Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

FLAME RETARDANT EFFECT OF TRI BUTYL PHOSPHATE (TBP) IN VEGETABLE TANNED LEATHERS

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 135 - 140, 30.06.2018

Abstract

Tributyl Phosphate (TBP) is classified as organophosphorus compounds and shows a fire retardant effect in different material. In this work, lime splitting cattle leathers was tanned two type vegetable tannings, Mimosa (Group 1) and Tara (Group 2) and then TBP was applied to the non-finished vegetable tanned leathers at different concentrations. (0%, 7%, 14%, 21%) After the flame retardant mixture applied to the vegetable tanned leathers, samples were finished with a standard finishing recipe. Fire retardant effect on TBP treated leathers was determined by LOI test. Also morphological properties of leathers by SEM, molecular binding characterization of leathers by ATR-FTIR Analysis and color properties of leathers by CIE Lab Color Analysis were researched. The results showed that TBP treated vegetable tanned leathers were good flame retardant effect.

References

  • 1. Covington A.D., 2009, “Tanning Chemistry: The Science of Leather”, Cambridge, UK, p.384.
  • 2. Kite M. and Thomson R., 2006, “Conservation of Leather and Related Materials”, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, Oxford.
  • 3. Sykes R.L., 1991, “The Principles of Tanning, in Leather its composition and changes with time”, C. Calnan and B. Haines eds., The Leather Conservation Centre, Northampton.
  • 4. Huang Z., Li L., Chen W., 2005, “Influence of retanning on the flammability of leather”, China Leather, vol:34(3), pp:1-4.
  • 5. Huang Z., Li L., Chen W., 2006, “Influence of fatliquoring on the flammability of leather”, Journal of The Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, vol:90, pp:155-158.
  • 6. Açıkel S.M., Çelik C., Gültek A.S., Aslan A., 2017, “The Flame Retardant Effect Of Tributyl Phosphate on the Leathers”, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, vol:6(10), pp:44-48.
  • 7. Schmitt E. 2007, “Flame retardants Phosphorus-based flame retardants for thermoplastics”, Plastics Additives and Compounding, vol:9(3), pp:26–30.
  • 8. Gaan S, Sun G., Hutches K., Engelhard M.H., 2008, “Effect of nitrogen additives on flame retardant action of tributyl phosphate: Phosphorus nitrogen synergism”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol:93, pp:99-108.
  • 9. Bacardit A., Borràs M.D., Soler J., Herrero V., Jorge J., Ollé L., 2010, “Behavior of Leather as a Protective Heat Barrier andvFire Resistant Materia”, Journal American Leather Chemists Association, vol:105, pp:51-61.
  • 10. Chen W., Liu C., Gong Y., Huang Z., 2007, “Influence of tanning on the flammability of leather”, Journal of The Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, vol:91, pp:159-161.
  • 11. Donmez K., Kallenberger W.E., 1992, “Flame Resistance of Leather”, Journal- American Leather Chemists Association, vol: 87, pp:1-19.
  • 12. ASTM D 2863-77, 2006, “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)”.
  • 13. Mclaren K., 1976, The Development of the CIE 1976 (L* a* b*) Uniform Colour Space and Colour‐difference Formula, Coloration Technology, vol: 92(9), 338-341.
  • 14. Brainard D. H., in: Shevell S. K. (Ed.), 2003, “Color Appearance and Color Difference Specification”, The Science of Color, 2nd ed., OSA and Elsevier, Oxford.
  • 15. Fairchild M. D., 2005, “Color Appearance Models”, 2nd ed., Wiley-IS and T Series in Imaging Science and Technology, Chichester, UK.
  • 16. Açıkel S.M. and Aslan A., 2016, Reduction of Yellowing Effect on Leathers with UV Absorber Benzophenone-4, Journal of The Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, vol:100(1), pp:31-38.
  • 17. Malea E., Boyatzis S.C., Kehagia M., 2010, “Cleaning of Tanned Leather: Testing with Infra-Red Spectroscopy and SEM-EDAX”, Multidisciplinary Conservation: A Holistic View For Historic Interiors. Rome 23-26 March.
  • 18. Falcão L., Araújo M.E.M., 2013, “Tannins characterization in historic leathers by complementary analytical techniques ATR-FTIR, UV-Vis and chemical tests”, Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol:14, pp:499-508.
  • 19. Grasel F.S., Ferrão M.F., Wolf C.F., Ligabue R.A., 2015, “Characterization of Natural Tanning Extracts by FTIR and Multivariate Analysis”, XXXIII IULTCS Congress November, 24-27th, Novo Hamburgo/Brazil.
  • 20. Ping L., Pizzi A., Guo Z.D., Brosse N., 2012, “Condensed tannins from grape pomace: characterization by FTIR and MALDI TOF and production of environment friendly wood adhesive”, Industrial Crops and Products, vol:40, pp:13-20.
  • 21. Puica N.M., Pui A., Margareta F., 2006, “Ftır Spectroscopy for The Analysis of Vegetable Tanned Ancient Leather”, European Journal of Science and Theology, vol.2(4), pp:49-53
  • 22. Hampton C., Demoin D., 2010, Vibrational Spectroscopy Tutorial: Sulfur and Phosphorus, https://faculty.missouri.edu/~glaserr/8160f10/A03_Silver.pdf.

BİTKİSEL TABAKLANMIŞ DERİLERDE TRİ BÜTİL FOSFATIN (TBP) ALEV GECİKTİRİCİ ETKİSİ

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 135 - 140, 30.06.2018

Abstract

Organo fosforlu bileşikler sınıfında yer alan Tribütil Fosfat kimyasalı; farklı materyallerde alev geciktirici etki göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada; kireçlik yarması sığır deriler Mimoza (Grup 1) ve Tara (Grup 2) olmak üzere iki çeşit bitkisel tabaklayıcı ile tabaklanmıştır ve sonrasında (0%,7%, 14%, 21%) farklı konsantrasyonlarda finisajı yapılmamış bitkisel tabaklanmış derilere TBP uygulanmıştır. Bitkisel tabaklanmış derilere alev geciktirici karışım uygulandıktan sonra örnekler standart bir finisaj reçetesi ile mamul hale getirilmiştir. TBP ile iyileştirilmiş derilerin alev geciktirici etkisi LOI testi ile tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca SEM ile derilerin morfolojik özellikleri, ATR-FTIR ile derilerin moleküler bağ karekterizasyonu ve CIE Lab Renk Analizi ile derilerin renk özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar TBP ile iyileştirilmiş bitkisel tabaklanmış derilerin iyi bir alev geciktirici etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

References

  • 1. Covington A.D., 2009, “Tanning Chemistry: The Science of Leather”, Cambridge, UK, p.384.
  • 2. Kite M. and Thomson R., 2006, “Conservation of Leather and Related Materials”, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, Oxford.
  • 3. Sykes R.L., 1991, “The Principles of Tanning, in Leather its composition and changes with time”, C. Calnan and B. Haines eds., The Leather Conservation Centre, Northampton.
  • 4. Huang Z., Li L., Chen W., 2005, “Influence of retanning on the flammability of leather”, China Leather, vol:34(3), pp:1-4.
  • 5. Huang Z., Li L., Chen W., 2006, “Influence of fatliquoring on the flammability of leather”, Journal of The Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, vol:90, pp:155-158.
  • 6. Açıkel S.M., Çelik C., Gültek A.S., Aslan A., 2017, “The Flame Retardant Effect Of Tributyl Phosphate on the Leathers”, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, vol:6(10), pp:44-48.
  • 7. Schmitt E. 2007, “Flame retardants Phosphorus-based flame retardants for thermoplastics”, Plastics Additives and Compounding, vol:9(3), pp:26–30.
  • 8. Gaan S, Sun G., Hutches K., Engelhard M.H., 2008, “Effect of nitrogen additives on flame retardant action of tributyl phosphate: Phosphorus nitrogen synergism”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol:93, pp:99-108.
  • 9. Bacardit A., Borràs M.D., Soler J., Herrero V., Jorge J., Ollé L., 2010, “Behavior of Leather as a Protective Heat Barrier andvFire Resistant Materia”, Journal American Leather Chemists Association, vol:105, pp:51-61.
  • 10. Chen W., Liu C., Gong Y., Huang Z., 2007, “Influence of tanning on the flammability of leather”, Journal of The Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, vol:91, pp:159-161.
  • 11. Donmez K., Kallenberger W.E., 1992, “Flame Resistance of Leather”, Journal- American Leather Chemists Association, vol: 87, pp:1-19.
  • 12. ASTM D 2863-77, 2006, “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)”.
  • 13. Mclaren K., 1976, The Development of the CIE 1976 (L* a* b*) Uniform Colour Space and Colour‐difference Formula, Coloration Technology, vol: 92(9), 338-341.
  • 14. Brainard D. H., in: Shevell S. K. (Ed.), 2003, “Color Appearance and Color Difference Specification”, The Science of Color, 2nd ed., OSA and Elsevier, Oxford.
  • 15. Fairchild M. D., 2005, “Color Appearance Models”, 2nd ed., Wiley-IS and T Series in Imaging Science and Technology, Chichester, UK.
  • 16. Açıkel S.M. and Aslan A., 2016, Reduction of Yellowing Effect on Leathers with UV Absorber Benzophenone-4, Journal of The Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, vol:100(1), pp:31-38.
  • 17. Malea E., Boyatzis S.C., Kehagia M., 2010, “Cleaning of Tanned Leather: Testing with Infra-Red Spectroscopy and SEM-EDAX”, Multidisciplinary Conservation: A Holistic View For Historic Interiors. Rome 23-26 March.
  • 18. Falcão L., Araújo M.E.M., 2013, “Tannins characterization in historic leathers by complementary analytical techniques ATR-FTIR, UV-Vis and chemical tests”, Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol:14, pp:499-508.
  • 19. Grasel F.S., Ferrão M.F., Wolf C.F., Ligabue R.A., 2015, “Characterization of Natural Tanning Extracts by FTIR and Multivariate Analysis”, XXXIII IULTCS Congress November, 24-27th, Novo Hamburgo/Brazil.
  • 20. Ping L., Pizzi A., Guo Z.D., Brosse N., 2012, “Condensed tannins from grape pomace: characterization by FTIR and MALDI TOF and production of environment friendly wood adhesive”, Industrial Crops and Products, vol:40, pp:13-20.
  • 21. Puica N.M., Pui A., Margareta F., 2006, “Ftır Spectroscopy for The Analysis of Vegetable Tanned Ancient Leather”, European Journal of Science and Theology, vol.2(4), pp:49-53
  • 22. Hampton C., Demoin D., 2010, Vibrational Spectroscopy Tutorial: Sulfur and Phosphorus, https://faculty.missouri.edu/~glaserr/8160f10/A03_Silver.pdf.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Safiye Meriç Açıkel This is me

Cem Çelik This is me

Demet Gürbüz This is me

Adem Çınarlı This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2018
Submission Date February 19, 2018
Acceptance Date June 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 28 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Açıkel, S. M., Çelik, C., Gürbüz, D., Çınarlı, A. (2018). FLAME RETARDANT EFFECT OF TRI BUTYL PHOSPHATE (TBP) IN VEGETABLE TANNED LEATHERS. Textile and Apparel, 28(2), 135-140.

No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated in any forms or by any means without prior written permission of the Editorial Board. The views and opinions expressed here in the articles are those of the authors and are not the views of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and Textile and Apparel Research-Application Center.