Corrosion Behavior of Rebars Embedded in Alkali-Activated and Conventional Reactive Powder Concretes
Year 2020,
Volume: 31 Issue: 6, 10359 - 10378, 01.11.2020
Hüseyin Yiğiter
,
Ahsanollah Beglarıgale
,
Serdar Aydın
,
Bülent Baradan
Abstract
The present study investigated the corrosion behavior of reinforcement bars embedded in alkali-activated (ARPC) and conventional (CRPC) reactive powder concretes. Corrosion progress in 3.5% NaCl solution, water and air environments were monitored up to 365 days. The physical and mechanical characteristics, such as water absorption, rapid chloride ion permeability, compressive and flexural strength, and corrosion characteristics, such as half cell potential and corrosion current intensity results were compared for ARPC and CRPC matrices. Even for the same mechanical performance, alkali-activated mortars were found to have a high permeable structure and an early depassivation of the rebars occurred. In the propagation stage of chloride induced corrosion, almost 13 times higher corrosion current intensity values were measured as well as earlier deterioration and cracking was observed for ARPC compared to CRPC.
References
- 1. Aydın, S., Development of a Fiber Reinforced Composite with Alkali Activated Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, in The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. 2010, Dokuz Eylul University: Turkey.
- 2. Bonneau, O., et al., Characterization of the granular packing and percolation threshold of reactive powder concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 30(12), 1861-1867, 2000.
- 3. Ju, Y., et al., Toughness and characterization of reactive powder concrete with ultra-high strength. Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences. 52(4), 1000-1018, 2009.
- 4. Richard, P. and M.H. Cheyrezy, Reactive powder concretes with high ductility and 200-800 MPa compressive strength. Special Publication. 144507-518, 1994.
- 5. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, Effect of activator type and content on properties of alkali-activated slag mortars. Composites Part B-Engineering. 57166-172, 2014.
- 6. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, Mechanical and microstructural properties of heat cured alkali-activated slag mortars. Materials & Design. 35374-383, 2012.
- 7. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, The effect of fiber properties on high performance alkali-activated slag/silica fume mortars. Composites Part B-Engineering. 45(1), 63-69, 2013.
- 8. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, Engineering Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete without Portland Cement. Aci Materials Journal. 110(6), 619-627, 2013.
- 9. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, High Temperature Resistance of Alkali-Activated Slag- and Portland Cement-Based Reactive Powder Concrete. ACI Materials Journal. 109(4), 463-470, 2012.
- 10. Wang, W.R., et al., Corrosion behavior of steel bars immersed in simulated pore solutions of alkali-activated slag mortar. Construction and Building Materials. 143289-297, 2017.
- 11. Ma, Q.M., et al., Chloride transport and the resulting corrosion of steel bars in alkali activated slag concretes. Materials and Structures. 49(9), 3663-3677, 2016.
- 12. Holloway, M. and J.M. Sykes, Studies of the corrosion of mild steel in alkali-activated slag cement mortars with sodium chloride admixtures by a galvanostatic pulse method. Corrosion Science. 47(12), 3097-3110, 2005.
- 13. Babaee, M. and A. Castel, Chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement in low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 88, 96-107, 2016.
- 14. Chaparro, W.A., J.H.B. Ruiz, and R.D.T. Gomez, Corrosion of Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Alkali-activated Slag Concrete Subjected to Chloride Attack. Materials Research-Ibero-American Journal of Materials. 15(1), 57-62, 2012.
- 15. Aperador, W., R.M. de Gutierrez, and D.M. Bastidas, Steel corrosion behaviour in carbonated alkali-activated slag concrete. Corrosion Science. 51(9), 2027-2033, 2009.
- 16. Monticelli, C., et al., A study on the corrosion of reinforcing bars in alkali-activated fly ash mortars under wet and dry exposures to chloride solutions. Cement and Concrete Research. 8753-63, 2016.
- 17. ASTM C642-13. Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete. 2013, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA.
- 18. ASTM C1202-05. Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration. 2005, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA.
- 19. Monticelli, C., et al., Corrosion behavior of steel in alkali-activated fly ash mortars in the light of their microstructural, mechanical and chemical characterization. Cement and Concrete Research. 8060-68, 2016.
- 20. Najimi, M., et al., Comparative Study of Alkali-Activated Natural Pozzolan and Fly Ash Mortars. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 30(6), 2018.
- 21. ASTM C876-09. Standard Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete. 2009, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA.
- 22. Yiğiter, H., The Determination Of Chloride Induced Corrosion Of Rebars By Electrochemical Methods, in The Graduate School of Natural And Applied Sciences. 2008, Dokuz Eylül University: Izmir.
- 23. Yiğiter, H., et al., An Investigation On The Effects Of Cement Type And Concrete Quality On Durability Of Concrete And Rebar Corrosion Under Real Seawater Exposure. 2016, TÜBİTAK-Project No: 112M899: Izmir.
- 24. Andrade, C., et al., Test methods for on-site corrosion rate measurement of steel reinforcement in concrete by means of the polarization resistance method. Materials and Structures. 37(273), 623-643, 2004.
Corrosion Behavior of Rebars Embedded in Alkali-Activated and Conventional Reactive Powder Concretes
Year 2020,
Volume: 31 Issue: 6, 10359 - 10378, 01.11.2020
Hüseyin Yiğiter
,
Ahsanollah Beglarıgale
,
Serdar Aydın
,
Bülent Baradan
Abstract
The present study investigated the corrosion behavior of reinforcement bars embedded in alkali-activated (ARPC) and conventional (CRPC) reactive powder concretes. Corrosion progress in 3.5% NaCl solution, water and air environments were monitored up to 365 days. The physical and mechanical characteristics, such as water absorption, rapid chloride ion permeability, compressive and flexural strength, and corrosion characteristics, such as half cell potential and corrosion current intensity results were compared for ARPC and CRPC matrices. Even for the same mechanical performance, alkali-activated mortars were found to have a high permeable structure and an early depassivation of the rebars occurred. In the propagation stage of chloride induced corrosion, almost 13 times higher corrosion current intensity values were measured as well as earlier deterioration and cracking was observed for ARPC compared to CRPC.
References
- 1. Aydın, S., Development of a Fiber Reinforced Composite with Alkali Activated Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, in The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. 2010, Dokuz Eylul University: Turkey.
- 2. Bonneau, O., et al., Characterization of the granular packing and percolation threshold of reactive powder concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 30(12), 1861-1867, 2000.
- 3. Ju, Y., et al., Toughness and characterization of reactive powder concrete with ultra-high strength. Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences. 52(4), 1000-1018, 2009.
- 4. Richard, P. and M.H. Cheyrezy, Reactive powder concretes with high ductility and 200-800 MPa compressive strength. Special Publication. 144507-518, 1994.
- 5. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, Effect of activator type and content on properties of alkali-activated slag mortars. Composites Part B-Engineering. 57166-172, 2014.
- 6. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, Mechanical and microstructural properties of heat cured alkali-activated slag mortars. Materials & Design. 35374-383, 2012.
- 7. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, The effect of fiber properties on high performance alkali-activated slag/silica fume mortars. Composites Part B-Engineering. 45(1), 63-69, 2013.
- 8. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, Engineering Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete without Portland Cement. Aci Materials Journal. 110(6), 619-627, 2013.
- 9. Aydin, S. and B. Baradan, High Temperature Resistance of Alkali-Activated Slag- and Portland Cement-Based Reactive Powder Concrete. ACI Materials Journal. 109(4), 463-470, 2012.
- 10. Wang, W.R., et al., Corrosion behavior of steel bars immersed in simulated pore solutions of alkali-activated slag mortar. Construction and Building Materials. 143289-297, 2017.
- 11. Ma, Q.M., et al., Chloride transport and the resulting corrosion of steel bars in alkali activated slag concretes. Materials and Structures. 49(9), 3663-3677, 2016.
- 12. Holloway, M. and J.M. Sykes, Studies of the corrosion of mild steel in alkali-activated slag cement mortars with sodium chloride admixtures by a galvanostatic pulse method. Corrosion Science. 47(12), 3097-3110, 2005.
- 13. Babaee, M. and A. Castel, Chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement in low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 88, 96-107, 2016.
- 14. Chaparro, W.A., J.H.B. Ruiz, and R.D.T. Gomez, Corrosion of Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Alkali-activated Slag Concrete Subjected to Chloride Attack. Materials Research-Ibero-American Journal of Materials. 15(1), 57-62, 2012.
- 15. Aperador, W., R.M. de Gutierrez, and D.M. Bastidas, Steel corrosion behaviour in carbonated alkali-activated slag concrete. Corrosion Science. 51(9), 2027-2033, 2009.
- 16. Monticelli, C., et al., A study on the corrosion of reinforcing bars in alkali-activated fly ash mortars under wet and dry exposures to chloride solutions. Cement and Concrete Research. 8753-63, 2016.
- 17. ASTM C642-13. Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete. 2013, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA.
- 18. ASTM C1202-05. Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration. 2005, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA.
- 19. Monticelli, C., et al., Corrosion behavior of steel in alkali-activated fly ash mortars in the light of their microstructural, mechanical and chemical characterization. Cement and Concrete Research. 8060-68, 2016.
- 20. Najimi, M., et al., Comparative Study of Alkali-Activated Natural Pozzolan and Fly Ash Mortars. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 30(6), 2018.
- 21. ASTM C876-09. Standard Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete. 2009, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA.
- 22. Yiğiter, H., The Determination Of Chloride Induced Corrosion Of Rebars By Electrochemical Methods, in The Graduate School of Natural And Applied Sciences. 2008, Dokuz Eylül University: Izmir.
- 23. Yiğiter, H., et al., An Investigation On The Effects Of Cement Type And Concrete Quality On Durability Of Concrete And Rebar Corrosion Under Real Seawater Exposure. 2016, TÜBİTAK-Project No: 112M899: Izmir.
- 24. Andrade, C., et al., Test methods for on-site corrosion rate measurement of steel reinforcement in concrete by means of the polarization resistance method. Materials and Structures. 37(273), 623-643, 2004.