THERMO-PHYSIOLOGICAL COMFORT OF LAYERED KNITTED FABRICS FOR SPORTSWEAR
Year 2017,
Volume: 27 Issue: 4, 352 - 360, 27.12.2017
Suganthi T
,
Senthilkumar P
Abstract
The thermal comfort properties of different bi-layer knitted structures made from Polyester yarn as an inner layer and Modal/Bamboo yarn as an outer layer have been studied. Four bi-layer knitted fabrics were developed and then analyzed objectively and subjectively for their comfort properties. The air permeability, thermal conductivity, water vapour permeability, wicking ability and drying rate were found to be higher and moisture absorbency was found to be lower for bi-layer knitted fabric with one-tuck point made out of Bamboo as an outer layer compared to all other fabrics. The same structure showed good ranking on subjective rating of thermal environment scale. ANOVA analysis and Friedman One-Way Analysis of Variance were discussed with 95% significant level.
References
- 1. Chinta S.K. and Pooja D Gujar., 2013, “Significance of moisture management for high performance textile fabrics”, International journal of innovative
research in science, engineering and technology, Vol: 2, pp: 814–819.
2. Rigby D., 1996, “Sportswear and leisure wear: understanding the present and forecasting the future”, Australian Textile Fashion, Vol: 14, pp: 19–22.
3. Phillip A Bishop, Gytis Balilonis, Jon Kyle Davis and Yang Zhang., 2013, “Ergonomics and comfort in protective and sport clothing: a brief review”,
Journal of Ergonomics, Vol: S2, pp: 2-7.
4. Shishoo R., 2005, “Textiles in sport”, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 177-202.
5. Collier B. J. and Epps H. H., 1999, “Textile testing and analysis”, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
6. Oguz Demiryurek and Derya Uysalturk., 2013, “Thermal comfort properties of Viloft/cotton and Viloft/polyester blended knitted fabrics”, Textile Research
Journal, Vol: 83, pp: 1740–1753.
7. Senthilkumar P., 2009, “Study of comfort characteristics of cotton hollow yarn knitted fabrics”, PhD Thesis, Anna University, Chennai, India.
8. Shoshani Y. and Shaltiel S., 1989, “Heat resistance characteristics of weft knit single jersey ınlay fabrics”, Knitting Times, Vol: 4, pp: 70-72.
9. Milenkovic L., Skundric P., Sokolovic R. and Nikolic T., 1999, “Comfort properties of defense protective clothing”, Scientific Journal Facta Universitatis,
Vol: 1, pp: 101-106.
10. Helen Epps H. and Min Kyu Song., 1992, “Thermal transmittance and air permeability of plain weave fabrics”, Clothing and Textile Research Journal,
Vol: 11, pp: 10-17.
11. Kyoung An, Hae Jin Gam and Huantian Cao., 2013, “Evaluating thermal and sensorial performance of organic cotton, bamboo-blended, and soybeanblended
fabrics”, Clothing and Textile Research Journal, Vol: 31, pp: 157-166.
12. Gamze Supuren, Nida Oglakcioglu, Nilgun Ozdil and Arzu Marmarali., 2011, “Moisture management and thermal absorptivity properties of double-face
knitted fabrics”, Textile Research Journal, Vol: 81, pp: 1320-1330.
13. Brojeswari Das, Apurba Das, Vijay Kothari, Raul Fanguiero and Mario D Araujo., 2009, “Moisture flow through blended fabrics – effect of hydrophilicity”,
Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Vol: 4, pp: 20-28.
14. Elena Onofrei, Ana Maria Rocha and André Catarino., 2011, “The influence of knitted fabric’s structure on the thermal and moisture management
properties”, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Vol: 6, pp: 10.
15. Hong K., Sun O. and Chi D., 1993, “Dynamic heat and moisture transfer through multiple clothing layers”, Journal of Thermal Biology, Vol: 18, pp: 435-
438.
16. Piller B., 1986, “Integrated multi-layered knitted fabrics–A new generation of textiles polypropylene fibers”, Melliand Textilber, Vol: 67, pp: 412-
416.
17. Sathish Babu B., Senthilkumar P. and Senthilkumar M., 2015, “Effect of yarn linear density on moisture management characteristics of
cotton/polypropylene double layer knitted fabrics”, Industria Textila, Vol: 66, pp: 123–130.
18. Yasuda T., Miyama M. and Yasuda H., 1994, “Dynamic water vapour and heat transport through layered fabrics Part III: surface temperature change”,
Textile Research Journal, Vol: 64, pp: 457–461.
19. Suganthi T., Senthilkumar P. and Dipika V., Thermal comfort properties of bi-layer knitted fabric structure for volleyball sportswear, Fibres and Textiles
in Eastern Europe, Accepted for publication.
20. Umbach K.H., 1993, “Aspects of clothing physiology in the development of sportswear”, Knitting Techniques, Vol: 15, pp: 165-169.
21. Devanand Uttam., 2013, “Active sportswear fabrics”, International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Research, Vol: 2, pp: 34-40.
22. Oglakcioglu N. and Marmarali A., 2009, “Thermal comfort properties of double face fabrics knitted with cotton and polypropylene”, In: Proceedings of the
AUTEX 2009 World Textile Conference, Izmir, Turkey.
23. Suganthi T. and Senthilkumar P., Comfort properties of double face knitted fabrics for tennis sportswear, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research,
Accepted for publication.
24. Anand S., 2003, “Sportswear fabrics”, Knitting International, Vol: June, pp: 23-25.
25. Laing R. M., Braid A Mac Rae and Cheryl A Wilson., 2011, “Layering of fabrics in laboratory tests to reflect combinations as outdoor apparel”, Textile
Research Journal, Vol: 81, pp: 1828–1842.
26. Manshahia M. and Das A., “Comfort Characteristics of Knitted Active Sportswear: Liquid Water Transportation”, Research Journal of Textile and
Apparel, Vol: 17, pp: 38–49.
27. Srinivasan J., Ramakrishnan G., Mukhopadhyay S. and Manoharan S., 2007, “A study of knitted fabrics from polyester micro-denier fibres”, Journal of
Textile Institute, Vol: 98, pp: 31–35.
28. Oner E., Atasagun H.G. and Okur A., 2013, “Evaluation of moisture management properties on knitted fabrics”, Journal of Textile Institute, Vol: 104, pp:
699-707.
29. Salome Kyatuheire, Li Wei and Josphat Igadwa Mwasiagi., 2014, “Investigation of moisture transportation properties of knitted fabrics made from
viscose vortex spun yarns”, Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol: 9, pp: 151–157.
30. Das A., Shabaridharan, and Biswas B., 2011, “Study on heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics through multi-layered fabric ensembles”,
Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, Vol: 36, pp: 410-444.
31. Kandhavadivu P., Rathinamoorthy R. and Surjit R., 2015, “Moisture and thermal management properties of woven and knitted tri-layer fabrics”, Indian
Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, Vol: 40, pp: 243–249.
32. Das A., Alagirusamy R. and Kumar P., 2011, “Study of heat transfer through multilayer clothing assemblies: A theoretical prediction”, Autex Research
Journal, Vol: 11, pp: 54–60.
33. Olga Troynikov, and Wiah Wardiningsih., 2011, “Moisture management properties of wool/polyester and wool/bamboo knitted fabrics for the sportswear
base layer”, Text. Res. J, Vol: 81, pp: 621-631.
34. Fangueiro R., Filgueiras A. and Soutinho F., 2010, “Wicking behaviour and drying capability of functional knitted fabrics”, Textile Research Journal, Vol:
80, pp: 1522-1530.
35. Standard test method for thickness of textile materials, ASTM D1777 (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA), 1996.
36. Method of test for the determination of the permeability of fabrics to air, BS 5636 (British Standards, London, England), 1990
37. Standard practice for thermal conductivity of leather, ASTM D7340 (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA), 2012.
38. Specification for water vapour permeable apparel fabrics, BS 7209 (British Standards, London, England), 1990.
39. Elena Onofrei, Ana Maria Rocha, and André Catarino., 2011, “Thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics made of elastane and bioactive yarns”,
Materials Science and Engineering, Vol: 1, pp: 428-435.
40. Harnett P.R. and Mehta P.N., 1984, “A survey and comparison of laboratory test methods for measuring wicking”, Textile Research Journal, Vol: 84,
pp: 471.
41. Saville B.P., 1999, “Physical testing of textiles”, Wood head Publishing Limited, Cambridge.
42. Method for resistance of fabrics to water absorption (Static immersion test), BS 3449 (British Standards, London, England), 1990.
43. Erik Johasson, Sofia Thorsson, Rohinton Emmanuel, and Eduardo Kruger., 2014, “Instruments and methods in outdoor thermal comfort studies - The
need for standardization”, Urban Climate, Vol: 10, pp: 346-366.
44. Raechel Laing, and Ingham P.E., 1984-1985, “Patterning of objective and subjective responses to heat protective clothing systems Part 1 Objective
measurements of comfort”, Clothing and Textile Research Journal, Vol: 3, pp: 24-33.
45. Ajay R and Avinash K., 2012, “Physical and UV protection properties of knitted bamboo fabrics”, Textile Review, Vol: 7, pp: 24-26.
46. Karahan A, Oktem T and Seventekin N., 2006, “Natural bamboo fibres’, Tekstil Ve Konfeksiyon”, Vol: 16, pp: 236-240.
47. Prakash C., 2014, “A study of yarn and fabric properties of bamboo cotton blends”, PhD Thesis, Anna University, Chennai, India.
ÇEVRESEL PARAMETRELERİN ELEKTROSPİN YÖNTEMİYLE ÜRETİLMİŞ POLİTRİMETİLEN TEREFTALAT LİFLERİNİN MORFOLOJİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Year 2017,
Volume: 27 Issue: 4, 352 - 360, 27.12.2017
Suganthi T
,
Senthilkumar P
Abstract
The thermal comfort properties of different bi-layer knitted structures made from Polyester yarn as an inner layer and Modal/Bamboo yarn as an outer layer have been studied. Four bi-layer knitted fabrics were developed and then analyzed objectively and subjectively for their comfort properties. The air permeability, thermal conductivity, water vapour permeability, wicking ability and drying rate were found to be higher and moisture absorbency was found to be lower for bi-layer knitted fabric with one-tuck point made out of Bamboo as an outer layer compared to all other fabrics. The same structure showed good ranking on subjective rating of thermal environment scale. ANOVA analysis and Friedman One-Way Analysis of Variance were discussed with 95% significant level.
References
- 1. Chinta S.K. and Pooja D Gujar., 2013, “Significance of moisture management for high performance textile fabrics”, International journal of innovative
research in science, engineering and technology, Vol: 2, pp: 814–819.
2. Rigby D., 1996, “Sportswear and leisure wear: understanding the present and forecasting the future”, Australian Textile Fashion, Vol: 14, pp: 19–22.
3. Phillip A Bishop, Gytis Balilonis, Jon Kyle Davis and Yang Zhang., 2013, “Ergonomics and comfort in protective and sport clothing: a brief review”,
Journal of Ergonomics, Vol: S2, pp: 2-7.
4. Shishoo R., 2005, “Textiles in sport”, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 177-202.
5. Collier B. J. and Epps H. H., 1999, “Textile testing and analysis”, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
6. Oguz Demiryurek and Derya Uysalturk., 2013, “Thermal comfort properties of Viloft/cotton and Viloft/polyester blended knitted fabrics”, Textile Research
Journal, Vol: 83, pp: 1740–1753.
7. Senthilkumar P., 2009, “Study of comfort characteristics of cotton hollow yarn knitted fabrics”, PhD Thesis, Anna University, Chennai, India.
8. Shoshani Y. and Shaltiel S., 1989, “Heat resistance characteristics of weft knit single jersey ınlay fabrics”, Knitting Times, Vol: 4, pp: 70-72.
9. Milenkovic L., Skundric P., Sokolovic R. and Nikolic T., 1999, “Comfort properties of defense protective clothing”, Scientific Journal Facta Universitatis,
Vol: 1, pp: 101-106.
10. Helen Epps H. and Min Kyu Song., 1992, “Thermal transmittance and air permeability of plain weave fabrics”, Clothing and Textile Research Journal,
Vol: 11, pp: 10-17.
11. Kyoung An, Hae Jin Gam and Huantian Cao., 2013, “Evaluating thermal and sensorial performance of organic cotton, bamboo-blended, and soybeanblended
fabrics”, Clothing and Textile Research Journal, Vol: 31, pp: 157-166.
12. Gamze Supuren, Nida Oglakcioglu, Nilgun Ozdil and Arzu Marmarali., 2011, “Moisture management and thermal absorptivity properties of double-face
knitted fabrics”, Textile Research Journal, Vol: 81, pp: 1320-1330.
13. Brojeswari Das, Apurba Das, Vijay Kothari, Raul Fanguiero and Mario D Araujo., 2009, “Moisture flow through blended fabrics – effect of hydrophilicity”,
Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Vol: 4, pp: 20-28.
14. Elena Onofrei, Ana Maria Rocha and André Catarino., 2011, “The influence of knitted fabric’s structure on the thermal and moisture management
properties”, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Vol: 6, pp: 10.
15. Hong K., Sun O. and Chi D., 1993, “Dynamic heat and moisture transfer through multiple clothing layers”, Journal of Thermal Biology, Vol: 18, pp: 435-
438.
16. Piller B., 1986, “Integrated multi-layered knitted fabrics–A new generation of textiles polypropylene fibers”, Melliand Textilber, Vol: 67, pp: 412-
416.
17. Sathish Babu B., Senthilkumar P. and Senthilkumar M., 2015, “Effect of yarn linear density on moisture management characteristics of
cotton/polypropylene double layer knitted fabrics”, Industria Textila, Vol: 66, pp: 123–130.
18. Yasuda T., Miyama M. and Yasuda H., 1994, “Dynamic water vapour and heat transport through layered fabrics Part III: surface temperature change”,
Textile Research Journal, Vol: 64, pp: 457–461.
19. Suganthi T., Senthilkumar P. and Dipika V., Thermal comfort properties of bi-layer knitted fabric structure for volleyball sportswear, Fibres and Textiles
in Eastern Europe, Accepted for publication.
20. Umbach K.H., 1993, “Aspects of clothing physiology in the development of sportswear”, Knitting Techniques, Vol: 15, pp: 165-169.
21. Devanand Uttam., 2013, “Active sportswear fabrics”, International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Research, Vol: 2, pp: 34-40.
22. Oglakcioglu N. and Marmarali A., 2009, “Thermal comfort properties of double face fabrics knitted with cotton and polypropylene”, In: Proceedings of the
AUTEX 2009 World Textile Conference, Izmir, Turkey.
23. Suganthi T. and Senthilkumar P., Comfort properties of double face knitted fabrics for tennis sportswear, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research,
Accepted for publication.
24. Anand S., 2003, “Sportswear fabrics”, Knitting International, Vol: June, pp: 23-25.
25. Laing R. M., Braid A Mac Rae and Cheryl A Wilson., 2011, “Layering of fabrics in laboratory tests to reflect combinations as outdoor apparel”, Textile
Research Journal, Vol: 81, pp: 1828–1842.
26. Manshahia M. and Das A., “Comfort Characteristics of Knitted Active Sportswear: Liquid Water Transportation”, Research Journal of Textile and
Apparel, Vol: 17, pp: 38–49.
27. Srinivasan J., Ramakrishnan G., Mukhopadhyay S. and Manoharan S., 2007, “A study of knitted fabrics from polyester micro-denier fibres”, Journal of
Textile Institute, Vol: 98, pp: 31–35.
28. Oner E., Atasagun H.G. and Okur A., 2013, “Evaluation of moisture management properties on knitted fabrics”, Journal of Textile Institute, Vol: 104, pp:
699-707.
29. Salome Kyatuheire, Li Wei and Josphat Igadwa Mwasiagi., 2014, “Investigation of moisture transportation properties of knitted fabrics made from
viscose vortex spun yarns”, Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol: 9, pp: 151–157.
30. Das A., Shabaridharan, and Biswas B., 2011, “Study on heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics through multi-layered fabric ensembles”,
Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, Vol: 36, pp: 410-444.
31. Kandhavadivu P., Rathinamoorthy R. and Surjit R., 2015, “Moisture and thermal management properties of woven and knitted tri-layer fabrics”, Indian
Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, Vol: 40, pp: 243–249.
32. Das A., Alagirusamy R. and Kumar P., 2011, “Study of heat transfer through multilayer clothing assemblies: A theoretical prediction”, Autex Research
Journal, Vol: 11, pp: 54–60.
33. Olga Troynikov, and Wiah Wardiningsih., 2011, “Moisture management properties of wool/polyester and wool/bamboo knitted fabrics for the sportswear
base layer”, Text. Res. J, Vol: 81, pp: 621-631.
34. Fangueiro R., Filgueiras A. and Soutinho F., 2010, “Wicking behaviour and drying capability of functional knitted fabrics”, Textile Research Journal, Vol:
80, pp: 1522-1530.
35. Standard test method for thickness of textile materials, ASTM D1777 (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA), 1996.
36. Method of test for the determination of the permeability of fabrics to air, BS 5636 (British Standards, London, England), 1990
37. Standard practice for thermal conductivity of leather, ASTM D7340 (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA), 2012.
38. Specification for water vapour permeable apparel fabrics, BS 7209 (British Standards, London, England), 1990.
39. Elena Onofrei, Ana Maria Rocha, and André Catarino., 2011, “Thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics made of elastane and bioactive yarns”,
Materials Science and Engineering, Vol: 1, pp: 428-435.
40. Harnett P.R. and Mehta P.N., 1984, “A survey and comparison of laboratory test methods for measuring wicking”, Textile Research Journal, Vol: 84,
pp: 471.
41. Saville B.P., 1999, “Physical testing of textiles”, Wood head Publishing Limited, Cambridge.
42. Method for resistance of fabrics to water absorption (Static immersion test), BS 3449 (British Standards, London, England), 1990.
43. Erik Johasson, Sofia Thorsson, Rohinton Emmanuel, and Eduardo Kruger., 2014, “Instruments and methods in outdoor thermal comfort studies - The
need for standardization”, Urban Climate, Vol: 10, pp: 346-366.
44. Raechel Laing, and Ingham P.E., 1984-1985, “Patterning of objective and subjective responses to heat protective clothing systems Part 1 Objective
measurements of comfort”, Clothing and Textile Research Journal, Vol: 3, pp: 24-33.
45. Ajay R and Avinash K., 2012, “Physical and UV protection properties of knitted bamboo fabrics”, Textile Review, Vol: 7, pp: 24-26.
46. Karahan A, Oktem T and Seventekin N., 2006, “Natural bamboo fibres’, Tekstil Ve Konfeksiyon”, Vol: 16, pp: 236-240.
47. Prakash C., 2014, “A study of yarn and fabric properties of bamboo cotton blends”, PhD Thesis, Anna University, Chennai, India.