Evaluation of Field Shear Wave Velocity in Deep Soil Mixing Based on Laboratory Studies

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 4, 12335 - 12350, 01.07.2022

Mojtaba Aslmand Mehmet Genes

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.899339

Abstract

One of the reasons behind the stabilization of soft and problematic soil by deep soil mixing is to reduce the amplification of seismic waves which arrive to the ground surface and foundation of buildings. Therefore, it is important to correctly predict the dynamic properties of the improved ground. To address the dynamic properties of deep soil mixing, this paper evaluates the in-situ shear wave velocity of deep soil mixing (Vs-field) based on laboratory investigation (Vs-lab). The conversion factors, relating to the shear wave velocities of laboratory and field, have been obtained based on a variety of tests including bender element, pulse velocity, and low-amplitude dynamic tests in the resonance column. In this study, the effect of confinement and vertical stress on the dynamic properties of the base stabilized using deep soil mixing technology was evaluated. These effects were combined with the known disturbance and aging influence which is available in the literature.
The research has shown that the most significant factors affecting the shear wave velocity are confinement stress and additional vertical load, which lead to 43% and 17.5% increase respectively.

Keywords

Deep soil mixing, Shear wave velocity, Conversion factor, Bender element, Resonant column

References

• AASHTO. “AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications”, Washington, DC, 2012.
• ASCE. “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures”, ASCE/SEI 7-16. Reston, VA, 2016.
• CEN (European Committee for Standardization). “Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance. Part 1—General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings”, EN 1998-1 Eurocode 8. Brussels, Belgium, 2004.
• ICC (International Code Council). “International building code”, Country Club Hills, IL: ICC, 2018.
• Bate B, Cao J, Zhang C, Hao N, Wang S. Monitoring lime and cement improvement using spectral induced polarization and bender element techniques. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 13(1):202-11, 2021.
• Piriyakul K, Iamchaturapatr J. Deep soil mixing method for the bio-cement by means of bender element test. In Advances in Laboratory Testing and Modelling of Soils and Shales 2017 Jan 18 (pp. 375-381). Springer, Cham.
• Canakci H, Güllü H, Dwle MI. Effect of glass powder added grout for deep mixing of marginal sand with clay. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 43(4):1583-95, 2018.
• Madhyannapu RS, Puppala AJ, Nazarian S, Yuan D. Quality assessment and quality control of deep soil mixing construction for stabilizing expansive subsoils. Journal of geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering. 136(1):119-28, 2010.
• Gulen M., Kılıç H., “Determination of strength and deformation parameters of remolded clays by falling cone and veyn tests”, Teknik Dergi, 31(3): 9987-10012, 2020
• ASTM D 7400‐14. "Standard Test Methods for Downhole Seismic Testing", 2014.
• Kitazume, Masaki, and Masaaki Terashi, “The deep mixing method”, CRC Press, 2013.
• Viggiani, G. and Atkinson, J.H., “Interpretation of bender element tests”, Géotechnique: 45(1), 149–154, 1995.
• Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). “Design Manual: Deep Mixing for Embankment and Foundation Support”, United States Department of Transportation, Publication No. FHWA-HRT-13-046, 2013.
• ASTM D2845-08, “Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock (Withdrawn 2017)”, DOI: 10.1520/D2845-08 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008.
• ASTM D2166, “Standard Specification for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil”, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2006.
• ASTM D8295-19, “Standard Test Method for Determination of Shear Wave Velocity and Initial Shear Modulus in Soil Specimens Using Bender Elements”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019.
• Kramer, S. L., “Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering”, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996.
• Chiara, N., Stokoe, K.H., “Sample Disturbance in Resonant Column Test Measurement of Small-Strain Shear Wave Velocity, Soil Stress-Strain Behavior: Measurement, Modeling and Analysis”, Geotechnical Symposium in Roma, March 16&17, 2006.
• Boone, Darrel, S., “A Comparison Between the Compressive Strength and the Dynamic Properties of Concrete as a Function of Time”, Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2005.