EFFECT OF FIBRE CONTENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BASALT FIBRE REINFORCED POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) COMPOSITES

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 66 - 71, 31.03.2018

Murat Kaya Mustafa Aslan , Onur Güler Ümit Alver

Abstract

A widespread use of composite materials leads researchers to search for
sustainable raw materials. In the present work, a sustainable thermoplastic
polylactic acid (PLA) based composite materials were aimed to produce by
extrusion followed with compression moulding method. The chopped basalt fibres
with the length of 3 mm were also used as natural inorganic fibre source to reinforce
PLA matrices obtained natural resources with the different contents until 50%
by weight. Composite pellets were manufactured by a single screw extruder and
followed composite panels were manufactured in the hot compression moulding
machine. All of the composite samples were experimented to density, tensile,
bending and impact tests. The results indicated that the density of the composite
materials increase with the increasing of the content of basalt fibres. Besides,
the increment of fibre content and about 180% increase compare to pure
PLAlinearly enhanced the tensile and flexural modulus of composite materials.
As a result of statistical evaluation, basalt fibre reinforcedPLA composites at
fibre content of45 wt% were found to have significant difference among other
fibre contents and had highest tensile, flexural and impact strength results of
53.73 MPa, 118 MPa and 1.49 kJ/m², respectively.

Keywords

Basalt fibre, Polylactic acid, Composite, Mechanical properties, Compression moulding

ELYAF ORANININ BAZALT ELYAF TAKVİYELİ POLİLAKTİK ASİT (PLA) KOMPOZİTLERİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Kompozit malzemelerin
yaygın kullanımı araştırmacıları bu alanda kullanılacak sürdürülebilir
hammaddeler üzerinde araştırma yapmaya yöneltmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ekstrüzyon
ve bunu takiben basınçlı kalıplama yöntemi ile sürdürülebilir termoplastikpolilaktik
asit (PLA) matrislikompozit malzemeler üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Doğal inorganik
bir elyaf kaynağı olarak, 3 mm kırpılmış bazalt elyaflar ağırlıkça % 50 elyaf
oranına kadar farklı oranlarda doğal kaynaklardan üretilmiş PLA matrise takviye
edilmiştir. Kompozitpellet üretimi için tek vidalı ekstrüder ve ardından sıcak
presleme işlemi ile kompozit paneller üretilmiştir. Hazırlanan bütün kompozit
numuneler üzerinde yoğunluk, çekme, eğme ve darbe deneyleri yapılmıştır.
Sonuçlar, bazalt elyaf takviye oranının artması ile kompozit malzemelerin
yoğunluğunun arttığını göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda, artan elyaf oranı ile PLA
kompozitlerin çekme, eğilme elastikiyet modüllerinin lineer şekilde artığı ve
saf PLA ya göre yaklaşık %180 artış sağlanmıştır. İstatistik değerlendirme
sonucunda ağırlıkça %45 elyaf oranında bazalt elyaf içeren PLA kompozitlerinin
diğer elyaf oranlarına göre önemli derecede farka sahip olduğu ve sırasıyla 53,73
MPa, 118 MPa ve 1,49 kJ/m² olmak üzere en yüksek çekme, eğme ve
darbe dayanımına sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Bazalt elyaf, Polilaktik asit, Kompozit, Mekanik özellikler, Basınçlı kalıplama

References

• 1. Ren X., 2003,“Biodegradable Plastics: A Solution of A Challenge?”, Journal of Cleaner Production Vol:11, pp: 27-35.
• 2. KoganF. M. and Nikitina O. V., 1994,“Solubility of Chrysotile Asbestos and Basalt Fibersin Relation to Their Fibrogenicand Carcinogenic Action”,Environment Health Perspective, Vol:102, pp: 205.
• 3. Gurev V. V.,Neproshin E. I., Mostovoi G. E,2001, “The Effect of Basalt Fiber Production Technology on Mechanical Properties of Fiber”, Glass and Ceramics, Vol: 58, pp: 62-65.
• 4. Carmignato S, De Rosa IM, Sarasini F, Valente M.,2009,“Basalt Fiber Reinforced VinylPolyester Composite: An Overview” In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Innovative Natural FiberComposites for IndustrialApplications, Rome; April.
• 5. Lim, L. T., Auras R., Rubino M.,2008, “Processing Technologies for Poly(lactic acid)”, Progress in Polymer Science, Vol: 33,pp:820-852.
• 6.Zhang Y., Yu C., Chu P.K., L.F., Zhang C. and Ji J., 2012,“Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Poly(butylene Succinate) Composites”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol: 133, pp: 845– 849. 7.Manshor M.R., Anuar H., Aimi M.N.N., Fitrie M.I.A., NazriW.B.W., Sapuan S.M., El-Shekeil Y.A. andWahit M.U., 2014, “Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Durian Skin Fiber Reinforced PLA Biocomposites”, Materials and Design, Vol: 59, pp: 279–286.
• 8. Jonoobi, M., Harun J., Mathew, A.P. andOksman, K.,2010,“Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Prepared by Twin Screw Extrusion”, Composites Science and Technology, Vol: 70, 1742–1747.
• 9. CzigányT., Kovács G., TábiT., 2013, “Basalt Fiber Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites For Engineerıng Applications”, 19th Internatıonal Conference on Composite Materials”,pp: 4377-4383 .
• 10. Jones, R.F., 1998. “Guide to Short Fiber Reinforced Plastics”. Hanser Publishers, Munich, Germany.
• 11. Fu, S. Y., Lauke B, Ma Y.-W., 2009 “Science and Engineering of Short Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites”, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK.
• 12. Andrzej K. Bledzki and Omar Faruk 2004,“Wood Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Compression and Injection Molding Process”, Polymer–Plastics Technology and Engineering Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 871–888
• 13.Monoobi, M., Harun J., Mathew, A.P. andOksman, K., 2010, “Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Prepared by Twin Screw Extrusion”, Composites Science and Technology, Vol: 70, pp: 1742–1747.
• 14. Ochi, S., 2008, “Mechanical Properties of KenafFibers and Kenaf/PLA Composites, Mechanics of Materials”, 40, pp: 446–452,.
• 15. Fiore V., Scalici T., Di Bella G., Valenza A, 2015, “A Review on Basalt Fibre and Its Composites”, Composites Part B, Vol: 74, pp 74-94 16. Chen X, Li Y, Gu N. 2010 “A Novel Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composite For Hard Tissue Repair”, Biomedical Materials, Vol:5, pp: 1-8 17. Kurniawan D., Kim, B S, Lee, H.Y. and Lim J Y., 2011, Effects of Varıous Treatments onMechanical Properties of Basalt FiberPolylactic Acid Composites”, 16th International Conference on Composite Structures ICCS 16,FEUP, Porto.
• 18. Tábi, T., Tamás, P., Kovács, J.G., 2013“Chopped Basalt Fibers: A New Perspective in Reinforcing Poly(lactic Acid) to Produce Injection Moulded Engineering Composites from Renewable and Natural Resources”, Express Polymer Letters, Vol:7(2),pp:107–119.
• 19.Liu, T., Yu, F., Yu, X., Zhao, X., Lu, A. and Wang, J., 2012, “Basalt Fiber Reinforced and Elastomer Toughened Polylactide Composites: Mechanical Properties, Rheology, Crystallization, and Morphology”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol: 125, pp: 1292–1301.
• 20. Zhang, Z. F andXin,Y., 2014, “Mechanical Properties of Basalt-Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide-6/Polypropylene, Composites”, Mechanics of Composite Materials, Vol: 50(4), pp: 509-514.
• 21. Tabi, T., Egerhazi A.Z., Tamas P., Czigany T. ve Kovacs J.G., 2014“Investigation of Injection Moulded Poly(lactic Acid) Reinforced with Long Basalt Fibres”, Composites: Part A, Vol: 64, 99–106,.
• 22. Hull,D.,Clyne,T. W., 1996,“An Introduction to Composite Materials”, Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge.
• 23.Lee, D.J. “Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Compression and Injection Molded PEEK/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites”,2006, Key Engineering Materials, Vol: 306, pp: 751-756,
• 24. Barkoula, N.M., Garkhail, S.K. and Peijs, T. “Effect of Compounding and Injection Molding on the Mechanical Properties of Flax Fiber Polypropylene Composites”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. Vol: 29, 1366-1385, 2010.