg, 1924.
  • CLARK, William, “From Athos to Salonica”, Macmillians Magazine, ed. David Masson, Macmillian Press, London, 1863, ss. 306- 316.
  • EMMANUEL, Itshac, “Los Jidios de Salonique”, Zikhron Saloniki, C. 1, Yay. Haz. David Recanati, Tel Aviv, 1972, s. 3- 272.
  • GEORGEON, François, “Müslüman ve Dönme Selanik”, Selanik 1850-1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 133- 150.
  • GOUNARIS, Basil, “Selanik”, Doğu Akdeniz’de Liman Kentleri 1800-1914, Yay. Haz. Çağlar Keyder, T.V.Y, İstanbul, 1994, ss. 103- 120.
  • MOLHO, Rena, “Yenilenme”, Selanik 1850- 1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein,İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 79- 98.
  • MOUTSOPOULOS, Constantin, “İki Yüzyıl Arasında Kalan Bir Kent”, Selanik 1850- 1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 27- 47.
  • PROUST, Antonin, “Voyage au Mont Athos”, Le Tour du Monde, Yay. Haz. Eduard Charton, C. 2, Librairie Hachette Press, Paris, 1860, ss. 103-107.
  • SCHAUFFLER, William, “Salonica” The Missionary Herald, C. 31, Crocker and Brewster Press, Boston, 1835, ss. 169- 170.
  • VEINSTEIN, Gilles, “Seküler Bir Paradoks”, Selanik 1850- 1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 51- 78.
  • YEROLYMPOS, Alexandra, “Kozmopolit Bir Kentleşme”, Selanik 1850-1918, Yay. Haz. Gilles Veinstein, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2014, ss. 199- 222.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Article
Authors

İbrahim Hamaloğlu 0000-0003-0559-6037

Publication Date July 31, 2021
Submission Date May 20, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 9

Cite

APA Hamaloğlu, İ. (2021). XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER. Tarih Ve Günce(9), 277-310.
AMA Hamaloğlu İ. XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER. Tarih ve Günce. July 2021;(9):277-310.
Chicago Hamaloğlu, İbrahim. “XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER”. Tarih Ve Günce, no. 9 (July 2021): 277-310.
EndNote Hamaloğlu İ (July 1, 2021) XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER. Tarih ve Günce 9 277–310.
IEEE İ. Hamaloğlu, “XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER”, Tarih ve Günce, no. 9, pp. 277–310, July 2021.
ISNAD Hamaloğlu, İbrahim. “XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER”. Tarih ve Günce 9 (July 2021), 277-310.
JAMA Hamaloğlu İ. XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER. Tarih ve Günce. 2021;:277–310.
MLA Hamaloğlu, İbrahim. “XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER”. Tarih Ve Günce, no. 9, 2021, pp. 277-10.
Vancouver Hamaloğlu İ. XIX. YÜZYILDA BATILI SEYYAHLARA GÖRE SELANİK ŞEHRİNE DAİR İLK İZLENİMLER. Tarih ve Günce. 2021(9):277-310.

Yayının Türü: Uluslararası Akademik Hakemli-Altı Ayda Bir Yayınlanır