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Din Sosyal Psikolojisi Perspektifinden Toplumsal Patolojilerle Başa Çıkma Süreçleri Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Year 2021, Issue: 3, 59 - 89, 30.06.2021

Abstract

Toplumsal patolojiler, bireylerin sağlığını ve toplumların refahını tehdit eden olumsuz durumlar olup küresel ölçekli kriz durumları da doğrudan benzer tehditler yaratmakta, mevcut patolojik durumları olumsuz etkileriyle geliştirebilmekte veya derinleştirebilmektedir. Bu kapsamda öncelikli olarak farkındalık artışı sağlanması önemlidir. Farkındalık artışından sonra patolojileri önleyici veya giderici tedbirler geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda çeşitli zamanlarda deneyimlenmiş olan ve bireyler ve toplumlar için tedbir alınması gerektiğine dikkat çekilen önemli hususlar arasından; nezaketsizlik artışı, herhangi bir selamet ufku dışına atılmışlık hissiyatı, varoluş kaybı, intihar vakaları artışı gibi çeşitli konulara değinilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, psikoloji alanındaki çeşitli araştırmalardan faydalanılması ve çeşitli dini başa çıkma arayışlarının değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir. Küresel ekonomik sıkıntıların ülkemize asgari ölçüde yaşanması için gerekli tedbirler alınmakta olsa da bazı sıkıntıların doğması mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda bireylerin artan problemler karşısında hayata bağlanmalarını sağlayacak yaşama amaçları oluşturmaları için faydalı olabilecek unsurların araştırılması, bu çalışmanın kapsamı içindedir. Çalışmada bireylerin ruh sağlığı dirençlerini güçlü tutma ve güçlendirme amaçları doğrultusunda toplumların bireyleri arasındaki bilinçdışı ilişki ağlarının güçlendirilmesi, bireylerin hoş ve yüce duygular içinde yaşayabilmelerinin sağlanması için gerekli stratejilerin araştırılması önerilmektedir. Ayrıca bireylerin psikolojik dirençliliklerini güçlendirmek için din, şehir, ülke gibi sembollerin kolektif bilinçdışı kapsamındaki ilktipler, arketipler çerçevesinde ele alınması ve bu sembollerin güçlendirici, güven, bağlılık ve hayranlık verici etmenler olarak kurgulanmasının faydalı olabileceği düşüncesi araştırılmıştır. Sembolik etkileşimci yaklaşımdan da çıkarım sağlanabileceği üzere, topluluklar, gruplar ve hatta küresel dünya çapında inşa edilen birçok normal, gerçekte patolojik olabilir. Dolayısıyla, kriz dönemlerinde sorunlarla başa çıkmada dini/manevi başa çıkma stratejileri üzerinde odaklanılmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülebilir. Felaket dönemlerinde felaketlerden kaynaklanan ıstıraplarla başa çıkmada; dini öğretiler ve çağların deneyimlerinden rafine edilen, nesillerin birikimleriyle oluşmuş kültürel değerlerden faydalanılması akıllıca bir tutum olabilir. Araştırmada bireysel ve toplumsal bazı patoloji sebepleri tetkik edilmiş, olağan ve olağandışı patolojiye değinilmiş, bunların önlenmesi veya tedavisi için çeşitli görüşler incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın son bölümünde ailenin önemi, toplumsal dayanışmanın destekleyici rolü, toplumsal değerler gibi hususlar, kültür, inanç ve din boyutu başlığı altında kısaca değerlendirilmiştir. Dini başa çıkma ile ilgili olarak çeşitli örnekler gösterilmiştir.

References

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Evaluations on Coping Processes with Social Pathologies from the Perspective of Social Psychology of Religion

Year 2021, Issue: 3, 59 - 89, 30.06.2021

Abstract

Social pathologies constitute negative situations by threatening the health of the individuals and the welfare of the societies. Global crisis directly creates similar threats that may develop, deepen ongoing pathological conditions together with its negative effects. Within this scope, priority must be given to raising awareness. After raising awareness, developing measures to prevent or to eliminate pathologies is a must. This research suggests, benefiting from various research within the field of psychology and evaluating various religious coping quests. Even though the necessary precautions, to minimize effects of experiencing global economic difficulties within our country are being taken, emergence of some difficulties is possible. Accordingly, under the conditions of increasing problems in their lives, searching for beneficial factors that may help individuals to develop purpose of life for holding on to life, is within the scope of this research. Targeting strengthening and keeping the resilience of the mental health of the individuals, this research suggests that it is necessary to search for strategies that strengthen the web of unconscious relations between individuals of the societies enabling the individuals to live within pleasurable and supreme emotions. Furthermore, to reinforce the psychological resilience of the individuals, the idea of exploring symbols in the framework of archetypes within collective unconscious such as religion, city, country and the idea the building these symbols as the strengthening, reassuring and cohesive factors may be beneficial, have been investigated. As the symbolic interactionist approach suggests, various normals constructed for communities, groups, and even the global world can actually be pathological. Therefore, it can be conceived that it can be useful to focus on religious/spiritual coping strategies to cope with problems in the times of crises. In times of disasters, it can be a wise attitude to utilize some of the religious teachings and cultural values which are formed by the accumulations from the generations that were refined from the experiences throughout the eras, to cope with pains that emanates from disasters. This research explores some of the causes of individual and social pathologies mentioning about normal and abnormal pathologies, this research examines various perspectives on prevention or elimination of these pathologies. In the last section of this work, under the title of; culture, belief and religion, issues such as importance of family, supportive role of social collaboration and social values has been briefly evaluated. Various examples regarding religious coping has been illustrated.

References

  • Aten, J. D. ve ark. (2012). Predictors of God concept and God control after hurricane Katrina. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4, 182–192.
  • Belik, V. (2015). Three perspectives on social pathology. Social Pathology and Prevention, 1 (1), 11-20.
  • Bentzen, J. S. (2020). In crisis, we pray: Religiosity and the COVID 19 pandemic. University of Copenhagen. (https://www.economics.ku.dk). E. T.: 17 Aralık 2020.
  • Berthold, A. & Ruch, W. (2014). Satisfaction with life and character strengths of non-religious and religious people: It’s practicing one’s religion that makes the difference. Frontiers in Psychology, 5 (876).
  • Bhardwaj, N. (2020). Suicide among women surges as more people in Japan kill themselves in a single month than the total number lost to Covid-19 in 2020. Insider. (https://www.insider.com). E. T.: 15 Mayıs 2021.
  • Blond, P. (1998). Introduction, theology before philosophy. [içinde] Post-secular philosophy, between philosophy and theology. (ss. 1-66). ed. P. Blond. London: Routledge.
  • Boas, A. V. (2020). Spirituality and health in pandemic times: Lessons from the ancient wisdom. Religions, 11 (11), 583.
  • Boguszewski, R. ve ark. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on religiosity in Poland. Religions, 11 (646), 1-14.
  • Bonotti, M. & Zech, S. (2021). Has Covid -19 occasioned a crisis of civility? Responding to the social and political challenges of the pandemic. ABC Religion and Ethics. (https://www.abc.net.au). E. T.: 15 Mayıs 2021.
  • Bruce, M. A. ve ark. (2020). Religious coping and quality of life among black and white men with prostate cancer. Cancer Control, 27 (3), 1-8.
  • Butler, J. (2004). Kırılgan hayat, yasın ve şiddetin gücü. (çev: B. Ertür). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Coelho, P. (2020). So verily with the hardship there is relief, verily with the hardship there is relief – Quran Ch 94:5-6, To my Turkish friends, all my solidarity. Next Monday I will make a donation via RCRC. Twitter. (https://twitter.com). E. T.: 17 Aralık 2020.
  • Cohn, S. K. (2007). The black death and the burning of Jews. Past and Present, 196 (1), 3-36.
  • Crary, D. (2020). More US firms are boosting faith-based support for employees. The Associated Press, (https://apnews.com). E. T.: 15 Mayıs 2021.
  • Cui, Y. ve ark. (2020). Benevolent creativity buffers anxiety aroused by mortality salience: Terror management in covıd-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3705.
  • De Berardis, D. ve ark. (2020). Religious coping, hopelessness, and suicide ideation in subjects with first-episode major depression: An exploratory study in the real world clinical practice. Brain Sciences, 10 (12), 1-12.
  • De Martino, E. (1964). Apocalissi culturali e apocalissi psicopatologiche. Nuovi Argomenti, 68–71, 105–141.
  • DeFronzo, J. & Gill, J. (2020). The sociology of social problems [içinde] Social Problems and Social Movements. Rowman & Littlefield: Publishing Group.
  • Dein, S. (2021). Covid-19 and the apocalypse: Religious and secular perspectives. Journal of Religion and Health, 60 (1), 5-15.
  • Döğüş, S. (2015). Kadın alplardan Bacıyân-ı Rum’a-Anadolu bacıları teşkilatı; Türklerde kadının siyasi ve sosyal mevkii. KSU Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (1), 127-150.
  • Durodié, B. (2020). Handling uncertainty and ambiguity in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12 (1), 61–62.
  • Fromm, E. (1947). Erdem ve mutluluk: Ahlak psikolojisi üzerine bir inceleme. (çev: A. Yörükan & der: T. Yörükan). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Fromm, E. (1956). The sane society. London: Routledge.
  • Fromm, E. (1962). Yeni bir insan yeni bir toplum. İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Garaudy, R. (1990). Yobazlıklar. (çev: C. Aydın). İstanbul: Türk Edebiyatı Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Gedük, S. (2015). Kur’an’da müminlere teselli, moral ve motivasyon. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Giri, A. K. (2014). Society as a patient: Metapathology, healing and challenges of self and social transformations. Social Alternatives, 33 (2), 31-35.
  • Gündüz, M. (2018). Kur’an-ı Kerim fihristinin değer odaklı analizi. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 16 (35), 159-182.
  • Hamidullah, M. (2005). İslam anayasa hukuku. İstanbul: Beyan Yayınları.
  • Haynes, D. (2020). Risk of new world war is real, head of UK armed forces warns. Skynews. (https://news.sky.com). E. T.: 17 Aralık 2020.
  • Hogwood, B. W. & Peters, B. G. (1985). The pathology of public policy. USA: Oxford University Press.
  • Hökelekli, H. (2013). Din psikolojisi. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.
  • İbn Sina (2005). Kitabu’ş-şifa: Metafizik-II. (çev. E. Demirli & Ö. Türker). İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık.
  • Imperatori, C. ve ark. (2020). Neurophysiological correlates of religious coping to stress: A preliminary EEG power spectra investigation. Neuroscience Letters, 728, 134956.
  • Ingleby, D. (1991). Introduction. [içinde] The Sane Society. London: Routledge.
  • Johnson, L. M. (1993). Jung's answer to modern man. The Political Science Reviewer, 22, 327.
  • Jung, C. G. (1933). Modern man in search of a soul. Kegan Paull, Trench, Trubner & Co Ltd. (https://www.archive.org). E. T.: 17 Aralık 2020.
  • Koenig, H. G. (2020). Maintaining health and well-being by putting faith into action during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health, 59, 2205-2214.
  • Kowalczyk, O. ve ark. (2020). Religion and faith perception in a pandemic of COVID‐19. Journal of Religion and Health, 59 (6), 2671-2677.
  • Kur’an-ı Kerim Meali. (2011). Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları. (https://kuran.diyanet.gov.tr). E. T.: 17 Aralık 2020.
  • Lamola, M. J. (2020). Covid-19, philosophy and the leap towards the posthuman. Phronimon, 21 (1), 1-18.
  • Liang, L. ve ark. (2020). Post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological distress in Chinese youths following the COVID-19 emergency. Journal of Health Psychology, 25 (9), 1164-1175.
  • Lifton, R. (1979). The broken connection: On death and the continuity of life. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Malchiodi, C. A. (2005). Expressive therapies, history, theory, and practice. [içinde] Expressive Therapies. (ss. 1-15). ed. C. A. Malchiodi. Guilford Publications.
  • McKane, W. (1965). Al-Ghazali’s book of fear and hope. Leiden E. J. Brill.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Maldives, (2020). Minister Shaid calls for greater Islamic unity and solidarity in the face of global challenges at the 47th council of foreign ministers meeting of OIC. Maldives: Gov. Mv. (https://www.gov.mv). E. T.: 27 Aralık 2020.
  • Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government & Stephen, G. (2020). Call for views to support comprehensive faith engagement review. UK: Gov. UK. (https://www.gov.uk). E. T.: 13 Aralık 2020.
  • Molteni, F. ve ark. (2020). Searching for comfort in religion: Insecurity and religious behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. European Societies, 23 (1), 704-720.
  • Opler, M. K. (1959). The cultural backgrounds of mental health. [içinde] Culture and Mental Health. (ss. 1-17). ed. M. K. Opler. New York: The MacMillan Company.
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There are 75 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yusuf Fırıncı 0000-0002-4364-0142

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date December 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Fırıncı, Y. (2021). Din Sosyal Psikolojisi Perspektifinden Toplumsal Patolojilerle Başa Çıkma Süreçleri Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Türk Din Psikolojisi Dergisi(3), 59-89.

Turkish Journal for the Psychology of Religion (TJPR) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).