Critical Realist Epistemologies

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 89 - 108, 15.12.2017

Bayram Karcı

https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.358775

Cited By: 2

Abstract

New
developments that have taken place in the field of science in the
20^th
century required our basic assumptions about nature and knowledge to
be reexamined and brought about a new conception of nature based on
indeterminism instead of determinism and uncertainty instead of
certainty. This new conception of nature brought a change and
transformation in the field of epistemology as well, and as the
idealism evolved towards postmodernism, realism produced “critical
realism” which carries its critique within itself.

This
work, after touching upon transformation of realist epistemologies
from new realism to critical realism, discusses the nature of
critical realist epistemology, the stages of development, dynamics
influenced its development, important thinkers contributed and
critical realist epistemological schools. Philosophical schools which
developed a critical realist epistemology have been analyzed in four
categories, American Critical Realists, Neo-Thomist Critical
Realists, Marxist Critical Realists and Theological Critical
Realists. 

Keywords

Epistemology, Perception, Realism, Critical Realism, Scientific Realism

ELEŞTİREL GERÇEKÇİ BİLGİ TEORİLERİ

Abstract

XX.
Yüzyılda bilim alanında yaşanan gelişmeler doğa ve bilgi
hakkındaki temel varsayımlarımızın yeniden gözden geçirilmesini
zorunlu kılmış ve neticede determinizm yerine indeterminizmi,
kesinlik yerine de belirsizliği temel alan yeni bir dünya tasavvuru
ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu yeni dünya tasavvuru epistemoloji
konusunda da bir değişim ve dönüşümü ortaya çıkarmış,
idealizm postmodernizm yönünde evrilirken, realizm, içerisinde
kendi eleştirisini de taşıyan eleştirel gerçekçi bilgi
teorilerini netice vermiştir.

Bu
çalışmada gerçekçi bilgi teorilerinin yeni gerçekçilikten
eleştirel gerçekçiliğe geçirdiği dönüşüme değinilerek
eleştirel gerçekçi bilgi teorisinin doğası, gelişim aşamaları,
gelişimine etki eden faktörler, katkı sağlayan önemli düşünürler
ve eleştirel gerçekçi bilgi teorisi ekolleri incelenmiştir.
Eleştirel gerçekçi bir bilgi teorisi geliştiren felsefe ekolleri
Amerikan Eleştirel Gerçekçileri, Neo-Thomist Eleştirel
Gerçekçiler, Marksist Eleştirel Gerçekçiler ve Teolojik
Eleştirel Gerçekçiler
olmak
üzere dört farklı grupta incelenmiştir. 

Keywords

Epistemoloji, Algı, Gerçekçilik, Eleştirel Gerçekçilik, Bilimsel Gerçekçilik

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