Abstract
Vortical flow formed by a submerged hydraulic jump may produce significant hydrodynamic lift and drag pressures on a gate beneath the hydraulic jump. In this study, an experimental setup equipped with multi-pressure sensors was used to measure fluctuating impact pressures on the submerged gate for different flow conditions characterized by the inlet Froude number and submergence factor (S). Time-averaged and instantaneous pressure coefficients are evaluated based on simultaneous measurements of wall pressures at multiple locations, including those at the lip and downstream face of the gate. In particular, instantaneous lift pressure coefficients are observed to be independent of the submergence ratio for S > 0.6. It is found that low Froude number flows produce high surface pressure fluctuations and the dominant frequency of pressure fluctuations shifts to higher frequency as the Froude number increases. Pressure measurements for the free hydraulic jump suggest that the power spectra of lift pressure fluctuations are devoid of any significant energy level, whereas the resulting power spectra of the submerged flow exhibits significant energy level in the frequency range of 14-19 Hz. The proposed measurement system can be used for the in situ identification of hydrodynamic pressures acting on the gates in irrigation canals.
Supporting Institution
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
Project Number
216M521
References
- Amir, M., Nikora, V.I., Stewart, M.T., Pressure forces on sediment particle in turbulent open-channel flow: A laboratory study. J. Fluid Mech., 757, 458-497, 2014.
- Svendsen, I.A., Veeramony J., Bakunin J., Kirby, J.T., The flow in weak turbulent hydraulic jumps. J. Fluid Mech., 418, 25-57, 2000.
- Long, D., Steffler, P.M., Rajaratnam N., LDA study of flow structure in submerged hydraulic jump. J. Hydraul. Res., 28, 437-460, 1990.
- Dey, S., Sarkar, A., Response of velocity and turbulence in submerged wall jets to abrupt changes from smooth to rough beds and its application to scour downstream of an apron. J. Fluid Mech., 556, 387-419, 2006.
- Dey, S., Sarkar, A., Characteristics of turbulent flow in submerged jumps on rough beds. J. Eng. Mech., 134, 49-59, 2008.
- Gümüş, V., Aköz, M.S., Kırkgöz, M.S., Kapak mansabında batmış hidrolik sıçramanın deneysel ve sayısal modellenmesi. Teknik Dergi, 24(117), 2013.
- Rajaratnam, N., Advan J. Hydraulic jumps. Hydro-Sci, 4, 197-280, 1967.
- Thang, N.D., Naudascher, E., Vortex-excited vibration of underflow gates. J. Hydraul. Res. 24, 133-151, 1986.
- Bhargava, V.P., Narasimhan, S., Pressure fluctuation on gates. J. Hydraul. Res., 27, 215-231, 1989.
- Fiorotto, V., Rinaldo, A., Turbulent pressure fluctuations under hydraulic jumps. J. Hydraul. Res., 30, 499-520, 1992..
- Roth, A., Hager, W.H., Underflow of standard sluice gate. J. Exp. Fluid., 27, 339-350, 1999.
- Billeter, P., Staubli, T., Flow-induced multiple-mode vibrations of gates with submerged discharge. J. Fluids. Struct., 14, 323-338, 2000.
- Erdbrink, C.D., Krzhizhanovskaya, V.V., Sloot, P.M.A., Reducing cross-flow vibration of underflow gates: Experiments and numerical studies. J. Fluid. Struct., 50, 25-48, 2014.
- Kampel, I., Prenner, R., Krouzecky, N. Pressure fluctuations on underflow gates of weirs due to upstream vortex generation. Materials Today: Proceedings., 4, 5833-5838, 2017.
- Smok, S., Demirel, E., Pressure Measurements on the Gate Subjected to Submerged Hydraulic Jump. Advances in Fluid Mechanics, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2018.
- Smok, S. Experimental Investigation of Vortex Induced Hydrodynamic Effects Acting on the Submerged Gate and Development of Vortex Breaker Apparatus, Master Thesis, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 2019.
- Dios, M., Bombardelli, F.A., Garcia, C.M., Liscia, S.O., Lopardo, R.A., Parravicini, J.A., Experimental characterization of three-dimensional flow vortical structures in submerged hydraulic jumps. J. Hydro-Environ. Res., 15, 1-12, 2017.
- Bijankhan, M., Kouchazadeh, S., Belaud, G., Application of the submerged experimental velocity profiles for the sluice gate’s stage-discharge relationship. Flow. Meas. Instrum., 54, 97-108, 2017.
- Murray, R.I., Simmons, W.P., Hydraulic Downpull Forces on Large Gates. Bureau of Reclamation, Report Number Research Report No. 4., 1966.
- Murzyn, F., Chanson, H., Experimental assessment of scale effects affecting two-phase flow properties in hydraulic jumps. Exp. Fluids, 45, 513-521, 2008.
- Streeter, V. L., Wylie, E. B., Bedford, K. W., Fluid Mechanics, 9ed, McGraw-Hill, US, 1998.
- Oppenheim, A.V., Schafer, R.W., Buck, J.R., Discrete-time signal processing, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1999.
- The MathWorks, Pro-Matlab User’s Guide. South Natick, MA, 1990.
- Welch, P.D., The use of fast Fourier transforms for estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms. IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustic, 15, 70-73, 1967.
Abstract
Vortical flow formed by a submerged hydraulic jump may produce significant hydrodynamic lift and drag pressures on a gate beneath the hydraulic jump. In this study, an experimental setup equipped with multi-pressure sensors was used to measure fluctuating impact pressures on the submerged gate for different flow conditions characterized by the inlet Froude number and submergence factor (S). Time-averaged and instantaneous pressure coefficients are evaluated based on simultaneous measurements of wall pressures at multiple locations, including those at the lip and downstream face of the gate. In particular, instantaneous lift pressure coefficients are observed to be independent of the submergence ratio for S > 0.6. It is found that low Froude number flows produce high surface pressure fluctuations and the dominant frequency of pressure fluctuations shifts to higher frequency as the Froude number increases. Pressure measurements for the free hydraulic jump suggest that the power spectra of lift pressure fluctuations are devoid of any significant energy level, whereas the resulting power spectra of the submerged flow exhibits significant energy level in the frequency range of 14-19 Hz. The proposed measurement system can be used for the in situ identification of hydrodynamic pressures acting on the gates in irrigation canals.
Project Number
216M521
References
- Amir, M., Nikora, V.I., Stewart, M.T., Pressure forces on sediment particle in turbulent open-channel flow: A laboratory study. J. Fluid Mech., 757, 458-497, 2014.
- Svendsen, I.A., Veeramony J., Bakunin J., Kirby, J.T., The flow in weak turbulent hydraulic jumps. J. Fluid Mech., 418, 25-57, 2000.
- Long, D., Steffler, P.M., Rajaratnam N., LDA study of flow structure in submerged hydraulic jump. J. Hydraul. Res., 28, 437-460, 1990.
- Dey, S., Sarkar, A., Response of velocity and turbulence in submerged wall jets to abrupt changes from smooth to rough beds and its application to scour downstream of an apron. J. Fluid Mech., 556, 387-419, 2006.
- Dey, S., Sarkar, A., Characteristics of turbulent flow in submerged jumps on rough beds. J. Eng. Mech., 134, 49-59, 2008.
- Gümüş, V., Aköz, M.S., Kırkgöz, M.S., Kapak mansabında batmış hidrolik sıçramanın deneysel ve sayısal modellenmesi. Teknik Dergi, 24(117), 2013.
- Rajaratnam, N., Advan J. Hydraulic jumps. Hydro-Sci, 4, 197-280, 1967.
- Thang, N.D., Naudascher, E., Vortex-excited vibration of underflow gates. J. Hydraul. Res. 24, 133-151, 1986.
- Bhargava, V.P., Narasimhan, S., Pressure fluctuation on gates. J. Hydraul. Res., 27, 215-231, 1989.
- Fiorotto, V., Rinaldo, A., Turbulent pressure fluctuations under hydraulic jumps. J. Hydraul. Res., 30, 499-520, 1992..
- Roth, A., Hager, W.H., Underflow of standard sluice gate. J. Exp. Fluid., 27, 339-350, 1999.
- Billeter, P., Staubli, T., Flow-induced multiple-mode vibrations of gates with submerged discharge. J. Fluids. Struct., 14, 323-338, 2000.
- Erdbrink, C.D., Krzhizhanovskaya, V.V., Sloot, P.M.A., Reducing cross-flow vibration of underflow gates: Experiments and numerical studies. J. Fluid. Struct., 50, 25-48, 2014.
- Kampel, I., Prenner, R., Krouzecky, N. Pressure fluctuations on underflow gates of weirs due to upstream vortex generation. Materials Today: Proceedings., 4, 5833-5838, 2017.
- Smok, S., Demirel, E., Pressure Measurements on the Gate Subjected to Submerged Hydraulic Jump. Advances in Fluid Mechanics, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2018.
- Smok, S. Experimental Investigation of Vortex Induced Hydrodynamic Effects Acting on the Submerged Gate and Development of Vortex Breaker Apparatus, Master Thesis, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 2019.
- Dios, M., Bombardelli, F.A., Garcia, C.M., Liscia, S.O., Lopardo, R.A., Parravicini, J.A., Experimental characterization of three-dimensional flow vortical structures in submerged hydraulic jumps. J. Hydro-Environ. Res., 15, 1-12, 2017.
- Bijankhan, M., Kouchazadeh, S., Belaud, G., Application of the submerged experimental velocity profiles for the sluice gate’s stage-discharge relationship. Flow. Meas. Instrum., 54, 97-108, 2017.
- Murray, R.I., Simmons, W.P., Hydraulic Downpull Forces on Large Gates. Bureau of Reclamation, Report Number Research Report No. 4., 1966.
- Murzyn, F., Chanson, H., Experimental assessment of scale effects affecting two-phase flow properties in hydraulic jumps. Exp. Fluids, 45, 513-521, 2008.
- Streeter, V. L., Wylie, E. B., Bedford, K. W., Fluid Mechanics, 9ed, McGraw-Hill, US, 1998.
- Oppenheim, A.V., Schafer, R.W., Buck, J.R., Discrete-time signal processing, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1999.
- The MathWorks, Pro-Matlab User’s Guide. South Natick, MA, 1990.
- Welch, P.D., The use of fast Fourier transforms for estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms. IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustic, 15, 70-73, 1967.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Civil Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 216M521 |
| Publication Date | July 1, 2022 |
| Submission Date | March 23, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 33 Issue: 4 |
