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Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 11681 - 11705, 01.03.2022

Özge Akboğa Kale

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.699837

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assist the safety specialists and departments in ready mixed concrete (RMC) industry by preparing an internal safety evaluation program (ISEP). To constitute an ISEP the 287-item control list was created and grouped as negligible, moderate, and critical. The control list was applied to thirteen RMC plants which belongs to one RMC company. It is found that even the same company cannot ensure stability in terms of OHS between its plants, none of the plants had an approved OHS policy, emergency action plan and a plant entrance OHS warning sign. OHS training was mostly missing in plants.

Keywords

construction industry ready mixed concrete internal safety evaluation program safety management system risk assessment

References

  • [1] Unsar, S., Sut, N., General assessment of the occupational accidents that occurred in Turkey between the years 2000 and 2005. Saf Sci. 47:614–619, 2009.
  • [2] Hinze, J.W., Construction Safety. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Publications; 1997.
  • [3] Ringen, K., Seegal, J., Safety and health in construction industry. Annu Rev Public Health.16:165–188, 1995.
  • [4] Lım, S., Oh, A., Won, J., Chon, J., Improvement of inspection system for reduction of small-scale construction site accident in Korea. Ind Health. 56:466-474, 2018
  • [5] Cameron, I., Hare, B., Davies, R., Fatal and major construction accidents: a comparison between Scotland and the rest of Great Britain. Saf Sci. 46:692–708, 2008.
  • [6] Ale, B.J.M., Bellamy, L.J., Baksteen, H., et al., Accidents in the construction industry in the Netherlands: An analysis of accident reports using Storybuilder. Reliability Eng Syst Saf. 93:1523–1533, 2008.
  • [7] Arquillos, A.L., Romero, J.C.R., Gibb, A., Analysis of construction accidents in Spain, 2003-2008. J Saf Res. 43:381–388, 2012.
  • [8] Colak, B., Etiler, N., Bicer, U., Fatal occupational injuries in the construction sector in Kocaeli, Turkey, 1990-2001. Ind Health. 42:424-430, 2004.
  • [9] Kartam, N.A., Flood, I., Koushki, P., Construction safety in Kuwait: issues, procedures, problems, and recommendations. Saf Sci. 36:163-184, 2000.
  • [10] El-Mashaleh, M.S., Al-Smadi, B.M., Hyari, K.H., et al., Safety management in the Jordanian construction industry. Jordan J Civ Eng. 4(1):47-54, 2010.
  • [11] Chong, H.Y., Low, T.S., Accidents in Malaysian Construction industry: statistical data and court cases. In J Occup Saf Ergon. 20(3):503–513, 2014.
  • [12] ElSafty, A., ElSafty, A., Malek, M., Construction safety and occupational health education in Egypt, the EU, and US Firms. Open J Civ Eng. 2:174-182, 2012.
  • [13] Mohammed, Y.D., Ishak, M.B., Study of fatal and non-fatal accidents in construction sector. Malaysian J Civ Eng. 25(1):106-118, 2013.
  • [14] Halder, D., Rahman, F., Hossain, M., et al., Contributing factors affecting the safety in construction sites of Bangladesh. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering – ACSM; 2015 Feb 21-22; Bangkok, Thailand. New York (USA): Institute of Research Engineers and Doktors; 2015.
  • [15] Fabiano, B., Parentini, I., Ferraiolo, A., et al., A Century of accidents in the Italian industry: Relationship with the production cycle. Saf Sci. 2:65-74, 1995.
  • [16] Tam, C.M., Zeng, S.X., Deng, Z.M., Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China. Saf Sci. 42:569–586, 2004.
  • [17] Jannadi, O.A., Bu-Khamsin, M.S., Safety factors considered by industrial contractors in Saudi Arabia. Build Environ. 37(5):539–547, 2002.
  • [18] Gürcanlı, G.E., Müngen, U., Analysis of Construction Accidents in Turkey and Responsible Parties. Ind Health. 51:581-595, 2013.
  • [19] Tözer, K.D., Çelik, T., Gürcanlı, G.E., Classification of Construction Accidents in Northern Part of Cyprus. Teknik Dergi. 29(2): 8295-8316, 2018.
  • [20] Bilir, S., Gürcanlı, G.E., A Method for Determination of Accident Probability in Construction Industry. Teknik Dergi, 29(4): 8537-8561, 2018.
  • [21] Baradan, S., Akboğa, Ö., Çetinkaya, U., Usmen, M.A., Ege Bölgesindeki İnşaat İş Kazalarının Sıklık ve Çapraz Tablolama Analizleri. Teknik Dergi. 27(1): 7345-7370, 2016.
  • [22] Akboğa Kale, Ö., Baradan, S., Identifying Factors that Contribute to Severity of Construction Injuries using Logistic Regression Model. Teknik Dergi. 31(2): 9919-9940, 2020.
  • [23] Aksorn, T., Hadikusumo, B.H.W., The unsafe acts and the decision-to-err factors of Thai construction workers. J Constr in Developing Ctries. 12(1):1–25, 2007.
  • [24] Ore, T., Stout, N., Traumatic occupational fatalities in the US and Australian construction industries. Am J Ind Med. 30:202–206, 1996.
  • [25] Pollack, E.S., Griffin, M., Ringen, K., et al., Fatalities in the construction industry in the United States, 1992 and 1993. A J Ind Med. 30:325–330, 1996.
  • [26] Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Fatal occupational injuries-United States, 1980–97. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 50:317–320, 2001.
  • [27] Rodsari, B.S., Ghodsi, M., Occupational injuries in Tehran. Inj. 36:33–39, 2005.
  • [28] Tricco, A.C., Colantonio, A., Chipman, M., et al., Work-Related deaths and traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 20:719–724, 2006.
  • [29] Hallowell, M.R., Safety-knowledge management in American construction organizations. J Manag Eng. 28(2):203–211, 2012.
  • [30] Larsson, T.J., Field, B., The distribution of occupational injuries risks in the Victorian construction industry. Saf Sci. 40:439–456, 2002.
  • [31] Quora [Internet]: What are the advantages of ready mi concrete?; [cited 2019 Nov 3] Available from: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-of-ready-mix-concrete
  • [32] Turkish Ready Mixed Concrete Association [Internet]: Statistics; [cited 2019 Nov 7] Available from: https://www.thbb.org/en/industry/statistics/
  • [33] Aichouni, M., On the Use of the Basic Quality Tools for the Improvement of the Construction Industry: A Case Study of a Ready Mixed Concrete Production Process. Int J Civ Environ Eng. 12(5):31-38, 2012.
  • [34] Sarkar, D., Bhattacharjee, B., Design and application of multivariate CUSUM for quality monitoring of ready mixed concrete. Int J Qual Eng Technol. 4(2):161–179, 2014.
  • [35] Naso, D., Surico, M., Turchiano, B., et al., Genetic algorithms for supply-chain scheduling: A case study in the distribution od ready mix concrete. Eur J Operational Res. 117:2069-2099, 2007.
  • [36] Yan, S., Lai, W., An optimal scheduling model for ready mixed concrete supply with overtime considerations. Autom Constr. 16:734-744, 2007.
  • [37] Sealey, B.J., Phillips, P.S., Hill, G.J., Waste management issues for the UK ready-mixed concrete industry. Resour Conservation Recycling. 32:321-331, 2001.
  • [38] Sandrolini, F., Franzoni, E., Waste wash water recycling in ready mixed concrete plants. Cement Concr Res. 31:485-489, 2001.
  • [39] Schmid, V., Doerner, K.F., Hartl, R.F., et al., Hybridization of very large neighborhood search for ready-mixed concrete delivery problems. Computers&Operations Res. 37:559-574, 2010.
  • [40] Graham, L.D., Forbes, D.R., Smith, S.D., Modeling the ready mixed concrete delivery system with neural networks. Autom Constr. 15:656-663, 2006.
  • [41] Akboğa, Ö., Baradan, S., Safety in ready mixed concrete industry: descriptive analysis of injuries and development of preventive measures. Ind Health. 55:1-13, 2017.
  • [42] Occupational Safety and Health Administration [Internet]: Workers Safety Series Concrete Manufacturing; [cited 2019 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/concrete_manufacturing.html
  • [43] American Concrete Pumping Association [Internet]: Ready Mixed Safety Manual-A guide for the prevention of accidents when delivering to concrete pumps; [cited 2019 Nov 1] Available from: https://www.concretepumpers.com/sites/concretepumpers.com/files/attachments/readymixed_safety_manual_v1.0.3_eng_rs.pdf
  • [44] National Ready Mixed Concrete Association [Internet]: 2017 Presidents Report [cited 2019 Oct 20] Available from: https://www.nrmca.org/downloads/Presidents_Report2017.pdf
  • [45] OmniSMS [Internet]: Safety Management System, Internal Evaluation Program; [cited 2019 Nov 25]. Available from: https://omnisms.aero/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Omni-Aviation-SMS-Internal-Evaluation-Quality-Assurance-Program.pdf
  • [46] Yakut, A., Akbıyıklı, R., İşçi sağlığı ve güvenliği yönetimi ile toplam kalite yönetimi sistemleri veri analizi incelemesi. SAU J. Sci. 17(1):97-103, 2013.
  • [47] Uryan, B., Toplam Kalite Yönetimi. Mevzuat Dergisi. 55, 2002.
  • [48] Bektaş, Ç., İşletmede İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Açısından Kalite Güvence Sistemlerinin Rolü. Emek ve Toplum. 8(8): 136-157, 2019.
  • [49] USHST [Internet]: Internal Evaluation Program Safety Assurance Check [cited 2019 Nov 12] Available from: http://www.ihst.org/portals/54/IHST_News/2014%20IEP%20Check%20FINAL%202.pdf
  • [50] THRESHOLD [Internet]: Emergency Action Plans are critical for your company; [cited 2019 Nov3]. Available from: https://www.thresholdsecurity.com/Blog/Emergency-Action-Plans-are-critical-for-your-company/
  • [51] OSHA [Internet]: Emergency action plan; [cited 2019 Nov 2]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/evacuation/eap.html
  • [52] Sawacha, E., Naoum, S., Fong, D., Factors affecting safety performance on construction sites. Int J Proj Manage. 17:309–315, 1999.
  • [53] Tam, C.M., Zeng, S.X., Deng, Z.M., Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China. Saf Sci. 42:569–586, 2004.
  • [54] Aksorn, T., Hadikusumo, B.H.W., Critical success factors influencing safety program performance in Thai construction projects. Saf Sci. 46(4):709–727, 2008.
  • [55] Mohamed, S., Safety climate in construction site environments. J Constr Eng Manage. 128(5):375–384, 2002.
  • [56] Safety+Health [Internet]: Reporting Near Misses; [cited 2019 Nov 10 9. Available from: https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/10994-reporting-near-misses
  • [57] Industry Safe [Internet]: Why is near miss reporting important?; [cited 2019 Nov 10] Available from: https://www.industrysafe.com/blog/why-is-near-miss-reporting-important
  • [58] Creative Safety Supply [Internet]: Why are safety signs important?, [cited 2019 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/qa/safety-signs/why-are-safety-signs-important
  • [59] Work Safe [Internet]: Traffic management in manufacturing; [cited 2019 Nov 19]. Available from: https://worksafe.govt.nz/topic-and-industry/manufacturing/traffic-management-manufacturing/

Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 11681 - 11705, 01.03.2022

Özge Akboğa Kale

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.699837

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assist the safety specialists and departments in ready mixed concrete (RMC) industry by preparing an internal safety evaluation program (ISEP). To constitute an ISEP the 287-item control list was created and grouped as negligible, moderate, and critical. The control list was applied to thirteen RMC plants which belongs to one RMC company. It is found that even the same company cannot ensure stability in terms of OHS between its plants, none of the plants had an approved OHS policy, emergency action plan and a plant entrance OHS warning sign. OHS training was mostly missing in plants.

Keywords

construction industry ready mixed concrete internal safety evaluation program safety management system risk assessment

References

  • [1] Unsar, S., Sut, N., General assessment of the occupational accidents that occurred in Turkey between the years 2000 and 2005. Saf Sci. 47:614–619, 2009.
  • [2] Hinze, J.W., Construction Safety. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Publications; 1997.
  • [3] Ringen, K., Seegal, J., Safety and health in construction industry. Annu Rev Public Health.16:165–188, 1995.
  • [4] Lım, S., Oh, A., Won, J., Chon, J., Improvement of inspection system for reduction of small-scale construction site accident in Korea. Ind Health. 56:466-474, 2018
  • [5] Cameron, I., Hare, B., Davies, R., Fatal and major construction accidents: a comparison between Scotland and the rest of Great Britain. Saf Sci. 46:692–708, 2008.
  • [6] Ale, B.J.M., Bellamy, L.J., Baksteen, H., et al., Accidents in the construction industry in the Netherlands: An analysis of accident reports using Storybuilder. Reliability Eng Syst Saf. 93:1523–1533, 2008.
  • [7] Arquillos, A.L., Romero, J.C.R., Gibb, A., Analysis of construction accidents in Spain, 2003-2008. J Saf Res. 43:381–388, 2012.
  • [8] Colak, B., Etiler, N., Bicer, U., Fatal occupational injuries in the construction sector in Kocaeli, Turkey, 1990-2001. Ind Health. 42:424-430, 2004.
  • [9] Kartam, N.A., Flood, I., Koushki, P., Construction safety in Kuwait: issues, procedures, problems, and recommendations. Saf Sci. 36:163-184, 2000.
  • [10] El-Mashaleh, M.S., Al-Smadi, B.M., Hyari, K.H., et al., Safety management in the Jordanian construction industry. Jordan J Civ Eng. 4(1):47-54, 2010.
  • [11] Chong, H.Y., Low, T.S., Accidents in Malaysian Construction industry: statistical data and court cases. In J Occup Saf Ergon. 20(3):503–513, 2014.
  • [12] ElSafty, A., ElSafty, A., Malek, M., Construction safety and occupational health education in Egypt, the EU, and US Firms. Open J Civ Eng. 2:174-182, 2012.
  • [13] Mohammed, Y.D., Ishak, M.B., Study of fatal and non-fatal accidents in construction sector. Malaysian J Civ Eng. 25(1):106-118, 2013.
  • [14] Halder, D., Rahman, F., Hossain, M., et al., Contributing factors affecting the safety in construction sites of Bangladesh. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering – ACSM; 2015 Feb 21-22; Bangkok, Thailand. New York (USA): Institute of Research Engineers and Doktors; 2015.
  • [15] Fabiano, B., Parentini, I., Ferraiolo, A., et al., A Century of accidents in the Italian industry: Relationship with the production cycle. Saf Sci. 2:65-74, 1995.
  • [16] Tam, C.M., Zeng, S.X., Deng, Z.M., Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China. Saf Sci. 42:569–586, 2004.
  • [17] Jannadi, O.A., Bu-Khamsin, M.S., Safety factors considered by industrial contractors in Saudi Arabia. Build Environ. 37(5):539–547, 2002.
  • [18] Gürcanlı, G.E., Müngen, U., Analysis of Construction Accidents in Turkey and Responsible Parties. Ind Health. 51:581-595, 2013.
  • [19] Tözer, K.D., Çelik, T., Gürcanlı, G.E., Classification of Construction Accidents in Northern Part of Cyprus. Teknik Dergi. 29(2): 8295-8316, 2018.
  • [20] Bilir, S., Gürcanlı, G.E., A Method for Determination of Accident Probability in Construction Industry. Teknik Dergi, 29(4): 8537-8561, 2018.
  • [21] Baradan, S., Akboğa, Ö., Çetinkaya, U., Usmen, M.A., Ege Bölgesindeki İnşaat İş Kazalarının Sıklık ve Çapraz Tablolama Analizleri. Teknik Dergi. 27(1): 7345-7370, 2016.
  • [22] Akboğa Kale, Ö., Baradan, S., Identifying Factors that Contribute to Severity of Construction Injuries using Logistic Regression Model. Teknik Dergi. 31(2): 9919-9940, 2020.
  • [23] Aksorn, T., Hadikusumo, B.H.W., The unsafe acts and the decision-to-err factors of Thai construction workers. J Constr in Developing Ctries. 12(1):1–25, 2007.
  • [24] Ore, T., Stout, N., Traumatic occupational fatalities in the US and Australian construction industries. Am J Ind Med. 30:202–206, 1996.
  • [25] Pollack, E.S., Griffin, M., Ringen, K., et al., Fatalities in the construction industry in the United States, 1992 and 1993. A J Ind Med. 30:325–330, 1996.
  • [26] Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Fatal occupational injuries-United States, 1980–97. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 50:317–320, 2001.
  • [27] Rodsari, B.S., Ghodsi, M., Occupational injuries in Tehran. Inj. 36:33–39, 2005.
  • [28] Tricco, A.C., Colantonio, A., Chipman, M., et al., Work-Related deaths and traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 20:719–724, 2006.
  • [29] Hallowell, M.R., Safety-knowledge management in American construction organizations. J Manag Eng. 28(2):203–211, 2012.
  • [30] Larsson, T.J., Field, B., The distribution of occupational injuries risks in the Victorian construction industry. Saf Sci. 40:439–456, 2002.
  • [31] Quora [Internet]: What are the advantages of ready mi concrete?; [cited 2019 Nov 3] Available from: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-of-ready-mix-concrete
  • [32] Turkish Ready Mixed Concrete Association [Internet]: Statistics; [cited 2019 Nov 7] Available from: https://www.thbb.org/en/industry/statistics/
  • [33] Aichouni, M., On the Use of the Basic Quality Tools for the Improvement of the Construction Industry: A Case Study of a Ready Mixed Concrete Production Process. Int J Civ Environ Eng. 12(5):31-38, 2012.
  • [34] Sarkar, D., Bhattacharjee, B., Design and application of multivariate CUSUM for quality monitoring of ready mixed concrete. Int J Qual Eng Technol. 4(2):161–179, 2014.
  • [35] Naso, D., Surico, M., Turchiano, B., et al., Genetic algorithms for supply-chain scheduling: A case study in the distribution od ready mix concrete. Eur J Operational Res. 117:2069-2099, 2007.
  • [36] Yan, S., Lai, W., An optimal scheduling model for ready mixed concrete supply with overtime considerations. Autom Constr. 16:734-744, 2007.
  • [37] Sealey, B.J., Phillips, P.S., Hill, G.J., Waste management issues for the UK ready-mixed concrete industry. Resour Conservation Recycling. 32:321-331, 2001.
  • [38] Sandrolini, F., Franzoni, E., Waste wash water recycling in ready mixed concrete plants. Cement Concr Res. 31:485-489, 2001.
  • [39] Schmid, V., Doerner, K.F., Hartl, R.F., et al., Hybridization of very large neighborhood search for ready-mixed concrete delivery problems. Computers&Operations Res. 37:559-574, 2010.
  • [40] Graham, L.D., Forbes, D.R., Smith, S.D., Modeling the ready mixed concrete delivery system with neural networks. Autom Constr. 15:656-663, 2006.
  • [41] Akboğa, Ö., Baradan, S., Safety in ready mixed concrete industry: descriptive analysis of injuries and development of preventive measures. Ind Health. 55:1-13, 2017.
  • [42] Occupational Safety and Health Administration [Internet]: Workers Safety Series Concrete Manufacturing; [cited 2019 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/concrete_manufacturing.html
  • [43] American Concrete Pumping Association [Internet]: Ready Mixed Safety Manual-A guide for the prevention of accidents when delivering to concrete pumps; [cited 2019 Nov 1] Available from: https://www.concretepumpers.com/sites/concretepumpers.com/files/attachments/readymixed_safety_manual_v1.0.3_eng_rs.pdf
  • [44] National Ready Mixed Concrete Association [Internet]: 2017 Presidents Report [cited 2019 Oct 20] Available from: https://www.nrmca.org/downloads/Presidents_Report2017.pdf
  • [45] OmniSMS [Internet]: Safety Management System, Internal Evaluation Program; [cited 2019 Nov 25]. Available from: https://omnisms.aero/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Omni-Aviation-SMS-Internal-Evaluation-Quality-Assurance-Program.pdf
  • [46] Yakut, A., Akbıyıklı, R., İşçi sağlığı ve güvenliği yönetimi ile toplam kalite yönetimi sistemleri veri analizi incelemesi. SAU J. Sci. 17(1):97-103, 2013.
  • [47] Uryan, B., Toplam Kalite Yönetimi. Mevzuat Dergisi. 55, 2002.
  • [48] Bektaş, Ç., İşletmede İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Açısından Kalite Güvence Sistemlerinin Rolü. Emek ve Toplum. 8(8): 136-157, 2019.
  • [49] USHST [Internet]: Internal Evaluation Program Safety Assurance Check [cited 2019 Nov 12] Available from: http://www.ihst.org/portals/54/IHST_News/2014%20IEP%20Check%20FINAL%202.pdf
  • [50] THRESHOLD [Internet]: Emergency Action Plans are critical for your company; [cited 2019 Nov3]. Available from: https://www.thresholdsecurity.com/Blog/Emergency-Action-Plans-are-critical-for-your-company/
  • [51] OSHA [Internet]: Emergency action plan; [cited 2019 Nov 2]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/evacuation/eap.html
  • [52] Sawacha, E., Naoum, S., Fong, D., Factors affecting safety performance on construction sites. Int J Proj Manage. 17:309–315, 1999.
  • [53] Tam, C.M., Zeng, S.X., Deng, Z.M., Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China. Saf Sci. 42:569–586, 2004.
  • [54] Aksorn, T., Hadikusumo, B.H.W., Critical success factors influencing safety program performance in Thai construction projects. Saf Sci. 46(4):709–727, 2008.
  • [55] Mohamed, S., Safety climate in construction site environments. J Constr Eng Manage. 128(5):375–384, 2002.
  • [56] Safety+Health [Internet]: Reporting Near Misses; [cited 2019 Nov 10 9. Available from: https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/10994-reporting-near-misses
  • [57] Industry Safe [Internet]: Why is near miss reporting important?; [cited 2019 Nov 10] Available from: https://www.industrysafe.com/blog/why-is-near-miss-reporting-important
  • [58] Creative Safety Supply [Internet]: Why are safety signs important?, [cited 2019 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/qa/safety-signs/why-are-safety-signs-important
  • [59] Work Safe [Internet]: Traffic management in manufacturing; [cited 2019 Nov 19]. Available from: https://worksafe.govt.nz/topic-and-industry/manufacturing/traffic-management-manufacturing/
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özge Akboğa Kale 0000-0002-3848-0578

Publication Date March 1, 2022
Submission Date March 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 33 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akboğa Kale, Ö. (2022). Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers. Teknik Dergi, 33(2), 11681-11705. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.699837
AMA Akboğa Kale Ö. Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers. Teknik Dergi. March 2022;33(2):11681-11705. doi:10.18400/tekderg.699837
Chicago Akboğa Kale, Özge. “Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers”. Teknik Dergi 33, no. 2 (March 2022): 11681-705. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.699837.
EndNote Akboğa Kale Ö (March 1, 2022) Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers. Teknik Dergi 33 2 11681–11705.
IEEE Ö. Akboğa Kale, “Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers”, Teknik Dergi, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 11681–11705, 2022, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.699837.
ISNAD Akboğa Kale, Özge. “Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers”. Teknik Dergi 33/2 (March 2022), 11681-11705. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.699837.
JAMA Akboğa Kale Ö. Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers. Teknik Dergi. 2022;33:11681–11705.
MLA Akboğa Kale, Özge. “Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers”. Teknik Dergi, vol. 33, no. 2, 2022, pp. 11681-05, doi:10.18400/tekderg.699837.
Vancouver Akboğa Kale Ö. Development of an Internal Safety Evaluation Program for Ready Mixed Concrete Producers. Teknik Dergi. 2022;33(2):11681-705.
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