Tuzluluk stresi koşullarında potasyum nitrat dozlarının sorgumun (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) fide büyümesi, fizyolojisi ve su kullanımı üzerine iyileştirici etkileri

Öz

Tuz stresi, dünya genelinde tarımsal üretimde verimlilik ve sürdürülebilirliği olumsuz etkileyen en önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerinden biridir. Bu koşullarda, tarımsal verimliliğini arttırmak için etkili ve sürdürülebilir çözümlerin üretilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada potasyum nitrat (KNO3) dozları (0, 12.5 25 ve 50 mM) ile ön uygulamaya tabi tutulmuş sorgum tohumlarının 4 farklı toprak tuzluluğu koşullarında (0.63, 5.10, 9.55 ve 14.02 dS m-1) fide büyümesi, stoma iletkenliği, SPAD ve bitki su tüketimi parametreleri incelenmiştir. Toprak tuzluluğu arttıkça fide boyu, toprak üstü yaş ve kuru ağırlık, yaprak alanı, stoma iletkenliği ve SPAD değerleri önemli derecede azalmıştır. Toprak tuzluluğu 14.02 dS m-1'e kıyasla, 0.63 dS m-1 tuzluluk seviyesinde yaprak alanı %123.9, stoma iletkenliği %159.6 ve SPAD değeri %100.4 oranında artmıştır. Potasyum nitrat uygulamalarının sorgum fidelerinin bitki su tüketimi üzerine önemli bir etkilerinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, potasyum nitrat dozları sorgum fide büyümesini pozitif etkilemiştir. Buna göre, 0 mM potasyum nitrata kıyasla, 50 mM potasyum nitrat uygulaması bitki boyunu %13.1, toprak üstü yaş ağırlığı %29.3, yaprak alanını %26.4 ve SPAD değerini %45.0 oranında artırmıştır. Özellikle, 0, 12.5 ve 25 mM KNO3 kıyasla, sorgum tohumlarının 50 mM KNO3 ile ön uygulamaya tabi tutulması, 5.10 dS m-1 toprak tuzluluğu koşullarında sorgum fide gelişimini arttırmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, potasyum nitratın sorgum bitkilerinde tuz stresinin toksik etkisini iyileştirmede etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, tuzlu tarımsal üretim alanlarında, sorgum fide gelişimini arttırmak için sorgum tohumlarının ekiminden önce 50 mM KNO3 ile ön uygulamaya tabi tutulması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki su tüketimi
• fide gelişimi
• potasyum nitrat
• sorgum
• tuz stresi

Ameliorative effects of potassium nitrate doses on seedling growth, physiology, and water use of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) under salinity stress

Öz

Salt stress is a major abiotic factor that adversely impacts global agricultural productivity and sustainability. Effective solutions are essential to enhance agricultural yields under such conditions. This study investigated the effects of potassium nitrate (KNO3) doses (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mM) on seedling growth, stomatal conductance, SPAD values, and evapotranspiration in sorghum seeds across four soil salinity levels (0.63, 5.10, 9.55, and 14.02 dS m-1). As salinity increased, seedling height, aboveground fresh and dry weight, leaf area, stomatal conductance, and SPAD values significantly decreased. At 0.63 dS m-1 soil salinity, leaf area increased by 123.9%, stomatal conductance by 159.6%, and SPAD value by 100.4% compared to 14.02 dS m-1. Potassium nitrate applications did not significantly affect the evapotranspiration of sorghum seedlings. However, potassium nitrate doses positively affected sorghum seedling growth. Specifically, at 50 mM KNO3, plant height increased by 13.1%, aboveground fresh weight by 29.3%, leaf area by 26.4%, and SPAD value by 45.0% compared to 0 mM KNO3. Moreover, pre-treatment with 50 mM KNO3 enhanced seedling development under 5.10 dS m-1 soil salinity. The findings indicate that potassium nitrate effectively mitigates the toxic effects of salt stress on sorghum. Finally, it is advisable to pre-treat sorghum seeds with 50 mM KNO3 prior to planting in saline agricultural areas to promote seedling development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Evapotranspiration
• seedling growth
• potassium nitrate
• sorghum
• salt stress

Kaynakça

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