Investigation of the Effects of Nanoclay/Polymer/Bitumen Nanocomposite Preparation Method on Asphalt Mixture Performance

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the production processes of nanoclay/polymer/bitumen nanocomposites on the performance of the asphalt mixture. In the study, styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with nanoclay (NC) were added to the bitumen by changing the priority of adding. Asphalt mixtures produced with polymer modified asphalt nanocomposites were evaluated by indirect tensile strength, modified Lottman method, repeated creep test and LCPC French rutting test. For EVA/nanoclay/bitumen nanocomposites, when EVA polymer was added to bitumen before nanoclay, higher water damage, cracking and deformation resistances were obtained. For SBS/nanoclay/bitumen nanocomposites, better results were revealed by adding NC before.

Keywords

• Asphalt mixture
• nanoclay
• nanocomposites
• polymer
• water damage
• deformation

Project Number

9542

Nanokil/Polimer/Bitüm Nanokompozit Hazırlama Yönteminin Asfalt Karışım Performansı Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, nanokil/polimer/bitüm nanokompozitlerin üretim süreçlerinin asfalt karışım performansı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada nanokil (NC) ile stiren bütadiyen stiren (SBS) elastomerik polimeri ve etilen vinil asetat (EVA) plastomerik polimerleri katılma önceliği değiştirilerek bitüme ilave edilmiştir. Polimer modifiye asfalt nanokompozitlerle üretilen asfalt karışımlar dolaylı çekme mukavemeti, modifiye Lottman yöntemi, tekrarlı sünme deneyi ve Fransız tekerlek izi testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. EVA/nanokil/bitüm nanokompozitler için öncelikle EVA polimerinin eklenmesi durumunda su hasarı, deformasyon ve çatlama dirençlerinde artış gözlenmiştir. SBS’li nanokompozitler kullanıldığında önce nanokil ilavesi genelde daha iyi sonuçlar vermiştir.

Keywords

• Asfalt karışım
• nanokil
• nanokompozit
• polimer
• su hasarı
• deformasyon

Supporting Institution

Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi

Project Number

9542

References

1. [1] Tabatabaee, H. A., Bahia, H. U. Life cycle energy and cost assessment method for modified asphalt pavements. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 54, 1220-1231, 2012.
2. [2] Golestani, B., Nama, B.H., Nejad, F.M., Fallah, S. Nanoclay application to asphalt concrete: Characterization of polymer and linear nanocomposite-modified asphalt binder and mixture, Construction and Building Materials 91, 32–38, 2015.
3. [3] You, Z., Mills-Beale, J., Foley, J.M., Roy, S., Odegard, G.M., Dai, Q., Goh, S.W. Nanoclay-modified asphalt materials: Preparation and characterization, Construction and Building Materials 25, 1072–1078, 2011.
4. [4] Şengöz, B., Topal, A., Işıkyakar, G. Morphology and image analysis of polymer modified bitumens, Construction and Building Materials 23, 1986–1992, 2009.
5. [5] Durrieu, F., Farcas, F., Mouillet, V. The influence of UV aging of a styrene/butadiene/styrene modified bitumen: comparison between laboratory and on site aging, Fuel 86, 1446–1451, 2007.
6. [6] Zhu, J., Birgisson, B., Kringos, N. Polymer modification of bitumen: advances and challenges, European Polymer Journal 54, 18–38, 2014.
7. [7] Yusoff, N. I. M., Breem, A. A. S., Alattug, H. N., Hamim, A., Ahmad, J. The effects of moisture susceptibility and ageing conditions on nano-silica/polymer-modified asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 72, 139-147, 2014.
8. [8] Bala, N., Kamaruddin, İ., Napiah, M., Sutanto, M.H. Polymer Nanocomposite - Modified Asphalt: Characterisation and Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 44, 4233–4243, 2019.

9. [9] Oner, J. Examination of storage stability behaviour of polymer modified bitumen involving nanoclay. Eurasian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture EJCAR, 3, 49-55, 2019.
10. [10] Jasso, M., Bakos, D., MacLeod, D., Zanzotto, L. Preparation and properties of conventional asphalt modified by physical mixtures of linear SBS and montmorillonite clay, Construction and Building Materials 38, 759–765, 2013.
11. [11] Farias, L. G. A., Leitinho, J. L., Amoni, B. D. C., Bastos, J. B., Soares, J. B., Soares, S. D. A., de Sant'Ana, H. B. Effects of nanoclay and nanocomposites on bitumen rheological properties. Construction and building materials, 125, 873-883, 2016.
12. [12] Mohammadiroudbari, M., Tavakoli, A., Aghjeh, M. K. R., Rahi, M. Effect of nanoclay on the morphology of polyethylene modified bitumen. Construction and Building Materials, 116, 245-251, 2016.
13. [13] Galooyak, S. S., Dabir, B., Nazarbeygi, A. E., Moeini, A. Rheological properties and storage stability of bitumen/SBS/montmorillonite composites. Construction and Building Materials, 24(3), 300-307, 2010.
14. [14] Golestani, B., Nejad, F. M., Galooyak, S. S. Performance evaluation of linear and nonlinear nanocomposite modified asphalts. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 197-203, 2012.
15. [15] Sureshkumar, M. S., Filippi, S., Polacco, G., Kazatchkov, I., Stastna, J., Zanzotto, L. Internal structure and linear viscoelastic properties of EVA/asphalt nanocomposites. European Polymer Journal, 46(4), 621-633, 2010.
16. [16] Alexander, M., Dubois, P. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 28(1–2), 1-63, 2000.
17. [17] Gupta, R,K,, Pasanovic-Zujo. V., Bhattacharya, S.N. Shear and extensional rheology of EVA/layered silicate-nanocomposites. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 128(2–3), 116–25, 2005.
18. [18] Martinho, F. C., Farinha, J. P. S. An overview of the use of nanoclay modified bitumen in asphalt mixtures for enhanced flexible pavement performances. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 20(3), 671-701, 2019.
19. [19] Krishnamoorti, R., Yurekli, K. Rheology of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 6(5–6), 464–470, 2001.
20. [20] Polacco, G., Kříž, P., Filippi, S., Stastna, J., Biondi, D., Zanzotto, L. Rheological properties of asphalt/SBS/clay blends. European Polymer Journal, 44(11), 3512-3521, 2008.
21. [21] Polacco, G., Filippi, S., Merusi, F., Stastna, G. A review of the fundamentals of polymer-modified asphalts: Asphalt/polymer interactions and principles of compatibility. Advances in colloid and interface science, 224, 72-112, 2015.
22. [22] Austroads Technical Report. Stone mastic asphalt surfacing. AAP asphalt guide, 2002.
23. [23] General Directorate of Highways of Turkey, Highway Technical Specifications, General Directorate of Highways of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey, 2013.
24. [24] Airey, G. D. Rheological evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate polymer modified bitumens. Construction and Building Materials, 16(8), 473-487, 2002.
25. [25] Kraton, Kraton D1192 E Polymer Data Document, K0523 Europe, 2020. (https://kraton.com/products/pdsDocs/polymer/D1192E.pdf? (Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2020)
26. [26] DOW Chemical Company, ELVAX™ 420 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Technical Data Sheet, Version 215.0, 2019.
27. [27] Iskender, E. Evaluation of mechanical properties of nano-clay modified asphalt mixtures. Measurement, 93, 359-371, 2016.
28. [28] Goh, K. L., Thomas, S., De Silva, R. T., Aswathi, M. K. Interfaces in Particle and Fibre Reinforced Composites: Current Perspectives on Polymer, Ceramic, Metal and Extracellular Matrices. Woodhead Publishing, 2019.
29. [29] Ezzat, H., El-Badawy, S., Gabr, A., Zaki, E. S. I., Breakah, T. Evaluation of asphalt binders modified with nanoclay and nanosilica. Procedia Engineering, 143, 1260-1267, 2016.
30. [30] AASHTO. Standard method of test for resistance of compacted hot mix asphalt (HMA) to moisture-induced damage. AASHTO guide, 2007.
31. [31] Gandhi, T., Xiao, F., Amirkhanian, S. N. Estimating indirect tensile strength of mixtures containing anti-stripping agents using an artificial neural network approach. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2(1), 1-12, 2009.
32. [32] Lin, J., Chen, M., Wu, S. Utilization of silicone maintenance materials to improve the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 33, 1-6, 2012.
33. [33] Asphalt Institute. Mix design methods for asphalt concrete, manual series no. 2, (MS-2), 6th ed., US, 1993.
34. [34] Khodaii, A., Tehrani, H. K., Haghshenas, H. F. Hydrated lime effect on moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 36, 165-170, 2012.
35. [35] Aksoy, A., Şamlioglu, K., Tayfur, S., Özen, H. Effects of various additives on the moisture damage sensitivity of asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 19(1), 11-18, 2005.
36. [36] Özen, H. Rutting evaluation of hydrated lime and SBS modified asphalt mixtures for laboratory and field compacted samples, Construction and Building Materials, 25(2), 756-765, 2011.
37. [37] Irfan, M., Ali, Y., Iqbal, S., Ahmed, S., Hafeez, I. Rutting evaluation of asphalt mixtures using static, dynamic, and repeated creep load tests. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 43(10), 5143-5155, 2018.
38. [38] Sarsam, S., Al-Delfi, K. Assessing Tensile Strength and Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt Concrete. Applied Research Journal ARJ, 1, 279-287, 2015.
39. [39] Krcmarik, M., Varma, S., Emin Kutay, M., Jamrah, A. Development of predictive models for low-temperature indirect tensile strength of asphalt mixtures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(11), 04016139, 2016.
40. [40] SHRP. Standard Practice for Simulating the Short-Term Ageing of Bituminous Mixtures Using Forced Draft Oven, SHRP No. 1025, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1992.
41. [41] Sarsam, S. I., Alwan, A. H. Impact of Aging on Shear, Tensile Strength and Permanent Deformation of Superpave Asphalt Concrete. International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge, 2(10), 487-496, 2014.
42. [42] Hossain, Z., Zaman, M., Hawa, T., Saha, M. C. Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of nanoclay-modified asphalt binders through the surface science approach. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(10), 04014261, 2015.
43. [43] Ghasemi, M., Marandi, S. M., Tahmooresi, M., Kamali, J., Taherzade, R. Modification of stone matrix asphalt with nano-SiO2. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(2), 1338-1344, 2012.
44. [44] Goh, S. W., Akin, M., You, Z., Shi, X. Effect of deicing solutions on the tensile strength of micro-or nano-modified asphalt mixture. Construction and Building Materials, 25(1), 195-200, 2011.
45. [45] Yu J, Wang L, Zeng X, Li B. Effect of montmorillonite on properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer modified bitumen. Polymer Engineering Science;47(9), 1289–1295, 2007.
46. [46] La Mantia, F. P., Dintcheva, N. T. EVA copolymer-based nanocomposites: Rheological behavior under shear and isothermal and non-isothermal elongational flow. Polymer testing, 25(5), 701-708, 2006.
47. [47] Zare-Shahabadi, A., Shokuhfar, A., Ebrahimi-Nejad, S. Preparation and rheological characterization of asphalt binders reinforced with layered silicate nanoparticles, Construction and Building Materials, 24(7), 1239–1244, 2010.
48. [48] Abdullah, M.E., Zamhari, K.A., Hainin, M.R., Oluwasola, E.A., Hassan, N.A., Yusoff, N.I. Engineering properties of asphalt binders containing nanoclay and chemical warm-mix asphalt additives, Construction and Building Materials 112, 232–240, 2016.
49. [49] Khodary, F., Abd El-Sadek, M.S., El-Shshtawy, H.S. CaO/bitumen nanocomposite: synthesis and enhancement of stiffness properties for asphalt concrete mixtures, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 6 (1), 444–448, 2015.
50. [50] Jahromi, S., Ghaffarpour, K. A. Effects of nanoclay on rheological properties of bitumen binder. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 2894, 2009.
51. [51] Ouyang, C., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Y. Preparation and properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer/kaolinite clay compound and asphalt modified with the compound. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 87, 309–317, 2005.