AKILLI TELEFON BAĞIMLILIĞINI AZALTMAYA YÖNELİK BİLİNÇLİ-FARKINDALIK TEMELLİ TASARIM

Öz

Akıllı telefonlar ile geçirilen sürenin uzunluğu ve uygunsuz durumlarda kullanımı tehlikeli sonuçlara ve sağlık problemlerine sebep olmaktadır. Kullanıcıların akıllı telefonu sağlıklı kullanmaları için bilinçlendirilmesi ve kendilerini kontrol edebilmeleri amacıyla çeşitli çarelere başvurulmaktadır. Bunlardan biri olan bilinçli-farkındalık kavramı; anı yaşama, şimdiye odaklanma, düşüncelerin farkında olma vb. gibi insanı olumluya yönlendiren düşünme biçimleridir. Bu makalede, kullanıcıların sayısal iyi olma durumunun iyileştirilmesi için teknolojinin yardımı ile piyasaya sürülen bilinçli-farkındalık temelli uygulamalar incelenerek, bilinçli sayısal tüketimi teşvik eden bir dizi tasarım önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• akıllı telefon bağımlılığı,bilinçli-farkındalık,telefon uygulamaları,problemli telefon kullanımı,mindfulness,akıllı telefonlarda arayüz tasarımı,fomo

References

1. American Psychological Association, 2018. Stress in America: Generation Z. Stress, America™ Survey.
2. Andrew-Gee, E., 2018. Your smartphone is making you stupid, antisocial and unhealthy. So why can't you put it down⁉️ The Globe and Mail. URL: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/your-smartphone-is-making-you-stupid/article37511900/ Erişim: 2020.
3. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Allen, K., B., 2004. Assessment of mindfulness by selfreport: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206.
4. Bahl, S., Milne, G. R., Ross, S. M., Mick, D. G., Grier, S. A., Chugani, S. K., Chan, S., Gould, S., Cho, Y. N., Dorsey, J. D., Schindler, R. M., Murdock, M. R., Boesen-Mariani, S., 2016. Mindfulness: the transformative potential for consumer, societal, and environmental well-being, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 198-210.
5. Balhara, Y. P., Verma, K., Bhargava, R., 2018. Screen time and screen addiction: Beyond gaming, social media and pornography– A case report. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 77-78.
6. Bargh, J. A., Chartrand, T. L., 1999. The unbearable automaticity of being, American Psychologist, Vol. 54 No. 7, pp. 462-479.
7. Beyens, I., Frison, E., Eggermont, S., 2016. “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 1-8. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
8. Bian, M., Leung, L., 2015,. Linking Loneliness, Shyness, Smartphone Addiction Symptoms, and Patterns of Smartphone Use to Social Capital. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528779

9. Biggs, J., 2015. The Light Phone is the anti-smartphone. TechCrunch, URL: https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/18/the-light-phone-is-the-anti-smartphone/ Erişim: 2020.
10. Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Devins, G., 2004. Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–41.
11. Bodhi, B., 2011. What does mindfulness really mean? A canonical perspective. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 19–39. doi:10.1080/14639947.2011.564813
12. Brewer, J. A., Mallik, S., Babuscio, T. A., Nich, C., Johnson, H.E., Deleone, C.M., Minnix-Cotton, C. A., Byrne, S. A., Kober, H., Weinstein, A. J., Carroll, K. M., Rounsaville, B. J., 2011. Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: results from a randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Vol. 119 Nos 1/2, pp. 72-80.
13. Demirci, K., Akgonul, M., Akpinar, A., 2015. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict 4: 85-92.
14. Ding, D., Li, J., 2017. Smartphone Overuse – A Growing Public Health Issue. J Psychol Psychother 7:289. doi:10.4172/2161-0487.1000289
15. Edenius, C., T., M., 2018. Digital Disconnect and Assemblages of Power: Exploring Technology Non-use in the Age of the Post-digital. Comunicazioni sociali, (1), 68-79.
16. Hölzel, B.K., Lazar, S.W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D.R. and Ott, U., 2011. How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 6 No. 6, pp. 537-559.
17. Kabat-Zinn, J., 2013. Full Catastrophe Living (Revised Edition): Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. Random House Publishing Group, Sep 24, 2013
18. Kim, D., Lee, Y., Lee, J., Nam, J. K., Chung, Y. 2014. Development of Korean Smartphone addiction proneness scale for youth. PloS one, 9(5), e97920. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097920
19. Kim, K., Milne, G., Bahl, S. 2018. Smart phone addiction and mindfulness: An intergenerational comparison. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing. 12. 00-00. 10.1108/IJPHM-08-2016-0044.
20. Krishnaswamy, M., 2018. Cultivating Mindful Digital Habits. Carnegie Mellon University.
21. Krug, S., 2005. Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability. New Riders.
22. Kruger, D. J., Djerf, J. M., 2017. Bad vibrations? Cell phone dependency predicts phantom communication experiences. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 360-364.
23. Kuss, D. J., Harkin L., Kanjo E., Billieux J., 2018. Problematic Smartphone Use: Investigating Contemporary Experiences Using a Convergent Design. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 142, (1):142.
24. Marty-Dugas, J., Ralph, B. C. W., Oakman, J. M., Smilek, D., 2018. The relation between smartphone use and everyday inattention. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 5(1), 46-62.
25. Muraven, M., Baumeister, R.F., 2000. Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: does self-control resemble a muscle?”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 126 No. 2, pp. 247-259.
26. Nasar, J., L., Troyer, D., 2013. Pedestrian injuries due to mobile phone use in public places, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Volume 57, Pages 91-95, ISSN 0001-4575.
27. Newport, F., 2015. Most U.S. Smartphone Owners Check Phone at Least Hourly. Gallup, Inc. URL: https://news.gallup.com/poll/184046/smartphone-owners-check-phone-least-hourly.aspx
28. Niedderer, K., (2013). Mindful Design as a Driver for Social Behaviour Change. Consilience and Innovation in Design.
29. Nisa, Z., Umer B., Hassan T., 2016. Prevalence of De Quervain's Syndrome Among Young Mobile Phone Users. Journal of Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, 4(1): 22-24.
30. Powell, R., 2018. Effects of smartphones on our fingers, hands and elbows. The Orthopaedic Institut.
31. Pranam, A., 2018. Mindful UX. In: Product Management Essentials. Apress, Berkeley, CA
32. Sang, K., Sang-Hyun, B., Park, S., Kim, C., Kim, J., Choi, S., 2011. Reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptors in people with Internet addiction. Neuroreport. 22. 407-11.
33. Seong-Yeo, K., Sung-Ja, K., 2016. Effect of duration of smartphone use on muscle fatigue and pain caused by forward head posture in adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28. 1669-1672. 10.1589/jpts.28.1669.
34. Shapira, N.A., Goldsmith, T.D., Keck, P.E., Khosla U.E., McElroy S.L., 2000. Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use. Journal of Affective Disorders, Volume 57, Issues 1–3, Pages 267-272, ISSN 0165-0327.
35. Sharf, R. H., 2014. Is mindfulness Buddhist? (and why it matters). the Transcult Psychiatry, Aug; 52(4):470-84.
36. Sharp, P., 2011. Buddhist enlightenment and the destruction of attractor networks: a neuroscientific speculation on the buddhist path from everyday consciousness to buddha-awakening, Journal of Consciousness Studies, Vol. 18 Nos 3/1, pp. 137-169.
37. Spitzer, M., 2012. Digitale demenz. München: Droemer, 7.
38. Tırışkan, M., Onnar, N., Aksu Çetin, Y., Tarı Cömert, I., 2015. The Importance of Mindfulness in Preventing Substance-Abuse Relapse: A Literature Review. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions.
39. Woodlief, D., T., 2017. Smartphone Use and Mindfulness: Empirical Tests of a Hypothesized Connection.
40. Zaltman, G., 2003. How Customers Think: Essential Insights Into the Mind of the Market. Harvard Business Press.
41. Apple, 2020. URL : https://www.apple.com Erişim: 2020.
42. Apple Screen Time, Apple, 2020. URL : https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208982 Erişim: 2020.
43. Checky, 2020. URL : http://www.checkyapp.com/. Erişim: 2020.
44. Digital Wellbeing, Google, 2020. URL: https://wellbeing.google/ Erişim: 2020.
45. E-diyet, 2020. URL: http://e-diyet.net/ Erişim: 2020.
46. Facebook, 2020. URL: https://www.facebook.com/ Erişim: 2020.
47. Flipd, 2020. URL: http://www.flipdapp.co/ Erişim: 2020.
48. Forest App, 2020. URL: https://www.forestapp.cc/en/ Erişim: 2020.
49. Google, 2020. URL: https://google.com Erişim: 2020.
50. Lexico, Oxford, 2020. URL:https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/user_interface Erişim: 2020.
51. Moment, 2020. URL : https://inthemoment.io/ Erişim: 2020.
52. Norman, D., Nielsen, J., 2020. URL:https://www.nngroup.com/articles/definition-user-experience/ Erişim: 2020.
53. Quality Time, 2020. URL: http://www.qualitytimeapp.com/ Erişim: 2020.
54. The Guardian, 2020. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/us Erişim: 2020.
55. The Light Phone, 2020. URL: https://www.thelightphone.com Erişim: 2020.
56. The National Safety Council, 2014. URL: https://www.nsc.org/Portals/0/Documents/NewsDocuments/2014-Press-Release-Archive/3-25-2014-Injury-Facts-release.pdf Erişim: 2020.
57. Webrazzi, 2018. URL: https://webrazzi.com/2018/03/02/the-light-phone-2-alarm-mesajlasma-ozelligi-ile-geliyor/ Erişim: 2020.