Research Article

Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19

Volume: 9 Number: 3 September 30, 2024
EN TR

Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19

Abstract

This conceptual paper delves into the intricate relationship between political financing and policy bias in the implementation of welfare policies for the B40 (Below 40 is the 40% of the total population that earns the lowest tier of household income compared to the first group of T20-Top 20% and second category M40-Middle 40%) cluster in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The B40 cluster comprises the most economically vulnerable segment of the population residing in public housing (the heavily subsidized government-owned residential areas for underprivileged citizens with certain household income categories). This study aims to unravel how political financing influences the formulation and execution of welfare policies, potentially leading to bias in resource allocation and support provision. Through an exhaustive review of existing scholarly literature and analysis of pertinent case studies, this paper embarks on examining the degree to which political financing impacts the decision-making process concerning welfare policies. The analysis focuses on identifying potential biases in policy formulation that may favor the interests of political entities providing financial backing to policymakers. Furthermore, the study also explores the implications of such biases on the equitable distribution of resources to the B40 cluster during the global COVID-19 crisis. The conceptual framework employed in this paper draws from theories of political economy, corruption, and public policy. By dissecting the extant body of literature, the paper aims to offer a nuanced comprehension of the dynamics between political financing and policy bias in the realm of welfare policies for the B40 cluster. The eventual findings are poised to enrich the theoretical understanding of the influence exerted by political financing on the formulation and execution of welfare policies, particularly during periods of global crisis. By identifying policy biases stemming from political financing, this study aspires to catalyze critical discussions on the imperative of transparent and accountable decision-making processes. Such deliberations are vital to ensuring the fair and effective implementation of welfare policies for the B40 cluster in Kuala Lumpur amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper thus serves as a clarion call for enhanced governance mechanisms and institutional reforms to uphold the principles of fairness, equity, and social justice in welfare policy formulation and implementation. This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the nexus between political financing and policy bias in the context of welfare policies for vulnerable populations. It underscores the importance of addressing systemic flaws in governance and decision-making processes to mitigate the adverse effects of political influence on welfare policy outcomes. Moreover, the findings of this study have practical implications for policymakers, advocacy groups, civil society organizations and other stakeholders involved in shaping welfare policy agendas and advocating for reform initiatives. In conclusion, this paper calls for a concerted effort to promote transparency, accountability, and integrity in the formulation and implementation of welfare policies. By fostering a culture of ethical governance and democratic participation, policymakers can ensure that welfare programs serve the interests of the most vulnerable members of society and contribute to equitable and sustainable development outcomes.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

University Tun Abdul Razak

Thanks

Special thanks for my parents, family, friends, university Phd Supervisor, employer, and everyone.

References

  1. Abdullah, J., & Marzukhi, M. A. (2022). The COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: Its Impacts on the Poor and Migrant Workers Communities in Urban Areas (pp. 89–98). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11139-6_7
  2. Ansolabehere, S., de Figueiredo, J. M., & Snyder Jr, J. M. (2015). Why is there so little money in US politics? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(1), 105-130.
  3. Baharudin, S., Waked, H. N., & Paimen, M. S. (2021). MCO in Malaysia: Consumer confidence and households’ responses. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2021-5501-7
  4. Beyers, J. (2018). Interest group politics and financial contributions: A review and assessment. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Networks (pp. 473-492). Oxford University Press.
  5. Bonica, A. (2017). Mapping the ideological marketplace. American Journal of Political Science, 61(3), 523-539.
  6. Bonica, A. (2019). Ideology and interests in the political marketplace. The Journal of Politics, 81(1), 1-18.
  7. Carlson, S. (2007). Money Politics in the 2004 Indonesian Elections. In Southeast Asian Affairs (pp. 11-25). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
  8. Chang, E. C., & Golden, M. A. (2007). Electoral systems, district magnitude, and corruption. British Journal of Political Science, 37(1), 115-137.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Public Policy

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2024

Submission Date

April 3, 2024

Acceptance Date

August 8, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 9 Number: 3

APA
Jaafar, K. (2024). Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19. Turkish Academic Research Review, 9(3), 227-241. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1463401
AMA
1.Jaafar K. Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19. tarr. 2024;9(3):227-241. doi:10.30622/tarr.1463401
Chicago
Jaafar, Kamal. 2024. “Assessing the Relationship Between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies During COVID-19”. Turkish Academic Research Review 9 (3): 227-41. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1463401.
EndNote
Jaafar K (September 1, 2024) Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19. Turkish Academic Research Review 9 3 227–241.
IEEE
[1]K. Jaafar, “Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19”, tarr, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 227–241, Sept. 2024, doi: 10.30622/tarr.1463401.
ISNAD
Jaafar, Kamal. “Assessing the Relationship Between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies During COVID-19”. Turkish Academic Research Review 9/3 (September 1, 2024): 227-241. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1463401.
JAMA
1.Jaafar K. Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19. tarr. 2024;9:227–241.
MLA
Jaafar, Kamal. “Assessing the Relationship Between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies During COVID-19”. Turkish Academic Research Review, vol. 9, no. 3, Sept. 2024, pp. 227-41, doi:10.30622/tarr.1463401.
Vancouver
1.Kamal Jaafar. Assessing the Relationship between Political Financing and Policy Bias in B40 Welfare Policies during COVID-19. tarr. 2024 Sep. 1;9(3):227-41. doi:10.30622/tarr.1463401