Research Article

Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram

Volume: 7 Number: 1 March 23, 2022
TR EN

Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram

Abstract

Gregory David Roberts is a contemporary Australian author who had been involved in several criminal activities and was therefore convicted to prison sentence earlier in his life. In 2003, he published the semi-autobiographical novel Shantaram largely based on his experiences in the Indian city of Bombay. The novel, which became a best-seller around the globe is an astounding account of a westerner’s spiritual voyage in the outskirts of India. Shantaram deals with a great many themes and issues such as ethics, violence and good vs. evil, but the theme which lies at the core of the narrative is the binary opposition between dualism and materialism. While dualism defends the autonomy of the mind/soul over the body, materialism affirms that all living beings are bound to material laws. This article aims to analyse Roberts’ Shantaram through the binary opposition of dualism and materialism, and specifically from a dualistic perspective. As the founder of modern philosophy and dualism, René Descartes’ theories will be applied to the text as opposed to the contrasting philosophy of materialism. In this respect, dualism is compared and contrasted with materialism and physicalism with reference to several influential thinkers who contributed to this thought from Greek antiquity to modern philosophy such as Aristotle, Plato, Lucretius, Kant and George Berkeley. Thus, a Cartesian analysis is implemented to Shantaram in order to expose the dualism emphasised in the subtext of Roberts’ narrative. All in all, the study concludes that Shantaram exhibits depictions of Cartesian dualism through the protagonist’s experiences in the slums of Bombay and determines that dualism overcomes materialism in Roberts’ story as the mind/soul asserts its autonomy over the body and its physical sphere.

Keywords

Thanks

I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ali Çelikel from the Department of English Language and Literature at Marmara University for his immense contribution to my understanding of Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram during my doctoral studies.

References

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  3. Descartes, R. (1664). L’Homme de René Descartes, et un Traité de la formation du foetus, du mesme auteur, avec les Remarques de Louis de la Forge, docteur en medecine. C. Clerselier (Ed.). Paris: Angot.
  4. Descartes, R. (1985). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press.
  5. Descartes, R. (1998). Meditations on First Philosophy (D. A. Cress, Trans.) (4th ed.). Hackett Publishing. Dewey, J. (1882). The metaphysical assumptions of materialism, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 16(2), 208-213. doi:10.1037/h0069348
  6. Fromm, H. (1978). From Transcendence to Obsolescence: A Route Map. The Georgia Review, 32(3), 543-552. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41397632
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Creative Arts and Writing

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 23, 2022

Submission Date

October 13, 2021

Acceptance Date

December 13, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 7 Number: 1

APA
Tan, C. (2022). Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram. Turkish Academic Research Review, 7(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1009329
AMA
1.Tan C. Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram. tarr. 2022;7(1):3-17. doi:10.30622/tarr.1009329
Chicago
Tan, Cenk. 2022. “Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram”. Turkish Academic Research Review 7 (1): 3-17. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1009329.
EndNote
Tan C (March 1, 2022) Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram. Turkish Academic Research Review 7 1 3–17.
IEEE
[1]C. Tan, “Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram”, tarr, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 3–17, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.30622/tarr.1009329.
ISNAD
Tan, Cenk. “Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram”. Turkish Academic Research Review 7/1 (March 1, 2022): 3-17. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1009329.
JAMA
1.Tan C. Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram. tarr. 2022;7:3–17.
MLA
Tan, Cenk. “Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram”. Turkish Academic Research Review, vol. 7, no. 1, Mar. 2022, pp. 3-17, doi:10.30622/tarr.1009329.
Vancouver
1.Cenk Tan. Dualism and Materialism in Gregory David Roberts’ Shantaram. tarr. 2022 Mar. 1;7(1):3-17. doi:10.30622/tarr.1009329