Geosentetik Kil Örtü Hidrasyon Yönteminin Alt Zemin Koşullarına Bağlı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Year 2018,
Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 8385 - 8409, 01.05.2018
Tuğçe Özdamar Kul
,
Ali Hakan Ören
Abstract
Sunulan çalışma, geosentetik kil örtü (GKÖ) hidrasyonunda
esnek duvarlı permametre hücrelerinin kullanıldığı iki yöntemi karşılaştırmaktadır.
Çalışma kapsamında GKÖ’ler sıkıştırılmış siltli kum ve zeolit zeminler üzerine yerleştirilmiş
ve zamana bağlı olarak alt zeminden su emme miktarları belirlenmiştir. Bu işlem
literatürde GKÖ hidrasyonu olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada GKÖ’ler iki
permametre hücresinin kullanıldığı kontrol örnekli yöntem (KÖY) ve daha büyük
çaplı tek permametre hücresinin kullanıldığı tek büyük örnekli yöntem (TBÖY) ile
hidrate edilmiştir. Hidrasyon süreleri sonunda her iki yöntemle hidrate edilen
GKÖ’lerin içindeki bentonitlerin su içerikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Aynı
hidrasyon süreleri için her iki yöntemden elde edilen nihai bentonit su
içerikleri arasındaki fark, alt zemin tabakasının siltli kum ve zeolit olmasına
göre sırasıyla azami %8 ve %20 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kullanılan
hidrasyon yönteminden bağımsız olarak zeolit üzerinde hidrate edilen GKÖ’nün
bentonit su içeriği siltli kum üzerinde hidrate edilenden iki kat fazla
bulgulanmıştır (~125% ve 65%). Hidrasyon sonunda alt zeminlerin su içeriği profilleri (alt zemin
yüksekliği boyunca) karşılaştırıldığında siltli kum ve zeolitin benzer davranış
gösterdiği görülmüştür. KÖY ve TBÖY ile hidrate edilen GKÖ’lerin nihai hidrolik
iletkenlikleri hemen hemen aynı elde edilmiş olmasına rağmen, hidrolik davranışlar
birbirinden farklıdır. Bu farklılık, GKÖ’lerin hidrolik iletkenlik deneyleri sırasında
bünyelerine su almaya devam etmiş olmalarından kaynaklanmıştır. Diğer yanda, KÖY
ile şişmiş bentonit partiküllerinin durumu daha iyi görüntülenebilmiş, fakat iki
adet permametre ve sıkıştırılmış alt zemin kullanılması gerektiğinden bu
yöntemin TBÖY’e kıyasla daha pahalı ve zahmetli olduğu görülmüştür.
References
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- Jo, H. Y., Benson, C. H., Shackelford, C. D., Lee, J. M., Edil, T. B., Long-term Hydraulic Conductivity of a Geosynthetic Clay Liner Permeated with Inorganic Salt Solutions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131 (4), 405-417, 2005.
- Jo, H. Y., Katsumi, T., Benson, C. H., Edil, T. B., Hydraulic Conductivity and Swelling of Nonprehydrated GCLs Permeated with Single-species Salt Solutions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127 (7), 557-567, 2001.
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- Meer, S.R., Benson, C.H., Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Exhumed From Landfill Final Covers, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133 (5), 550-563, 2007.
- Scalia, J., Benson, C.H., Preferential Flow in Geosynthetic Clay Liners Exhumed from Final Covers with Composite Barriers, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47: 1101-1111, 2011.
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- Sarabian, T., Rayhani, M.T., Hydration of Geosynthetic Clay Liners from Clay Subsoil Under Simulated Field Conditions, Waste Management, 33 (1): 67–73, 2013.
- Barclay, A., Rayhani M.T., Effect of Temperature on Hydration of Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Landfills, Waste Management & Research, 31 (3), 265–72, 2013.
- Chevrier, B., Cazaux, D., Didier, G., Gamet, M., Guyonnet, D., Influence of Subgrade, Temperature and Confining Pressure on GCL Hydration, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 33, 1-6, 2012.
- Katsumi, T., Ishimori, H., Ogawa, A., Maruyama, S., Fukagawa, R., Effects of Water Content Distribution on Hydraulic Conductivity of Prehydrated GCLs Against Calcium Chloride Solutions, Soils and Foundations, 48 (3), 407-417, 2008.
- Bradshaw, S.L., Benson, C.H., Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Leachate on Hydraulic Conductivity and Exchange Complex of Geosynthetic Clay Liners, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140 (4): 04013038, 2013.
- ASTM D698-07, Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3(600 kN-m/m3)), American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa, 2012.
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- ASTM D6766-12, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Aqueous Solutions, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa, 2012.
- Ören A.H., Özdamar T., Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Zeolites, Waste Management and Research, 31, 634-640, 2013.
Year 2018,
Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 8385 - 8409, 01.05.2018
Tuğçe Özdamar Kul
,
Ali Hakan Ören
References
- Bouazza, A., Geosynthetic Clay Liners, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 20, 3-17, 2002.
- Katsumi, T., Ishimori, H., Onikata, M., Fukagawa, R., Long term Barrier Performance of modified bentonite materials Against Sodium and Calcium Permeant Solutions, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 26, 14-30, 2008.
- Lee, J-M., Shackelford, C.D., Impact of Bentonite Quality on Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131 (1): 64–77, 2005.
- Shan, H.Y., Lai, Y.J., Effect of Hydrating Liquid on the Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 20 : 19–38, 2002.
- Jo, H. Y., Benson, C. H., Shackelford, C. D., Lee, J. M., Edil, T. B., Long-term Hydraulic Conductivity of a Geosynthetic Clay Liner Permeated with Inorganic Salt Solutions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131 (4), 405-417, 2005.
- Jo, H. Y., Katsumi, T., Benson, C. H., Edil, T. B., Hydraulic Conductivity and Swelling of Nonprehydrated GCLs Permeated with Single-species Salt Solutions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127 (7), 557-567, 2001.
- Benson, C.H., Ören, A.H, Gates, W.P., Hydraulic Conductivity of Two Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with a Hyperalkaline Solution.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 28(2), 206-218, 2010.
- Ören, A. H., Demirkıran H., Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Hidrolik İletkenliklerinin Laboratuvarda Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma, İMO Teknik Dergi, 26(4), 7191-7213, 2015.
- Meer, S.R., Benson, C.H., Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Exhumed From Landfill Final Covers, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133 (5), 550-563, 2007.
- Scalia, J., Benson, C.H., Preferential Flow in Geosynthetic Clay Liners Exhumed from Final Covers with Composite Barriers, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47: 1101-1111, 2011.
- Benson, C.H., Thorstad, P.A., Jo, H.Y., Rock S.A., Hydraulic Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners in a Landfill Final Cover, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133 (7), 814-827, 2007.
- Estornell, P., Daniel, D., Hydraulic Conductivity of Three Geosynthetic Clay Liners, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 118(10), 1592–1606, 1992.
- Petrov, R. J., Rowe, R. K., Quigley, R. M., Selected Factors Influencing GCL Hydraulic Conductivity, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123(8), 683-695, 1997.
- Rayhani, M.T., Rowe, R.K., Brachman, R.W., Take, W.A., Siemens, G., Factors Affecting GCL Hydration Under Isothermal Conditions, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 29 (6): 525–533, 2011.
- Anderson, R., Rayhani, M. T., Rowe, R. K., Laboratory Investigation of GCL Hydration from Clayey Sand Subsoils, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 31, 31-38, 2012.
- Sarabian, T., Rayhani, M.T., Hydration of Geosynthetic Clay Liners from Clay Subsoil Under Simulated Field Conditions, Waste Management, 33 (1): 67–73, 2013.
- Barclay, A., Rayhani M.T., Effect of Temperature on Hydration of Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Landfills, Waste Management & Research, 31 (3), 265–72, 2013.
- Chevrier, B., Cazaux, D., Didier, G., Gamet, M., Guyonnet, D., Influence of Subgrade, Temperature and Confining Pressure on GCL Hydration, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 33, 1-6, 2012.
- Katsumi, T., Ishimori, H., Ogawa, A., Maruyama, S., Fukagawa, R., Effects of Water Content Distribution on Hydraulic Conductivity of Prehydrated GCLs Against Calcium Chloride Solutions, Soils and Foundations, 48 (3), 407-417, 2008.
- Bradshaw, S.L., Benson, C.H., Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Leachate on Hydraulic Conductivity and Exchange Complex of Geosynthetic Clay Liners, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140 (4): 04013038, 2013.
- ASTM D698-07, Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3(600 kN-m/m3)), American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa, 2012.
- Ören A.H., Demirkıran H., Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Hidrolik İletkenliklerinin Laboratuvarda Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma.” İMO Teknik Dergi, 26 (129), 7191-7213, 2015.
- ASTM D6766-12, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Aqueous Solutions, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa, 2012.
- Ören A.H., Özdamar T., Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Zeolites, Waste Management and Research, 31, 634-640, 2013.