Farklı sulama suyu uygulamalarının kudret narı (Momordica charantia L.) bitkisinde çimlenme ve fide gelişimi ile mineral alımına etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, kudret narı (Momordica charantia L.) bitkisinde çimlenme ve sürgün gelişimi ile mineral alımı üzerine farklı düzeylerde çözünmüş oksijen ve tuz içeren sulama uygulamalarının etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Deney; kontrol grubu olarak çeşme suyu (N), farklı tuzluluk düzeyleri (düşük: T1, orta: T2, yüksek: T3), farklı çözünmüş oksijen düzeyleri (düşük: O1, orta: O2, yüksek: O3) ve bir kombinasyon (yüksek: T3, yüksek: O3) oluşan gruplarda yürütülmüştür. Deney kapsamında; bitki fizyolojisini yansıtan büyüme parametreleri olarak fide ve kök uzunlukları, yaprak alanı, yaprak çevresi, yaprak uzunluğu ve yaprak genişliği gibi morfolojik ölçümler ile birlikte, bitki biyokütlesini belirlemek amacıyla kök ve yaprakların yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, toprak, kök ve yaprakların Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn gibi mineral içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen tüm veriler, istatistiksel olarak ANOVA ve Tukey testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, orta düzey çözünmüş oksijen (O2) uygulaması, kök ve yaprak gelişimi ile mineral birikimi açısından en başarılı sonucu vermiştir (p <0.05). Buna karşılık, yüksek tuzluluk (T3) ve T3O3 grupları, gelişimini belirgin şekilde baskılamış, bazı bitkilerde yaprak gelişimi gözlenmemiştir. Toprak ve bitki analizleri, sulamanın sadece su temini değil, mineral dengesi ve alınabilirliği üzerinde de önemli etkililer oluşturduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, kudret narı fideleri için en uygun sulama koşulunun orta düzey çözünmüş oksijen içeren su olduğu, yüksek tuzluluk veya yüksek oksijen seviyelerinin ise bitki gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, tıbbi bitki yetiştiriciliğinde sulama suyu kalitesinin (özellikle oksijen ve tuz içeriğinin) kritik öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulguların farklı çevresel koşullarda tekrarlanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sulama Suyu Kalitesi
• Çözünmüş Oksijen
• Tuzluluk
• Kudret Narı
• Bitki Gelişimi

Effects of different irrigation water applications on germination, seedling development and mineral uptake in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.)

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and salinity in irrigation water on the germination, shoot development, and mineral uptake in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). The experiment was conducted across various groups: tap water as the Control (N), different salinity levels (low: T1, moderate: T2, high: T3), different dissolved oxygen levels (low: O1, moderate: O2, high: O3), and a combination (T3O3) of high salinity and high dissolved oxygen. Growth parameters reflecting plant physiology were measured, including shoot and root lengths, and leaf morphology (area, perimeter, length, and width). Additionally, plant biomass was determined by measuring the fresh and dry weights of roots and leaves. Furthermore, the mineral contents (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the soil, roots, and leaves were analyzed. All obtained data were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey tests. The findings revealed that the moderate dissolved oxygen (O2) treatment yielded the most successful results in terms of root and leaf development and mineral accumulation (p < 0.05). Conversely, the high salinity (T3) and the T3O3 combination groups significantly suppressed plant development, with leaf development being absent in some plants. Soil and plant analyses demonstrated that irrigation is not merely a means of water supply but also significantly influences mineral balance and bioavailability. In conclusion, the optimal irrigation condition for bitter melon seedlings was determined to be water containing moderate dissolved oxygen, while high salinity or high DO levels negatively affected plant development. These findings indicate that the quality of irrigation water (especially its oxygen and salt content) is of critical importance in medicinal plant cultivation. Replication of these findings under different environmental conditions is recommended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Irrigation Water Quality
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Salinity
• Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)
• Plant Growth

Kaynakça

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