Evaluation of Load-Transfer Efficiency of Steel Mesh Reinforced Contraction Joints in Concrete Pavement: Accelerated Pavement Test and FE Analysis
Abstract
Transverse contraction joints are by far the most common type of joint in jointed plain concrete pavements. Early loading of contraction joints can create a weakened vertical plane and later grow as a full-depth crack. In this study, load transfer efficiency (LTE) of steel mesh reinforced transverse contraction joints were studied at accelerated pavement tests (APT). 3D finite element (FE) model of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) was developed to study deflections and crack propagation in just under the joint of the concrete pavement. The APT tests were focused on the LTE values before and after the crack initiation under the contraction joint region. Experiments were performed on three slabs in which two of these slabs were prepared without reinforcement and one of them was reinforced with steel mesh. Data generated by APT was used for verification of crack propagation modeling in the finite element analysis. Steel mesh reinforced slab gave the lowest vertical deflections (51μm) and highest LTE (91.56%). The LTE value in the reinforced slab after 25,000 passes was 13.63% higher than the average of unreinforced slabs. The findings suggest that the load transfer efficiency was found to be a complex parameter and should be interpreted together with average displacement values when contraction joints are evaluated at early traffic loadings.
Keywords
Accelerated pavement test finite element analysis concrete pavement transverse contraction joint steel mesh reinforcement
Supporting Institution
TUBITAK
Project Number
217M481
Thanks
This study was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (1001-Scientific and Technological Research Projects Funding Program Grant No: 217M481)
References
- ACI (American Concrete Institute), Joints in Concrete Construction, ACI 224.3R-95, 2001.
- Springenschmid, R., Reimer, B., Fleischer, W., Construction of concrete pavements in West Germany. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1182, 12-17, 1988.
- Bautista, F. E., Basheer, I., Jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) preservation and rehabilitation design guide, California Department of Transportation (CDOT) Division of Design, 2008.
- Suprenant, A. B., Saw cutting joints in concrete, 1995. Available from: https://www.concreteconstruction.net/how-to/construction/sawcutting-joints-in-concrete_o [Accessed 1 January 1995].
- ACI (American Concrete Institute), Guide for design and construction of new jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCPs), Report No. ACI 325.12R-02, 2002.
- Colley, B. E., Humphrey, H. M., Aggregate interlock at joints in concrete pavements. Bulletin HRB National Research Council, 189, 1-18, 1967.
- Bishoff, D., Toepel, A., Dowel bar retrofit-STH 13 Construction and one-year performance report, Report No. WI-07-02, Wisconsin Department of Transportation, 2002.
- Hanekom, A. C., Horak, E., Visser, A.T., Comparison of South African and American aggregate interlock efficiency at concrete pavement joints. In: Proceedings of the 16th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, University of Washington, Seattle, 2003.
- CDOT (California Department of Transportation), Guide for Design and Construction of New Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCPs), 2008.
- Darter, M., Barenberg, E., Yrjanson, W., Joint repair methods for Portland cement concrete pavements, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 281, 1985.
- FHWA (Federal Highway Administration), Pavement subsurface drainage, Technical Guide Paper 90-01, 1990.
- Bennert, T. A., A rational approach to the prediction of reflective cracking in bituminous overlays for concrete pavements, Thesis (PhD), The State University of New Jersey, 2009.
- Khazanovich, L., Rita, L., Tompkins, D., Guidelines for the Rehabilitation of concrete pavements using asphalt overlays, Report No: FHWA TPF-5 (149), University of Minnesota, 2012.
- Shoukry, S. N., William, W. G., Riad, M.Y., Evaluation of load transfer efficiency measurement, Mid-Atlantic Universities Transportation Center, Report No: WVU-2002-04, 2005.
- Sadeghi, V., Hesami S., Investigation of load transfer efficiency in jointed plainconcrete pavements (JPCP) using FEM. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11 (3), 253-264, 2018.
- Ioannides, A. M., Korovesis, G., Aggregate interlock: a pure-shear load transfer mechanism. Transportation Research Record, 1286, 14-24, 1990.
- Metcalf, J. B., Application of full-scale accelerated pavement testing, NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 235, TRB National Research Council, 1996.
- McCullough, B. F., Dossey, T., Cho, Y. H., Case study of overlay performance on rigid pavement in Bowie Country. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1525 (1), 107-114, 1996.
- Metcalf, J. B., Rasoulian, M., Romanochi, S., Yongqi, L., Construction and comparison of Louisiana’s conventional and alternative base courses under accelerated loading, Lousiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC) Report No. 93-1ALF, 1998.
- Romanoschi, S. A., Metcalf, J. B., Li, Y., Rasoulian, M., Assessment of pavement life at the first full-scale accelerated pavement test in Louisiana, In: 1998 TRB Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1998.
- Li, Y., Metcalf, J. B., Romanoschi, S. A., Rasoulian, M., Soil-Cement Base Pavements under Accelerated Loading, In: 1999 TRB Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1999.
- Saeed, A., Hall, J. W., Accelerated pavement testing: Data guidelines. Washington D.C.: National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP Report No. 512, 2003.
- Perez, S. A., Balay, J. M., Tamagny, P., Petit, Ch., Accelerated pavement testing and modelling of reflective cracking in pavements. Engineering Failure Analysis. 14 (8), 1526-1537, 2007.
- ACPA (American Concrete Pavement Association), Design of concrete pavement for city streets. IS184P1992, 2016.
- Changshun, H., Dongwei, C., Structural Study of Asphalt Concrete Overlays on the Existing Portland Cement Concrete Pavement. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 3 (3), 1999.
- Wu, R., Harvey, T., Signore, M. J., Cracking and rutting performance of composite pavements under testing with heavy vehicle simulator. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2304 (1), 177-184, 2012.
- Yin, H., Full-scale test of thermally induced reflective cracking in airport pavements. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16 (1), 119-132, 2015.
- Plessis, L. D., Strauss, P. J., Perrie, B. D., Rossmann D., Accelerated pavement testing of load transfer through aggregate interlock and the influence of crack width and aggregate type - A case study, International Workshop on Best Practices for Concrete Pavements, South Africa, 2007.
- Joshi, S., Harle, S. M., Linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) & its application in Civil Engineering. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 3 (4), 62-66, 2017.
- Huang, Y., Evaluating pavement response and performance with different simulative tests. Thesis (PhD).Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2017.
- ABAQUS/CAE v6.12 Programme, Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp. Providence, RI, USA, 2017.
- Hüsem, M., Coşğun, S. I., Behavior of reinforced concrete plates under impact loading: different support conditions and sizes. Computers and Concrete, 18(3), 389-404, 2016.
- Alejano, L. R., Bobet, A., Drucker–Prager criterion. In The ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: 2007-2014, 247-252, Springer, Cham, 2012.
- Wayessa, G. S., Quezon, E. T., Kumela, T., Analysis of stress-strain and deflection of flexible pavements using finite element method case study on Bako-Nekemte Road. Journal of Civil. Construction and Environmental Engineering, 2(4), 100-111, 2017.
- Khazanovich, L., Gotlif, A., Evaluation of joint and crack load transfer final report. Technical Report No. FHWA-RD-02-088, Federal Highway Administration, 2003.
Evaluation of Load-Transfer Efficiency of Steel Mesh Reinforced Contraction Joints in Concrete Pavement: Accelerated Pavement Test and FE Analysis
Abstract
Transverse contraction joints are by far the most common type of joint in jointed plain concrete pavements. Early loading of contraction joints can create a weakened vertical plane and later grow as a full-depth crack. In this study, load transfer efficiency (LTE) of steel mesh reinforced transverse contraction joints were studied at accelerated pavement tests (APT). 3D finite element (FE) model of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) was developed to study deflections and crack propagation in just under the joint of the concrete pavement. The APT tests were focused on the LTE values before and after the crack initiation under the contraction joint region. Experiments were performed on three slabs in which two of these slabs were prepared without reinforcement and one of them was reinforced with steel mesh. Data generated by APT was used for verification of crack propagation modeling in the finite element analysis. Steel mesh reinforced slab gave the lowest vertical deflections (51μm) and highest LTE (91.56%). The LTE value in the reinforced slab after 25,000 passes was 13.63% higher than the average of unreinforced slabs. The findings suggest that the load transfer efficiency was found to be a complex parameter and should be interpreted together with average displacement values when contraction joints are evaluated at early traffic loadings.
Keywords
Accelerated pavement test finite element analysis concrete pavement transverse contraction joint steel mesh reinforcement
Project Number
217M481
References
- ACI (American Concrete Institute), Joints in Concrete Construction, ACI 224.3R-95, 2001.
- Springenschmid, R., Reimer, B., Fleischer, W., Construction of concrete pavements in West Germany. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1182, 12-17, 1988.
- Bautista, F. E., Basheer, I., Jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) preservation and rehabilitation design guide, California Department of Transportation (CDOT) Division of Design, 2008.
- Suprenant, A. B., Saw cutting joints in concrete, 1995. Available from: https://www.concreteconstruction.net/how-to/construction/sawcutting-joints-in-concrete_o [Accessed 1 January 1995].
- ACI (American Concrete Institute), Guide for design and construction of new jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCPs), Report No. ACI 325.12R-02, 2002.
- Colley, B. E., Humphrey, H. M., Aggregate interlock at joints in concrete pavements. Bulletin HRB National Research Council, 189, 1-18, 1967.
- Bishoff, D., Toepel, A., Dowel bar retrofit-STH 13 Construction and one-year performance report, Report No. WI-07-02, Wisconsin Department of Transportation, 2002.
- Hanekom, A. C., Horak, E., Visser, A.T., Comparison of South African and American aggregate interlock efficiency at concrete pavement joints. In: Proceedings of the 16th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, University of Washington, Seattle, 2003.
- CDOT (California Department of Transportation), Guide for Design and Construction of New Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCPs), 2008.
- Darter, M., Barenberg, E., Yrjanson, W., Joint repair methods for Portland cement concrete pavements, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 281, 1985.
- FHWA (Federal Highway Administration), Pavement subsurface drainage, Technical Guide Paper 90-01, 1990.
- Bennert, T. A., A rational approach to the prediction of reflective cracking in bituminous overlays for concrete pavements, Thesis (PhD), The State University of New Jersey, 2009.
- Khazanovich, L., Rita, L., Tompkins, D., Guidelines for the Rehabilitation of concrete pavements using asphalt overlays, Report No: FHWA TPF-5 (149), University of Minnesota, 2012.
- Shoukry, S. N., William, W. G., Riad, M.Y., Evaluation of load transfer efficiency measurement, Mid-Atlantic Universities Transportation Center, Report No: WVU-2002-04, 2005.
- Sadeghi, V., Hesami S., Investigation of load transfer efficiency in jointed plainconcrete pavements (JPCP) using FEM. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11 (3), 253-264, 2018.
- Ioannides, A. M., Korovesis, G., Aggregate interlock: a pure-shear load transfer mechanism. Transportation Research Record, 1286, 14-24, 1990.
- Metcalf, J. B., Application of full-scale accelerated pavement testing, NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 235, TRB National Research Council, 1996.
- McCullough, B. F., Dossey, T., Cho, Y. H., Case study of overlay performance on rigid pavement in Bowie Country. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1525 (1), 107-114, 1996.
- Metcalf, J. B., Rasoulian, M., Romanochi, S., Yongqi, L., Construction and comparison of Louisiana’s conventional and alternative base courses under accelerated loading, Lousiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC) Report No. 93-1ALF, 1998.
- Romanoschi, S. A., Metcalf, J. B., Li, Y., Rasoulian, M., Assessment of pavement life at the first full-scale accelerated pavement test in Louisiana, In: 1998 TRB Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1998.
- Li, Y., Metcalf, J. B., Romanoschi, S. A., Rasoulian, M., Soil-Cement Base Pavements under Accelerated Loading, In: 1999 TRB Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1999.
- Saeed, A., Hall, J. W., Accelerated pavement testing: Data guidelines. Washington D.C.: National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP Report No. 512, 2003.
- Perez, S. A., Balay, J. M., Tamagny, P., Petit, Ch., Accelerated pavement testing and modelling of reflective cracking in pavements. Engineering Failure Analysis. 14 (8), 1526-1537, 2007.
- ACPA (American Concrete Pavement Association), Design of concrete pavement for city streets. IS184P1992, 2016.
- Changshun, H., Dongwei, C., Structural Study of Asphalt Concrete Overlays on the Existing Portland Cement Concrete Pavement. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 3 (3), 1999.
- Wu, R., Harvey, T., Signore, M. J., Cracking and rutting performance of composite pavements under testing with heavy vehicle simulator. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2304 (1), 177-184, 2012.
- Yin, H., Full-scale test of thermally induced reflective cracking in airport pavements. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16 (1), 119-132, 2015.
- Plessis, L. D., Strauss, P. J., Perrie, B. D., Rossmann D., Accelerated pavement testing of load transfer through aggregate interlock and the influence of crack width and aggregate type - A case study, International Workshop on Best Practices for Concrete Pavements, South Africa, 2007.
- Joshi, S., Harle, S. M., Linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) & its application in Civil Engineering. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 3 (4), 62-66, 2017.
- Huang, Y., Evaluating pavement response and performance with different simulative tests. Thesis (PhD).Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2017.
- ABAQUS/CAE v6.12 Programme, Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp. Providence, RI, USA, 2017.
- Hüsem, M., Coşğun, S. I., Behavior of reinforced concrete plates under impact loading: different support conditions and sizes. Computers and Concrete, 18(3), 389-404, 2016.
- Alejano, L. R., Bobet, A., Drucker–Prager criterion. In The ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: 2007-2014, 247-252, Springer, Cham, 2012.
- Wayessa, G. S., Quezon, E. T., Kumela, T., Analysis of stress-strain and deflection of flexible pavements using finite element method case study on Bako-Nekemte Road. Journal of Civil. Construction and Environmental Engineering, 2(4), 100-111, 2017.
- Khazanovich, L., Gotlif, A., Evaluation of joint and crack load transfer final report. Technical Report No. FHWA-RD-02-088, Federal Highway Administration, 2003.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Civil Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 217M481 |
| Publication Date | November 1, 2021 |
| Submission Date | November 5, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 32 Issue: 6 |
