Tsunami Afeti Sonrası Yapısal ve Sosyal Planlama, Yapılanma Aşamaları ve Farkındalık: Japonya Örneği

Year 2018, Volume: 29 Issue: 5, 8605 - 8630, 01.09.2018

Hasan Gökhan Güler , Ceren Özer Sözdinler , Taro Arıkawa Ahmet Cevdet Yalçıner

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.307568

Cited By: 4

Abstract

11
Mart 2011 tarihinde gerçekleşen 9.1 şiddetindeki depremin yarattığı tsunami,
Japonya’nın doğu kıyısı boyunca çok sayıda can kaybına ve ciddi hasara yol
açmıştır. 2011 Tsunamisi’nin ardından Japonya’da yapılan planlama ve yeniden
yapım çalışmaları alınması gereken önlemlere önemli bir örnek teşkil
etmektedir. Bu çalışmada afetin beş yıl ardından bölgeye yapılan iki saha
araştırma gezisinde gözlemlenen yapısal ve sosyal planlama, yapılanma, afet
yönetimi ve afet farkındalığı yaratma çalışmaları ayrıntılarıyla sunulmuş ve
Türkiye’deki mevcut çalışmalar tartışılmıştır. 

Keywords

tsunami, Japonya, afet önlemleri, afet farkındalığı

References

• Suppasri, A., Shuto, N., Imamura, F., Koshimura, S., Mas, E., Yalçıner, A. C., Lessons Learned From the 2011 GEJE: Perf. of Tsunami Countermeasures, Coast. Build. and Tsunami Evacuation in Japan. Pure and App. Geophysics, 170 (6-8), 993-1018, 2013.
• Mori, N., Takahashi, T., Tohoku EQ Tsunami J. Survey Group, Nationwide Post Event Survey and Anal. of the 2011 Tohoku EQ Tsunami, CEJ, 52(1), 1250001, 2012.
• Mori, N., Takahashi, T., Yasuda, T., Yanagisawa, H., Survey of 2011 Tohoku EQ Tsunami Inundation and Run-up. Geo. Phy. Res. Let., Vol. 38, L00G14, 2011.
• Okal, E. A., The Quest for Wisdom: Lessons from 17 Tsunamis, 2004-2014. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A., 373:20140370, 2015.
• Suppasri, A., Koshimura, S., Imai, K., Mas, E., Gokon, H., Muhari, A., Imamura, F., Dam. Charac. and Field Sur. of the 2011 GEJE in Miyagi. CEJ, 52(1), 1250005, 2012a.
• Suppasri, A., Mas, E., Koshimura, S., Imai, K., Harada, K., Imamura, F., Developing Tsunami Fragility Curves from the Surveyed Data of the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in Sendai and Ishinomaki Plains. CEJ, 52(1), 1250008, 2012b.
• Gokon, H., Koshimura, S., Mapping of Building Damage of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami in Miyagi Prefecture. CEJ, 54(1), 1250006, 2012.
• Kakinuma, T., Tsujimoto, G., Yasuda, T., Tamada, T., Trace Survey Results of the 2011 Tohoku EQ Tsunami in the North of Miyagi Prefecture and Numerical Simulation of Bidirectional Tsunamis in Utatsusaki Peninsula. CEJ.54(1), 1250007, 2012.
• Mikami, T., Shibayama, T., Esteban, M., Matsumaru, R., Field Survey of the 2011 Tohoku EQ and Tsunami in Miyagi and Fukushima Pref. CEJ.54(1), 1250011, 2012.
• Ogasawara, T., Matsubayashi, Y., Sakai, S., Yasuda, T., Charac. of 2011 Tohoku EQ and Tsunami and its Impact on the Northern Iwate Coast. CEJ. 52(1), 1250003, 2012
• Shimozono, T., Sato, S., Okayasu, A., Tajima, Y., Fritz, H. M., Liu, H., Takagawa, T., Propagation and Inundation Characteristics of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami on the Central Sanriku Coast. CEJ. 52(1), 1250004, 2012.
• Watanabe, Y., Mitobe, Y., Saruwatari, A., Yamada, T., Niida, Y., Evolution of the 2011 Tohoku EQ Tsunami of the Pacific Coast of Hokkaido. CEJ. 52(1), 1250002, 2012.
• Sasaki, J., Ito, K., Suzuki, T., Wiyono, R. U. A., Oda, Y., Takayama, Y., Yokota, K., Furuta, A., Takagi, H., Behavior of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami and Resultant Damage in Tokyo Bay. CEJ.52(1), 1250012, 2012.
• JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency), Lessons Learned from the Tsunami Disaster Caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Improvements in JMA’s Tsunami Warning System. JMA, Tokyo, Japan, 2013.
• Raby, A., Macabuag, J., Pomonis, A., Wilkinson, S., Rossetto, T., Implications of the 2011 GEJE on Sea Def. Design. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduction. Vol. 14, 332-346, 2015.
• Takahashi, S., Three Level Disaster Management for Resilient Coastal Communities. Int. Conf. Coast. Eng., Türkiye, 2016.
• Yalçıner, A. C., Özer, C., Zaytsev, A., Suppasri, A., Mas, E., Kalligeris, N., Necmioğlu, Ö., Imamura, F., Özel, N. M., Synolakis, C., Field Survey on the Coastal Impacts of March, 11, 2011 GEJE. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco USA, 2011.
• Synolakis, C., Kanoğlu, U., The Fukushima Accident Was Preventable. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 373: 20140379, 2015.
• Guler, H. G., Arikawa, T., Oei, T., Yalciner, A. C., Performance of Rubble Mound Breakwaters under Tsunami Attack, A Case Study: Haydarpasa Port, Istanbul, Turkey. Coastal Engineering, Vol. 104, 43-53, 2015.
• JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers), Standard Specifications for Concrete Structures, Technical Standards, Japan, 2002.
• Suppasri, A., Latcharote, P., Bricker, J. D., Leelawat, N., Hayashi, A., Yamashita, K., Makinoshima, F., Roeber, V., Imamura, F., Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami – Situation After Five Years. CEJ. (58), 4, 2016.
• Chock, G., Yu, G., Thio, H. K., Lynett, P. J., Target Structural Reliability Analysis for Tsunami Hydrodynamic Loads of the ASCE 7 Standard. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering. 142(11):04016092, 2016.
• Yalciner, A.C., Alpar, B., Altinok, Y., Ozbay, I., Imamura, F., Tsunamis in the Sea of Marmara – Historical Documents for the Past, Models for the Future. Marine Geology, 190 (1-2), 445-463, 2002.
• Yalçıner, A. C., Kuran, U., Minoura, K., Imamura, F., Takahashi, T., Papadopoulos, G., Ersoy, Ş., Türkiye Kıyılarında Depreşim Dalgası (Tsunami) İzleri. Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri (430), 50/2005-4, 2005a.
• Yalçıner, A. C., Özer, C., Karakuş, H., Zaytsev, A., Güler, I., Evaluation of Coastal Risk at Selected Sites against Eastern Mediterranean Tsunamis. Int. Conf. On Coast. Eng. Proceed., China, 2010.
• Altinok, Y., Alpar, B., Ozer, N., Aykurt, H., Rev. of the Tsunami Catalogue Affecting Turkish Coasts and Surroun. Regions, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 11, 273–291, 2011.
• Hebert, H., Schindele, F., Altınok, Y., Alpar, B., Gazioğlu, C., Tsunami Hazard in the Marmara Sea (Turkey): A Numerical Approach to Discuss Active Faulting and Impact on the Istanbul Coastal Areas. Marine Geology 2015, 23-43, 2005.
• Latcharote, P., Suppasri, A., Imamura, F., Aytöre, B., Yalçıner, A. C., Possible Worst-Case Tsunami Scenarios around the Marmara Sea from Combined Earthquake and Landslide Sources. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 173: 3823, 2016.
• Yalçıner, A. C., Pelinovsky, E., Zaitsev, A., Kurkin, A., Özer, C., Karakus, H., Özyurt, G., Modeling and Visualization of Tsunamis: Mediterranean Examples. Tsunami and Nonlinear Waves, Ed.: Anjan Kundu, Springer, 2007.
• Yalçıner, A. C., Özyurt, G., Özer, C., Karakuş, H., Şafak, I., 26 Aralık 2004 Hint Okyanusu Depreşim Dalgasının Benzetimi. Türkiye Müh. Haberleri (430), 2005b.
• Synolakis, C., The History of Real-Time Tsunami Warnings, Int. Conf. Coast. Eng., Türkiye, 2016.
• IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), Fukushima Daiichi Status Updates Website, https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/fukushima/status-update, 2017.
• Arikawa, T., Sato, M., Shimosako, K., Hasegawa, I., Yeom, G.S., Tomita, T., Failure Mechanism of Kamaishi Breakwaters due to the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami. Int. Conf. on Coast. Eng. Proceed., Spain, 2012.
• Özer Sözdinler, C., Yalçıner, A. C., Zaytsev, A., Suppasri, A., Imamura, F., Investigation of Hydrodynamic Parameters and the Effects of Breakwaters during the 2011. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 172.12:3473-3491, 2015.
• Suppasri, A., Charvet, I., Macabuag, J., Rossetto, T., Leelawat, N., Latcharote, P., Imamura, F., Building Damage Assessment and Implications for Future Tsunami Fragility Estimations. Handbook of Coast. Dis. Mit. Eng. and Planners, ed.: Esteban, M., Takagi, H., Shibayama, T., Elsevier, USA, 2015.
• Koshimura, S., Hayashi, S., Gokon, H., The Impact of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Disaster and Impl. to the Reconst. Soils and Foundations. 54-4, 560-572, 2014.
• Imamura, F., Yalçıner, A. C., Özyurt, G., TUNAMI Manual. Tohoku Uni., Japan, 2006.
• Titov, V., Kânoğlu, U., Synolakis, C., Development of MOST for Real-Time Tsunami Forecasting. ASCE J. Water., Port, Coast., and Ocean Eng. 142(6):03116004, 2016.
• Liu, P. L. F., Cho, Y. S., Yoon, S. B., Seo, S. N., Numerical Simulations of the 1960 Chilean Tsunami Propagation and Inundation at Hilo, Hawaii. Recent Dev. in Tsunami Res., ed.: M. I. El-Sabh, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1994.
• Yalciner, A. C., Pelinovsky, E., Zaytsev, A., Kurkin, A., Özer, C., Karakuş, H., NAMIDANCE Manual. METU Ocean Eng. Research Center, Ankara, Turkey, 2006.
• Baba, T., Takahashi, N., Kaneda, Y., Inazawa, Y., Kikkajin, M., Tsunami Inundation Modeling of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake using Three-Dimensional Building data for Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Tsunami Events and Lessons Learned: Ecological and Social Sig., ed.: Kontar, Y. A., Fandino, V. S., Takahashi, T., Springer, 2014.
• Yamazaki, Y., Kowalik, Z., Cheung, K. F., Depth-Integrated, Non-Hydrostatic Model for Wave Breaking and Runup. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 61(5), 473–497, 2009.
• Arikawa, T., Tomita, T. Development of High Precision Tsunami Runup Calculation Method Based on a Hierarchical Simulation, J. Dis. Research. Vol 11, 639-646, 2016
• Ozaki, T., JMA’s Tsunami Warning for the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami Warning Improvement Plan. J. Disaster Res.7(sp), 439–445, 2012.
• Madran, E., Kent Belleğinin Oluşumunda Mimarlık Yapıtları. Mimarlık, 298, 2001.
• Kuzucu, K., Osmanlı Döneminde Afet Yönetimine Dönük Bir Girişim: 1892 Tarihli Arama Kurtarma Örgütü: Heyet-i Tahlisiye. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Eğitim Bil. Ve Sos. Bil. Kong. Bild., Ankara, 2016.
• ASTARTE Ekibi, Report on Preparedness Skills, Resources and Attitudes within the Communities – Deliverable 9.7, ASTARTE Project Deliverables, 2017.
• Altinok, Y., Tinti, S., Alpar, B., Yalciner, A. C., Ersoy, Ş., Bortolucci, Armigliato, A., The Tsunami of August 17, 1999 in Izmit Bay. Nat. Hazards, Vol. 24, 133-146, 2001.
• Yalçıner, A.C., Synolakis, C.E., Alpar, B., Borrero, J., Altınok, Y., Imamura, F., Tinti, S., Ersoy, Ş., Kuran, U., Pamukçu, S., Kanoğlu, U., Field Surveys and Modeling of the 1999 İzmit Tsunami. ITS 2011 Proceed., Seattle, USA, 2001.