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Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 4, 12027 - 12043, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.684834

Abstract

This paper presents an analytical approach, based on the limit-equilibrium state, to determine the critical inclination of failure surface and active earth thrust for a cohesive-frictional backfill with a broken slope and a surcharge load at a constant distance from a retaining wall under the seismic condition. A combined analysis using Mononobe-Okabe’s and Culmann’s methods within a trial and error procedure is performed in this study. The influences of several parameters such as wall height, surcharge magnitude, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the backfill, adhesion between the wall-backfill interface, tension cracks, horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients have been investigated on the critical inclination of failure surface and the active earth thrust. Additionally, the performance of the proposed approach is explored by geotechnical software (Geo5) and two available methods in the literature. All of the results and the detailed comparisons are given in tabular and graphical forms.

References

  • Okabe, S., General theory of earth pressure and laboratory testings on seismic stability of retaining walls. Journal of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, 12, 1, 123-134, 1926.
  • Mononobe, N., Matsuo, H., On the determination of earth pressure during earthquakes. Proceedings of the World Engineering Congress Vol 9, Tokyo-Japan, 177-185, 1929.
  • Düzgün, M., Bozdağ, Ö., İstinat duvarlarına etkiyen sismik zemin basıncının dağılımı için geliştirilen yeni bir yöntem. Teknik Dergi, 14, 66, 2819-2834, 2003.
  • Ghosh, S., Sharma, R.P., Pseudo-dynamic response of non-vertical retaining wall supporting c-ϕ soil backfill. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 28, 5, 633-641, 2010.
  • Shao-jun, M., Kui-hua, W., Wen-bing, W., Pseudo-dynamic active earth pressure behind retaining wall for cohesive soil backfill. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 19, 3298-3304, 2012.
  • Das, B.M., Puri, V.K., Static and dynamic active earth pressure. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 14, 4, 353-366, 1996.
  • Saran, S., Gupta, R.P., Seismic earth pressures behind walls. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 3, 195-213, 2003.
  • Ghosh, S., Dey, G.N., Datta, B., Pseudo-static analysis of rigid retaining wall for dynamic active earth pressure. 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG) 1-6 October, Goa-India, 4122-4131, 2008.
  • Shukla, S.K., Dynamic active thrust from c-ϕ soil backfills. Dynamic Earthquake Engineering, 31, 3, 526-529, 2011.
  • Shukla, S.K., Bathurst, R. J., An analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-ϕ soil backfill on retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion. Geomechanics and Engineering, 4, 3, 209-218, 2012.
  • Ghosh, S., Sengupta, S., Extension of Mononobe-Okabe theory to evaluate seismic active earth pressure supporting c-ϕ soil backfill, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17(D), 495-504, 2012.
  • Iskander, M., Chen, Z., Omidvar, M., Guzman, I., Rankine pseudo-static earth pressure for c-ϕ soils. Mechanics Research Communications, 51, 51-55, 2013.
  • Shukla, S.K., Generalized analytical expression for dynamic active thrust from c-ϕ soil backfills. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 9, 4, 416-421, 2015.
  • Lin, Y., Leng, W., Yang, G., Zhao, L., Li, L., Yang, J., Seismic active earth pressure of cohesive-frictional soil on retaining wall based on a slice analysis method. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 70, 133-143, 2015.
  • Zhou, Y., Chen, F., Wang, X., Seismic active earth pressure for inclined rigid retaining walls considering rotation of the principal stresses with pseudo-dynamic method. International Journal of Geomechanics, 18, 7: 04018083, 1-9, 2018.
  • Tang, Y., Chen, J., A computational method of active earth pressure from finite soil body. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Vol. 2018: 9892376, 1-7, 2018.
  • Gupta, A., Sawant, V.A., Effect of soil amplification on seismic earth pressure using pseudo-dynamic approach. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 4, 2, 1-12, 2018.
  • Gupta, A., Yadav, V., Sawant, V.A., Agarwal R., Development of design charts considering the effect of backfill inclination and wall inclination on the seismic active pressure for c-ϕ soil. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 4, 2, 409-419, 2019.
  • Peng, J., Zhu, Y., Derivation of Shukla's generalized expression for dynamic active thrust by inclined slice element method. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 56, 2, 77-81, 2019.
  • Caltabiano, S., Cascone, E., Maugeri, M., Seismic stability of retaining walls with surcharge. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 20, 469-476, 2000.
  • Caltabiano, S., Cascone, E., Maugeri, M, A procedure for seismic design of retaining walls, seismic prevention of damage: A case study in a mediterranean city. WIT Trans. State Art Sci. Eng., 8, 263-277, 2005.
  • Caltabiano, S., Cascone, E., Maugeri, M., Static and seismic limit equilibrium analysis of sliding retaining walls under different surcharge conditions. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 37, 38-55, 2012.
  • Aminpour, M.M., Maleki, M., Ghanbari, A., Investigation of the effect of surcharge on behavior of soil slopes, Geomechanics and Engineering, 13, 4, 653-669, 2017.
  • Hou, G., Shu, S., Trial wedge approach to determine lateral earth pressures. International Journal of Geomechanics, 19, 1: 06018035, 1-16, 2019.
  • Arda, Ç., Çinicioğlu, Ö., Kohezyonsuz zeminlerin tane dağılım ve şekil özelliklerinin aktif göçme yüzeyi geometrisine etkileri. Teknik Dergi, 30, 5, 9399-9420, 2019.
  • Yazdani, M., Azad A., Farshi, A.H., Talatahari, S., Extended ‘Mononobe-Okabe’ method for seismic design of retaining walls. Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol. 2013, 1-10, 2013.
  • Greco, V.R., An algorithm for the evaluation of active thrust for backfill with irregular profile. Geotechnique Letters, 5, 2, 1-6, 2015a.
  • Greco, V.R., Seismic active thrust due to backfill of general topographic profile. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 79, 66-70, 2015b.
  • Kim, W.C., Park, D., Kim, B. Development of a generalized formula for dynamic active earth thrust. Geotechnique, 60, 9, 721-727, 2010.
  • Greco, V.R., Discussion of ‘Development of a generalized formula for dynamic active earth thrust by Kim, W.C., Park, D. and Kim, B.’. Geotechnique, 62, 4, 365-366, 2012.
  • Lu, H., Yuan, B., Calculation of passive earth pressure of cohesive soil based on Culmann’s method. Water Science and Engineering, 4, 1, 101-109, 2011.
  • Culmann, K., Die graphische statik, Meyer&Zeller, Zurih, 1866.
  • Motta, E., Generalized coulomb active-earth pressure for distanced surcharge. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 120, 6, 1072-1079, 1994.
  • Paik, K.H., Salgado, R., Estimation of active earth pressure against rigid retaining walls considering arching effects. Geotechnique, 53, 7, 643-653, 2003.
  • Shukla, S.K., Gupta, S.K., Sivakugan, N., Active earth pressure on retaining wall for c-ϕ soil backfill under seismic loading condition. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135, 5, 690-696, 2009.
  • Nian, T., Han, J., Analytical solution for Rankine’s seismic active earth pressure in c-ϕ soil with infinite slope. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1399, 1611-1616, 2013.
  • Ghosh, S., Sharma, R.P., Seismic active earth pressure on the back of battered retaining wall supporting inclined backfill. International Journal of Geomechanics, 12, 1, 54-63, 2012.

Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 4, 12027 - 12043, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.684834

Abstract

This paper presents an analytical approach, based on the limit-equilibrium state, to determine the critical inclination of failure surface and active earth thrust for a cohesive-frictional backfill with a broken slope and a surcharge load at a constant distance from a retaining wall under the seismic condition. A combined analysis using Mononobe-Okabe’s and Culmann’s methods within a trial and error procedure is performed in this study. The influences of several parameters such as wall height, surcharge magnitude, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the backfill, adhesion between the wall-backfill interface, tension cracks, horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients have been investigated on the critical inclination of failure surface and the active earth thrust. Additionally, the performance of the proposed approach is explored by geotechnical software (Geo5) and two available methods in the literature. All of the results and the detailed comparisons are given in tabular and graphical forms.

References

  • Okabe, S., General theory of earth pressure and laboratory testings on seismic stability of retaining walls. Journal of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, 12, 1, 123-134, 1926.
  • Mononobe, N., Matsuo, H., On the determination of earth pressure during earthquakes. Proceedings of the World Engineering Congress Vol 9, Tokyo-Japan, 177-185, 1929.
  • Düzgün, M., Bozdağ, Ö., İstinat duvarlarına etkiyen sismik zemin basıncının dağılımı için geliştirilen yeni bir yöntem. Teknik Dergi, 14, 66, 2819-2834, 2003.
  • Ghosh, S., Sharma, R.P., Pseudo-dynamic response of non-vertical retaining wall supporting c-ϕ soil backfill. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 28, 5, 633-641, 2010.
  • Shao-jun, M., Kui-hua, W., Wen-bing, W., Pseudo-dynamic active earth pressure behind retaining wall for cohesive soil backfill. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 19, 3298-3304, 2012.
  • Das, B.M., Puri, V.K., Static and dynamic active earth pressure. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 14, 4, 353-366, 1996.
  • Saran, S., Gupta, R.P., Seismic earth pressures behind walls. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 3, 195-213, 2003.
  • Ghosh, S., Dey, G.N., Datta, B., Pseudo-static analysis of rigid retaining wall for dynamic active earth pressure. 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG) 1-6 October, Goa-India, 4122-4131, 2008.
  • Shukla, S.K., Dynamic active thrust from c-ϕ soil backfills. Dynamic Earthquake Engineering, 31, 3, 526-529, 2011.
  • Shukla, S.K., Bathurst, R. J., An analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-ϕ soil backfill on retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion. Geomechanics and Engineering, 4, 3, 209-218, 2012.
  • Ghosh, S., Sengupta, S., Extension of Mononobe-Okabe theory to evaluate seismic active earth pressure supporting c-ϕ soil backfill, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17(D), 495-504, 2012.
  • Iskander, M., Chen, Z., Omidvar, M., Guzman, I., Rankine pseudo-static earth pressure for c-ϕ soils. Mechanics Research Communications, 51, 51-55, 2013.
  • Shukla, S.K., Generalized analytical expression for dynamic active thrust from c-ϕ soil backfills. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 9, 4, 416-421, 2015.
  • Lin, Y., Leng, W., Yang, G., Zhao, L., Li, L., Yang, J., Seismic active earth pressure of cohesive-frictional soil on retaining wall based on a slice analysis method. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 70, 133-143, 2015.
  • Zhou, Y., Chen, F., Wang, X., Seismic active earth pressure for inclined rigid retaining walls considering rotation of the principal stresses with pseudo-dynamic method. International Journal of Geomechanics, 18, 7: 04018083, 1-9, 2018.
  • Tang, Y., Chen, J., A computational method of active earth pressure from finite soil body. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Vol. 2018: 9892376, 1-7, 2018.
  • Gupta, A., Sawant, V.A., Effect of soil amplification on seismic earth pressure using pseudo-dynamic approach. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 4, 2, 1-12, 2018.
  • Gupta, A., Yadav, V., Sawant, V.A., Agarwal R., Development of design charts considering the effect of backfill inclination and wall inclination on the seismic active pressure for c-ϕ soil. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 4, 2, 409-419, 2019.
  • Peng, J., Zhu, Y., Derivation of Shukla's generalized expression for dynamic active thrust by inclined slice element method. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 56, 2, 77-81, 2019.
  • Caltabiano, S., Cascone, E., Maugeri, M., Seismic stability of retaining walls with surcharge. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 20, 469-476, 2000.
  • Caltabiano, S., Cascone, E., Maugeri, M, A procedure for seismic design of retaining walls, seismic prevention of damage: A case study in a mediterranean city. WIT Trans. State Art Sci. Eng., 8, 263-277, 2005.
  • Caltabiano, S., Cascone, E., Maugeri, M., Static and seismic limit equilibrium analysis of sliding retaining walls under different surcharge conditions. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 37, 38-55, 2012.
  • Aminpour, M.M., Maleki, M., Ghanbari, A., Investigation of the effect of surcharge on behavior of soil slopes, Geomechanics and Engineering, 13, 4, 653-669, 2017.
  • Hou, G., Shu, S., Trial wedge approach to determine lateral earth pressures. International Journal of Geomechanics, 19, 1: 06018035, 1-16, 2019.
  • Arda, Ç., Çinicioğlu, Ö., Kohezyonsuz zeminlerin tane dağılım ve şekil özelliklerinin aktif göçme yüzeyi geometrisine etkileri. Teknik Dergi, 30, 5, 9399-9420, 2019.
  • Yazdani, M., Azad A., Farshi, A.H., Talatahari, S., Extended ‘Mononobe-Okabe’ method for seismic design of retaining walls. Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol. 2013, 1-10, 2013.
  • Greco, V.R., An algorithm for the evaluation of active thrust for backfill with irregular profile. Geotechnique Letters, 5, 2, 1-6, 2015a.
  • Greco, V.R., Seismic active thrust due to backfill of general topographic profile. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 79, 66-70, 2015b.
  • Kim, W.C., Park, D., Kim, B. Development of a generalized formula for dynamic active earth thrust. Geotechnique, 60, 9, 721-727, 2010.
  • Greco, V.R., Discussion of ‘Development of a generalized formula for dynamic active earth thrust by Kim, W.C., Park, D. and Kim, B.’. Geotechnique, 62, 4, 365-366, 2012.
  • Lu, H., Yuan, B., Calculation of passive earth pressure of cohesive soil based on Culmann’s method. Water Science and Engineering, 4, 1, 101-109, 2011.
  • Culmann, K., Die graphische statik, Meyer&Zeller, Zurih, 1866.
  • Motta, E., Generalized coulomb active-earth pressure for distanced surcharge. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 120, 6, 1072-1079, 1994.
  • Paik, K.H., Salgado, R., Estimation of active earth pressure against rigid retaining walls considering arching effects. Geotechnique, 53, 7, 643-653, 2003.
  • Shukla, S.K., Gupta, S.K., Sivakugan, N., Active earth pressure on retaining wall for c-ϕ soil backfill under seismic loading condition. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135, 5, 690-696, 2009.
  • Nian, T., Han, J., Analytical solution for Rankine’s seismic active earth pressure in c-ϕ soil with infinite slope. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1399, 1611-1616, 2013.
  • Ghosh, S., Sharma, R.P., Seismic active earth pressure on the back of battered retaining wall supporting inclined backfill. International Journal of Geomechanics, 12, 1, 54-63, 2012.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering, Civil Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ümit Çalık 0000-0002-7321-1998

Publication Date July 1, 2022
Submission Date February 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 33 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Çalık, Ü. (2022). Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill. Teknik Dergi, 33(4), 12027-12043. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.684834
AMA Çalık Ü. Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill. Teknik Dergi. July 2022;33(4):12027-12043. doi:10.18400/tekderg.684834
Chicago Çalık, Ümit. “Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill”. Teknik Dergi 33, no. 4 (July 2022): 12027-43. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.684834.
EndNote Çalık Ü (July 1, 2022) Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill. Teknik Dergi 33 4 12027–12043.
IEEE Ü. Çalık, “Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill”, Teknik Dergi, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 12027–12043, 2022, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.684834.
ISNAD Çalık, Ümit. “Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill”. Teknik Dergi 33/4 (July 2022), 12027-12043. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.684834.
JAMA Çalık Ü. Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill. Teknik Dergi. 2022;33:12027–12043.
MLA Çalık, Ümit. “Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill”. Teknik Dergi, vol. 33, no. 4, 2022, pp. 12027-43, doi:10.18400/tekderg.684834.
Vancouver Çalık Ü. Critical Inclination of Failure Surface and Seismic Active Earth Thrust for a Broken Slope Backfill. Teknik Dergi. 2022;33(4):12027-43.