A PRINCIPLE THAT DIRECTING TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY IN THE İNÖNÜ PERIOD FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE AMERICAN PRESS: THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE

Year 2023, Issue: 13, 333 - 354, 01.08.2023

Cengizhan Halaçlı

Abstract

The Truman Doctrine has been defined by some authorities and historians as a political move that symbolizes the definitive abandonment of the Monroe Doctrine for the United States, which has been in force since 1823 and can be expressed as the USA’s indifference to developments outside its own continent. The doctrine promulgated by President Truman in a speech to Congress on March 12, 1947, was promulgated in order to protect the two Mediterranean countries, Greece and Turkey, which had gone through painful times under totalitarian Soviet pressure, against the aforementioned Soviet regime. The doctrine caused different manifestations in Europe and Turkey, especially in the Soviet Union. The Soviets stated that the economic and military aid that President Truman suggested to Turkey was “imperialist expansion under the guise of philanthropy”, while Europe and especially Turkey frequently expressed their gratitude for the aforementioned aid through official channels. The biggest impact of the Truman doctrine on Turkey is; It was about becoming a member of NATO in 1952 as a final manifestation of the good relations that started with the West as a result of Turkey’s abandonment of its neutrality policy, which it has been pursuing since the end of the World War I. This research article was written to reveal how the proclamation of the Truman Doctrine was approached in the press of the United States, which is considered to be the greatest political and military power of the 20th century. For this, national newspapers published in the USA were examined, thus the subject was tried to be clarified.

Keywords

Truman Doctrine, American press, Soviet Russia, Straits, Territorial claims

Amerikan Basınının Gözünden İnönü Dönemi Türk Dış Politikasına Yön Veren Bir İlke: Truman Doktrini

Abstract

Truman Doktrini, bazı otoriteler ve tarihçiler tarafından 1823’ten bu yana yürürlükte olan ve ABD’nin kendi kıtası dışındaki gelişmelere karşı kayıtsız kalması olarak ifade edilebilecek Monroe Doktrini’nin ABD için kesin olarak terkedilişini simgeleyen politik bir hamle olarak tanımlanmıştır. Başkan Truman tarafından 12 Mart 1947’de Kongre’de yapılan konuşmayla ilan edilen doktrin, totaliter Sovyet baskısı altında sancılı zamanlar geçiren iki Akdeniz ülkesini, Yunanistan ve Türkiye’yi mezkûr Sovyet rejimine karşı korumak maksadıyla ilan edilmiştir. Doktrin, başta Sovyetler olmak üzere Avrupa ve Türkiye’de farklı tezahürlere sebep olmuştur. Sovyetler, Başkan Truman’ın Türkiye’ye yapılmasını önerdiği ekonomik ve askeri yardımın “hayırseverlik kisvesi altındaki emperyalist genişlemesi” olduğunu ifade etmiş, Avrupa ve özellikle Türkiye ise mezkûr yardımdan duyduğu minneti resmi kanallardan sıkça dile getirmiştir. Truman doktrininin Türkiye’ye yönelik en büyük etkisi ise; Türkiye’nin Harb-i Umumi’nin bitişinden bu yana sürdürdüğü tarafsızlık politikasından vazgeçmesi neticesinde Batı’yla başlayan iyi ilişkilerinin nihai bir tezahürü olarak 1952 yılında NATO’ya üye olması hususunda olmuştur. Bu araştırma makalesi, 20. yüzyılın en büyük siyasi ve askeri gücü olarak kabul edilen Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin basınında Truman Doktrini’nin ilanına nasıl yaklaşıldığını ortaya koymak amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Bunun için Amerika’da yayın yapan ulusal çaptaki gazeteler irdelenmiş, böylelikle konu aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Truman Doktrini, Amerikan basını, Sovyet Rusya, Boğazlar, Toprak iddiaları

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