Investigation of Quality Parameters of Soil Sample Collected from Akdağmadeni District of Yozgat Province

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 58 - 64, 26.03.2025

Büşra Şensoy Gün , Beyza Yorulmaz , Arda Aytimur , Belgin Tunalı

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1531147

Abstract

The aim of the research is to examine the chemical composition and soil quality parameters of the soil sample collected from the 39°48'20.8"N and 35°53'44.0"E locations of Yozgat Bulgurlu Village in Turkey. After the soil sample was dried at room temperature, it was sieved by wetting it with 10 and 60 mesh sieves, respectively. The chemical content of the soil sample was determined by an X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy as 40.98% silicon oxide (SiO2), 13.27% aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and 11.04% calcium oxide (CaO). Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) metal concentrations in the soil sample were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The pH, lime, saturation values and the amount of organic and inorganic matter of the soil sample were examined. In order to determine the morphological characteristics of the soil sample, color imaging was performed and the soil structure was examined with Stereo microscopy. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the soil sample was heavy red clay, slightly alkaline, unsalted, calcareous, high in potassium and very low in organic matter and phosphorus.

Keywords

clay, soil analysis, AAS, XRF

References

• Al-Kaisi MM, Lal R, Olson KR, Lowery B. Fundamentals and functions of soil environment. In: Soil health and intensification of agroecosytems. 2017;1-23.
• Needelman BA. What Are Soils? Nature Education Knowledge. 2013;4(3):2.
• Ontl TA, Schulte LA. Soil Carbon Storage. Nature Education Knowledge. 2012;3(10):35.
• Shahane AA, Shivay YS. Soil health and its improvement through novel agronomic and innovative approaches. Frontiers in agronomy. 2021;3:680456.
• Brady NC, Weil RR. The Nature and Properties of Soil. 13th ed. Prentice Hall; 2002.
• Huntley BJ. Soil, water and nutrients. In: Ecology of Angola: Terrestrial Biomes and Ecoregions. Springer International Publishing; 2023. pp. 127-147.
• Gerke J. The central role of soil organic matter in soil fertility and carbon storage. Soil Systems. 2022;6(2):33.
• Pimentel D, Burgess M. Maintaining sustainable and environmentally friendly fresh produce production in the context of climate change. In: Global Safety of Fresh Produce. Woodhead Publishing; 2014. pp. 133-139.
• Brady NC, Weil RR. The Nature and Property of Soils. Prentice Hall; 1999.
• Neina D. The role of soil pH in plant nutrition and soil remediation. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 2019;2019:5794869.
• Förstner U. Land contamination by metals—global scope and magnitude of problem. In: Allen HE, Huang CP, Bailey GW, Bowers AR, eds. Metal Speciation and Contamination of Soil. CRC Press, Inc.; 1995. pp. 1-33.
• Gillman GP. An analytical tool for understanding the properties and behaviour of variable charge soils. Soil Research. 2007;45(2):83-90.
• Bronick CJ, Lal R. Soil structure and management: A review. Geoderma. 2005;124(1-2):3-22.
• Thapa S, Bhandari A, Ghimire R, Xue Q, Kidwaro F, Ghatrehsamani S, Maharjan B, Goodwin M. Managing micronutrients for improving soil fertility, health, and soybean yield. Sustainability. 2021;13:11766.
• Che J, Ricachenevsky FK, Deng F. Editorial: Micronutrients movement from soil to the grains: Role of plant membrane transporters. Front Plant Sci. 2023;14:1179674.
• Tian J, Lou Y, Gao Y, Fang H, Liu S, Xu M, et al. Response of soil organic matter fractions and composition of microbial community to long-term organic and mineral fertilization. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 2017;53:523-532.
• White JG, Zasoski RJ. Mapping soil micronutrients. Field Crops Research. 1999;60(1-2):11-26.
• Parikh SJ, James BR. Soil: The foundation of agriculture. Nature Education Knowledge. 2012;3(10):2.
• Al-Hamed S, Wahby M, Al-Sulaiman M, Aboukarima A. Prediction of soil fractions (sand, silt and clay) in surface layer based on natural radionuclides concentration in the soil using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. Open Journal of Soil Science. 2014;4(07):215.
• Churchman GJ. Game changer in soil science. Functional role of clay minerals in soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 2018;181(1):99-103.
• Nelson PN, Baldock A, Oades JM, Churchman GJ, Clarke P. Dispersed clay and organic matter in soil: Their nature and associations. Soil Research. 1999;37(2):289-316.
• Schulze DG. Minerals in Soil Environments. In: Dixon JB, Weed SB, eds. Soil Science Society of America; 1989.
• Omoniyi IM, Oludare SMB, Oluwaseyi OM. Determination of radionuclides and elemental composition of clay soils by gamma- and X-ray spectrometry. SpringerPlus. 2013;2:74.
• Senesil GS, Baldassarre G, Senesi N, Radina B. Trace element inputs into soils by anthropogenic activities and implications for human health. Chemosphere. 1999;39(2):343-377.
• Karataş R. Toprak, Bitki ve Su Örneklerinin Alımı ve Laboratuvara Taşınma Teknikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2013.
• ORAN, Orta Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı. Yozgat ili Şefaatli ilçesi Karanlıkdere Vadisi arazilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve kullanım planlaması. Kayseri: ORAN; 2017.
• Yakupoğlu T, Koç A, Kara Z. Relationships between some general properties and erosion susceptibility of soils where wild rosehip grows in Yozgat province. Bozok Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences. 2023;2(2):73-84.
• Kaçar B. Bitki Toprak ve Gübre Analizleri 3: Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Toprak Analizleri. 2016
• Li F, Liang X, Li H, et al. Enhanced soil aggregate stability limits colloidal phosphorus loss potentials in agricultural systems. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;32:17.
• Kawałko D, Gruszka D, Waroszewski J, Kabała C. Application of portable colorimeter for identification of mollic horizon and mollic-based soil groups. Soil Science Annual. 2023;74:1-9.
• Genç ŞC, Kayacı K, Yıldırım Y. Mineralogical and technological properties of the Konya clays, Central Turkey. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2022;147:1887-1897.
• Demır G, Çoruh S, Ergun ON. Leaching behavior and immobilization of heavy metals in zinc leach residue before and after thermal treatment. Environmental Progress. 2008;27(4):479-486.
• Ünal Ö. Recovery of metallic values in RAM memory by hydrometallurgical methods [thesis]. İstanbul: Istanbul Technical University; 2015.
• Sastre J, Sahuquillo A, Vidal M, Rauret G. Determination of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in environmental samples: Microwave-assisted total digestion versus aqua regia and nitric acid extraction. Anal Chim Acta. 2002;462(1):59–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00307-0
• Yurdakul İ. Toprak Gübre Su Bitki Organik Materyal ve. Mikrobiyoloji Analiz Metotları Laboratuvar El Kitabı, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü Toprak Gübre ve Su Kaynakları Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü; 2018.
• Olsen SR, Cole V, Watanable FS, Dean LA. Estimation of avaible phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, United States of America; 1954
• Tüzüner A. Toprak ve su analiz laboratuvarları el kitabı. Tarım Orman ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı, Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü; 1990.
• De Oliveira Morais PA, Souza DM de, de Melo Carvalho MT, Emoke Madari B, Oliveira AE de. Predicting Soil Texture Using Image Analysis. Microchemical Journal. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.009
• Suptijah P, Suseno SH, Anwar C, et al. JPHPI: J. Pengolahan Hasil Ikan Perikanan Indonesia. 2013;16(2):183-191. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v16i2.8053
• Brady NC. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 10th ed. Macmillan Publishing Company; 1990.
• Ünal Ö. Recovery of metallic values in RAM memory by hydrometallurgical methods [thesis]. İstanbul: Istanbul Technical University; 2015.
• He F, Ma B, Wang C, Zuo Y, Chen Y. Dissolution behavior and porous kinetics of limonitic laterite during nitric acid atmospheric leaching. Minerals Engineering. 2022;185:107671.
• Kantarcı MD. Toprak İlmi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi; 2000.
• McCauley A, Jones C, Jacobsen J. Nutrient Management. Montana State University Extension Service. Publication, 4449-9; 2009. pp. 1-16.
• Boşgelmez A, Boşgelmez İİ, Savaşçı S, Paslı N. Ekoloji – II (Toprak). Başkent Klişe Matbaacılık; 2001.
• Aktaş M, Ateş A. Bitkilerde Beslenme Bozuklukları Nedenleri Tanınmaları. Nurol Matbaacılık A.Ş.; 1998.
• Sun F, Sun N, Ma X, Zhou B, Zhu P, Gao H, Xu M. The Application of Fertilizer Phosphorus Affected Olsen P and the Phosphorus Fractions of Hedley Method in Black Soil. Agronomy, 12, 3146; 2022.
• Eyüpoğlu F. Türkiye Topraklarının Verimlilik Durumu. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü; 1999.
• Boşgelmez A, Boşgelmez İ İ, Savaşçı S ve Paslı N., (2001). Ekoloji – II (Toprak), Başkent KlişeMatbaacılık, Kızılay-Ankara.
• Kantarcı M D (2000). Toprak İlmi. İÜ Toprak İlmi ve Ekoloji Anabilim Dalı, İ Ü Yayın No. 4261, OrmanFakültesi Yayın No. 462, İstanbul, 420 s.
• Yıldız, K., Kuh, M., Tan, S., & Ay, G. (2020). The soil characteristics of some of Silene L. species grown in Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 13(3), 252–263.