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Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 11779 - 11798, 01.03.2022

Perviz Ahmedzade , Omar Alqudah , Taylan Günay , Tacettin Geçkil

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.783300

Abstract

The effectiveness of natural Gilsonite on the performance properties of modified bitumens was studied. Three samples having different ratios of Gilsonite that are 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of base bitumen which was PG 64-16 grade were prepared. The physical properties and storage stabilities of four samples were investigated by means of conventional tests. The short-term and long-term aging processes of bitumens were conducted with rolling thin oven and pressure aging vessel tests, respectively. Rheological properties of bitumens were examined by means of Superpave tests such as rotational viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer. After the rheological study, the low and high temperature performance classes of bitumens were determined by the Superpave specification. The results showed that natural Gilsonite-modified bitumens provide improvement in rheological and physical properties of bitumen, and were found highly compatible with base bitumen. Gilsonite additive significantly increased stiffness and viscosity of bitumen, and improved the resistance against fatigue cracking and rutting of bitumen, without causing a reduction in thermal cracking resistance of bitumen.

Keywords

Bitumen gilsonite aging rheological properties performance grade

References

  • Garcia, A., Schlangen, E., Ven, M., Sierra-Beltrana, G., Preparation of capsules containing rejuvenators for their use in asphalt concrete, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 11, 184-603, 2010.
  • Lu, X.H., Isacsson, U., Chemical and rheological evaluation of ageing properties of SBS polymer modified bitumens, Fuel, 77:9, 961-972, 1998.
  • Qadir, A., Rutting performance of polypropylene modified asphalt concrete, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 12:3, 304-312, 2014.
  • Lu, X.H., Isacsson, U., Compatibility and storage stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene copolmer modified bitumens, Materials and Structures, 30:10, 618-626, 1997.
  • Ma, T., Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Huang, X., Wang, S., Laboratory investigation of crumb rubber modified asphalt binder and mixtures with warm-mix additives, International Journal of Civil Engineering, doi:10.1007/s40999-016-0040-3, 2016.
  • Sureshkumar, M.S., Filippi, S., Polacco, G., Kazatchkov, I., Stastna, J., Zanzotto, L., Internal structure and linear viscoelastic properties of EVA/asphalt nanocomposites, European Polymer Journal, 46, 621-633, 2010.
  • Gad, Y.H., Magida, M.M., El-Nahas, H.H., Effect of ionizing irradiation on the thermal blend of waste low density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate/bitumen for some industrial applications, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16:6, 1019-1024, 2010.
  • Ahmedzade, P., Fainleib, A., Gunay, T., Grygoryeva, O., Modification of bitumen by electron beam irradiated recycled low density polyethylene, Construction and Building Materials, 69, 1-9, 2014.
  • Fu, H., Xie, L., Dou, D., Li, L., Yu, M., Yao, S., Storage stability and compatibility of asphalt binder modified SBS graft copolymer, Construction and Building Materials, 21, 1528-1533, 2007.
  • Yilmaz, M., Yamaç, Ö.E., Evaluation of Gilsonite and styrene-butadiene-styrene composite usage in bitumen modification on the mechanical properties of hot mix asphalts, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 29:9, 04017089, 2017.
  • Kök, B.V., Yilmaz, M., Guler, M., Evaluation of high temperature performance of SBS + Gilsonite modified binder, Fuel, 90, 3093–3099, 2011.
  • Bahia, H.U., Hanson, D.I., Zeng, M., Zhai, H., Khatri, M.A., Anderson, R.M., Characterization of modified asphalt binders in Superpave mix design (Project No. 9-10 FY’96), NCHRP, Washington, 2001.
  • Nasrekani, A.A., Naderi, K., Nakhaei, M., Mahmoodinia, N., High-temperature performance of Gilsonite modified asphalt binder and asphalt concrete, Petroleum Science and Technology, 34:21, 1783-1789, 2016.
  • Babagoli, R., Hasaninia, M., Namazi, N.M., Laboratory evaluation of the effect of Gilsonite on the performance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures, Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16:4, 889-906, 2015.
  • Jahanian, H.R., Shafabakhsh, G., Divandari, H., Performance evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) containing bitumen modified with Gilsonite, Construction and Building Materials, 131, 156–164, 2017.
  • Brown, S.F., Rowlett, R.D., Boucher, J.L., Asphalt modification, Proceedings of the conference, The United States strategic highway research program, London: Institute of Civil Engineers, London, 181–203, 1990.
  • Ameri, M., Mansourian, A., Ashani, S.S., Yadollahi, G., Technical study on the Iranian Gilsonite as an additive for modification of asphalt binders used in pavement construction, Constr. Build. Mater., 25:3, 1379-1387, 2011.
  • Nasrekani, A.A., Nakhaei, M., Naderi, K., Fini, E., Aflaki, S., Improving moisture sensitivity of asphalt concrete using natural bitumen (Gilsonite), Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, United States, http://amonline.trb.org/, 2017.
  • Anderson, D.A., Maurer, D., Ramirez, T., Christensen, D.W., Marasteanu, M.O., Mehta, Y., Field performance of modified asphalt binders evaluated with superpave test methods: 1–80 test project, Transportation Research Record 1661, 60–68, 1999.
  • Aflaki, S., Tabatabaee, N., Proposals for modification of Iranian bitumen to meet the climatic requirements of Iran, Construction and Building Materials, 23, 2141–2150, 2009.
  • Tang, N., Huang, W., Zheng, M., Hu, J., Investigation of Gilsonite-, polyphosphoric acid- and styrene–butadiene–styrene-modified asphalt binder using the multiple stress creep and recovery test, Road Materials and Pavement Design, 18:5, 1084–1097, 2017.
  • Widyatmoko, I., Elliott, R., Characteristics of elastomeric and plastomeric binders in contact with natural asphalts, Constr. Build. Mater., 22, 239–249, 2008.
  • Quintana, H.A.R., Noguera, J.A.H., Bonells, C.F.U., Behavior of Gilsonite-modified hot mix asphalt by wet and dry processes, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 28:2, 04015114, 2016.
  • Zhi, S., Gun, W.W., Hui, L.X., Bo, T., Evaluation of fatigue crack behavior in asphalt concrete pavements with different polymer modifiers, Construction and Building Materials, 27, 117-125, 2012.
  • Huang, B., Li, G., Shu, X., Investigation into three-layered HMA mixtures, Composites, 37, 679–690, 2006.
  • Słowik, M., Bilski, M., An experimental study of the impact of aging on Gilsonite and trinidad epuré modified asphalt binders properties, Baltic Journal of Road & Bridge Engineering, 12:2, 71-81, 2017.
  • TS EN 14023, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Framework specification for polymer modified bitumens, Turkish and European standard, 2006.
  • EN 13399, Bitumen and Bituminous Binders - Determination of Storage Stability of Modified Bitumen, European standard, 2010.
  • Anderson, D., Christensen, D.W., Bahia, H.U., Dongre, R., Sharma, M.G., Antle, C.E., Button, J., Strategic highway research program binder characterization: Physical properties. SHRP-A-369, Vol. 3, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1994.
  • Bahia, H.U., Anderson, D.A., Strategic highway research program binder rheological parameters: background and comparison with conventional properties, Transportation Research Record, TRB, National Research Council, 32-39, Washington, DC, 1995.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO T 316- Viscosity determination of asphalt binder using rotational viscometer, Washington D.C., 2004.
  • The Asphalt Institute, Superpave mix design: Superpave series no. 2, (SP-2), 2001.
  • EN 12607-1, Bitumen and bituminous binders: Determination of the resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air - Part 1: RTFOT method, European standard, 2003.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO T 240- Effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) standard test methods, Washington D.C., 2013.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO R 28- Accelerated aging of asphalt binder using a pressurized aging vessel (PAV) standard test methods, Washington D.C., 2012.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO T 315- Determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) standard test methods, Washington D.C., 2012.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO T 313- Determining the flexural creep stiffness of asphalt binder using the bending beam rheometer (BBR) standard test methods, Washington D.C., 2012.
  • ASTM: ASTM D6373- Standard specification for performance graded asphalt binder, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999.
  • Anderson, R. M., King, G. N., Hanson, D. I., Blankenship, P. B., Evaluation of the relationship between asphalt binder properties and non-load related cracking. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 80, 2011.

Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 11779 - 11798, 01.03.2022

Perviz Ahmedzade , Omar Alqudah , Taylan Günay , Tacettin Geçkil

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.783300

Abstract

The effectiveness of natural Gilsonite on the performance properties of modified bitumens was studied. Three samples having different ratios of Gilsonite that are 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of base bitumen which was PG 64-16 grade were prepared. The physical properties and storage stabilities of four samples were investigated by means of conventional tests. The short-term and long-term aging processes of bitumens were conducted with rolling thin oven and pressure aging vessel tests, respectively. Rheological properties of bitumens were examined by means of Superpave tests such as rotational viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer. After the rheological study, the low and high temperature performance classes of bitumens were determined by the Superpave specification. The results showed that natural Gilsonite-modified bitumens provide improvement in rheological and physical properties of bitumen, and were found highly compatible with base bitumen. Gilsonite additive significantly increased stiffness and viscosity of bitumen, and improved the resistance against fatigue cracking and rutting of bitumen, without causing a reduction in thermal cracking resistance of bitumen.

Keywords

Bitumen gilsonite aging rheological properties performance grade

References

  • Garcia, A., Schlangen, E., Ven, M., Sierra-Beltrana, G., Preparation of capsules containing rejuvenators for their use in asphalt concrete, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 11, 184-603, 2010.
  • Lu, X.H., Isacsson, U., Chemical and rheological evaluation of ageing properties of SBS polymer modified bitumens, Fuel, 77:9, 961-972, 1998.
  • Qadir, A., Rutting performance of polypropylene modified asphalt concrete, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 12:3, 304-312, 2014.
  • Lu, X.H., Isacsson, U., Compatibility and storage stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene copolmer modified bitumens, Materials and Structures, 30:10, 618-626, 1997.
  • Ma, T., Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Huang, X., Wang, S., Laboratory investigation of crumb rubber modified asphalt binder and mixtures with warm-mix additives, International Journal of Civil Engineering, doi:10.1007/s40999-016-0040-3, 2016.
  • Sureshkumar, M.S., Filippi, S., Polacco, G., Kazatchkov, I., Stastna, J., Zanzotto, L., Internal structure and linear viscoelastic properties of EVA/asphalt nanocomposites, European Polymer Journal, 46, 621-633, 2010.
  • Gad, Y.H., Magida, M.M., El-Nahas, H.H., Effect of ionizing irradiation on the thermal blend of waste low density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate/bitumen for some industrial applications, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16:6, 1019-1024, 2010.
  • Ahmedzade, P., Fainleib, A., Gunay, T., Grygoryeva, O., Modification of bitumen by electron beam irradiated recycled low density polyethylene, Construction and Building Materials, 69, 1-9, 2014.
  • Fu, H., Xie, L., Dou, D., Li, L., Yu, M., Yao, S., Storage stability and compatibility of asphalt binder modified SBS graft copolymer, Construction and Building Materials, 21, 1528-1533, 2007.
  • Yilmaz, M., Yamaç, Ö.E., Evaluation of Gilsonite and styrene-butadiene-styrene composite usage in bitumen modification on the mechanical properties of hot mix asphalts, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 29:9, 04017089, 2017.
  • Kök, B.V., Yilmaz, M., Guler, M., Evaluation of high temperature performance of SBS + Gilsonite modified binder, Fuel, 90, 3093–3099, 2011.
  • Bahia, H.U., Hanson, D.I., Zeng, M., Zhai, H., Khatri, M.A., Anderson, R.M., Characterization of modified asphalt binders in Superpave mix design (Project No. 9-10 FY’96), NCHRP, Washington, 2001.
  • Nasrekani, A.A., Naderi, K., Nakhaei, M., Mahmoodinia, N., High-temperature performance of Gilsonite modified asphalt binder and asphalt concrete, Petroleum Science and Technology, 34:21, 1783-1789, 2016.
  • Babagoli, R., Hasaninia, M., Namazi, N.M., Laboratory evaluation of the effect of Gilsonite on the performance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures, Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16:4, 889-906, 2015.
  • Jahanian, H.R., Shafabakhsh, G., Divandari, H., Performance evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) containing bitumen modified with Gilsonite, Construction and Building Materials, 131, 156–164, 2017.
  • Brown, S.F., Rowlett, R.D., Boucher, J.L., Asphalt modification, Proceedings of the conference, The United States strategic highway research program, London: Institute of Civil Engineers, London, 181–203, 1990.
  • Ameri, M., Mansourian, A., Ashani, S.S., Yadollahi, G., Technical study on the Iranian Gilsonite as an additive for modification of asphalt binders used in pavement construction, Constr. Build. Mater., 25:3, 1379-1387, 2011.
  • Nasrekani, A.A., Nakhaei, M., Naderi, K., Fini, E., Aflaki, S., Improving moisture sensitivity of asphalt concrete using natural bitumen (Gilsonite), Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, United States, http://amonline.trb.org/, 2017.
  • Anderson, D.A., Maurer, D., Ramirez, T., Christensen, D.W., Marasteanu, M.O., Mehta, Y., Field performance of modified asphalt binders evaluated with superpave test methods: 1–80 test project, Transportation Research Record 1661, 60–68, 1999.
  • Aflaki, S., Tabatabaee, N., Proposals for modification of Iranian bitumen to meet the climatic requirements of Iran, Construction and Building Materials, 23, 2141–2150, 2009.
  • Tang, N., Huang, W., Zheng, M., Hu, J., Investigation of Gilsonite-, polyphosphoric acid- and styrene–butadiene–styrene-modified asphalt binder using the multiple stress creep and recovery test, Road Materials and Pavement Design, 18:5, 1084–1097, 2017.
  • Widyatmoko, I., Elliott, R., Characteristics of elastomeric and plastomeric binders in contact with natural asphalts, Constr. Build. Mater., 22, 239–249, 2008.
  • Quintana, H.A.R., Noguera, J.A.H., Bonells, C.F.U., Behavior of Gilsonite-modified hot mix asphalt by wet and dry processes, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 28:2, 04015114, 2016.
  • Zhi, S., Gun, W.W., Hui, L.X., Bo, T., Evaluation of fatigue crack behavior in asphalt concrete pavements with different polymer modifiers, Construction and Building Materials, 27, 117-125, 2012.
  • Huang, B., Li, G., Shu, X., Investigation into three-layered HMA mixtures, Composites, 37, 679–690, 2006.
  • Słowik, M., Bilski, M., An experimental study of the impact of aging on Gilsonite and trinidad epuré modified asphalt binders properties, Baltic Journal of Road & Bridge Engineering, 12:2, 71-81, 2017.
  • TS EN 14023, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Framework specification for polymer modified bitumens, Turkish and European standard, 2006.
  • EN 13399, Bitumen and Bituminous Binders - Determination of Storage Stability of Modified Bitumen, European standard, 2010.
  • Anderson, D., Christensen, D.W., Bahia, H.U., Dongre, R., Sharma, M.G., Antle, C.E., Button, J., Strategic highway research program binder characterization: Physical properties. SHRP-A-369, Vol. 3, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1994.
  • Bahia, H.U., Anderson, D.A., Strategic highway research program binder rheological parameters: background and comparison with conventional properties, Transportation Research Record, TRB, National Research Council, 32-39, Washington, DC, 1995.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO T 316- Viscosity determination of asphalt binder using rotational viscometer, Washington D.C., 2004.
  • The Asphalt Institute, Superpave mix design: Superpave series no. 2, (SP-2), 2001.
  • EN 12607-1, Bitumen and bituminous binders: Determination of the resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air - Part 1: RTFOT method, European standard, 2003.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO T 240- Effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) standard test methods, Washington D.C., 2013.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO R 28- Accelerated aging of asphalt binder using a pressurized aging vessel (PAV) standard test methods, Washington D.C., 2012.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO T 315- Determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) standard test methods, Washington D.C., 2012.
  • AASHTO: AASHTO T 313- Determining the flexural creep stiffness of asphalt binder using the bending beam rheometer (BBR) standard test methods, Washington D.C., 2012.
  • ASTM: ASTM D6373- Standard specification for performance graded asphalt binder, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999.
  • Anderson, R. M., King, G. N., Hanson, D. I., Blankenship, P. B., Evaluation of the relationship between asphalt binder properties and non-load related cracking. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 80, 2011.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Perviz Ahmedzade 0000-0001-8348-5901

Omar Alqudah

Taylan Günay 0000-0003-2514-1806

Tacettin Geçkil 0000-0001-8070-6836

Publication Date March 1, 2022
Submission Date August 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 33 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ahmedzade, P., Alqudah, O., Günay, T., Geçkil, T. (2022). Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen. Teknik Dergi, 33(2), 11779-11798. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.783300
AMA Ahmedzade P, Alqudah O, Günay T, Geçkil T. Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen. Teknik Dergi. March 2022;33(2):11779-11798. doi:10.18400/tekderg.783300
Chicago Ahmedzade, Perviz, Omar Alqudah, Taylan Günay, and Tacettin Geçkil. “Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen”. Teknik Dergi 33, no. 2 (March 2022): 11779-98. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.783300.
EndNote Ahmedzade P, Alqudah O, Günay T, Geçkil T (March 1, 2022) Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen. Teknik Dergi 33 2 11779–11798.
IEEE P. Ahmedzade, O. Alqudah, T. Günay, and T. Geçkil, “Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen”, Teknik Dergi, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 11779–11798, 2022, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.783300.
ISNAD Ahmedzade, Perviz et al. “Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen”. Teknik Dergi 33/2 (March 2022), 11779-11798. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.783300.
JAMA Ahmedzade P, Alqudah O, Günay T, Geçkil T. Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen. Teknik Dergi. 2022;33:11779–11798.
MLA Ahmedzade, Perviz et al. “Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen”. Teknik Dergi, vol. 33, no. 2, 2022, pp. 11779-98, doi:10.18400/tekderg.783300.
Vancouver Ahmedzade P, Alqudah O, Günay T, Geçkil T. Effects of Gilsonite on Performance Properties of Bitumen. Teknik Dergi. 2022;33(2):11779-98.
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