Çarpma Etkisi Altında Kalan Armut Meyvelerinin (Ankara çeşidi) Zedelenme Hacminin Doğrusal Olmayan Dinamik Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi ile Belirlenmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 14.10.2016

H. Kürşat Çelik , İbrahim Akıncı

Abstract

Özellikle meyve ve sebzeler gibi tarımsal ürünlerin
hasat, taşıma, sınıflandırma, paketleme ve hasat sonrası işlemleri gibi
süreçlerde kullanılan makine sistemlerinin tasarımında odaklanılan temel
tasarım amaçlarından birisi, bu sistemlerin ilgili işlemler sırasında işlenen
ürüne her hangi bir şekilde mekanik bir zarar vermemesidir. Bu tip süreçlerde
rastlanılan en yaygın mekanik zarar türü, ürünün çarpma etkisi altında mekanik
olarak zedelenmesidir. Bu zedelenme ürünün dış etkenlerle etkileşimi veya birbirleri
ile teması nedeniyle olabilmektedir. Bu tip durumlara maruz kalan ürünlerin
zedelenme miktarının ve zedelenme ilerleyişinin hassas bir şekilde
belirlenmesi, bu süreçlerde kullanılan makine sistemlerinin tasarımında önemli
bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu araştırmada, birbirleri ile çarpışma etkisi altında
kalan örnek bir tarımsal ürünün (Armut-Ankara çeşidi) çarpışma sürecinde maruz
kaldığı yapısal gerilmelerin zamana bağlı değişimi ve çarpışma sonucu ortaya
çıkan zedelenme hacimleri, ileri düzey doğrusal olmayan dinamik sonlu elamanlar
analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, ele alınan örnek ürünün bazı
mühendislik özellikleri fiziksel ölçüm ve testler ile belirlenmiştir. Örnek
ürün, tersine mühendislik yaklaşımı ile dijital ortama aktarılmış ve sonlu
elemanlar yöntemi temelli, doğrusal olmayan dinamik analiz yaklaşımı ile
çarpışma durumu simule edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen simülasyonda, iki ürünün
1 [m] yükseklikten birbirleri üzerine düşme senaryosu simule edilmiştir.
Simülasyon sonucu oldukça faydalı görsel ve sayısal çıktılar elde edilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, tanımlanan çarpışma durumunda ortaya çıkan maksimum eşdeğer
gerilme değeri çarpan ve çarpılan ürünler için sırasıyla 0.395 [MPa] ve
0.538 [MPa], zedelenme hacimleri ise sırasıyla 6278.40 [mm³] ve
30197.41 [mm³] olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Keywords

Çarpma testi, gerilme analizi, bilgisayar destekli mühendislik, tarım makineleri tasarımı, biyolojik malzeme

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