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DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL FLAME RETARDANT IN UPHOLSTERY LEATHERS BY BORON DERIVATIVES

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 319 - 323, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.493101

Abstract

The production of flame retardant leather is significant for some leather types as aircraft and automotive upholstery leathers, and protective leathers as for motorcyclist jackets. For this reason, in this research it was aimed to modify effect of commercial flame retardant (CFR) on upholstery leathers treated with borax, boric acid and zinc borate. Control (group 1), 200 g/L CFR (group 2), 10 g/L borax + 60 g/L boric acid + 200 g/L CFR (group 3) and 10g/L zinc borate + 60 g/L boric acid + 200 g/L CFR (group 4) chemical solutions were applied to the leathers by padding finishing technique, and after the flame retardant application the leathers were finished with traditional finishing recipe. Flame retardant property of leathers was determined by vertical flammability (ISO 6941:2007) and limit oxygen index (LOI) (ASTM D 2863-77) fire resistance tests. In addition, the treated leathers were characterized by ATR-FTIR and SEM devices. According to LOI results, CFR CFR+borax+boric acid and CFR+zinc borate+boric acid treated groups of leather had 28.5%, 29.2% and 29.9% oxygen concentration respectively, while control sample had 27.0%. Flame retardant property of leathers was significantly enhanced by the effect of boron derivatives.

References

  • 1. Duan B.R. and Wang Q.J., 2012, “Influence of Flame Retardant on Leather Fatliquoring and Fire Resistance”, ICEMMA, Vol: 487, pp:748-752.
  • 2. Jiang Y., Li j., Li B., Liu H., Li Z., Li L., 2015, “Study On a Novel Multifunctional Nanocomposite As Flame Retardant of Leather”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol:115, pp:110-116.
  • 3. Donmez K. and Kallenberger W.E., 1991, “An Overview of Testing of Leather for Flame Glow Retardation”, Journal American Leather Chemists Association, Vol:86 (3), pp:93-106.
  • 4. Yang L.T., Liu Y., Wu Y.J., Deng L.L. Liu W., Ma C.P., Li L.X., 2016, “Thermal degradation kinetics of leather fibers treated with fire-retardant melamine resin”, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol:123(1), pp:413-420.
  • 5. Fabian T., 2013, “Upholstered Furniture Flammability”, Fire Hazards Manager-Corporate Research, Vol:1, pp:46.
  • 6. Huang Z., Li L.X., Wang Y.H., Lin Y.Z., Chen W.Y., 2005, “Performance of flame retardants on leather”, Journal of The Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, Vol:89(6), pp:225-231.
  • 7. Schartel B. 2010, “Phosphorus-based Flame Retardancy Mechanisms-Old Hat or a Starting Point for Future Development?”, Materials, Vol:3, pp:4710-4745.
  • 8. Schmitt E., 2007, “Flame retardants Phosphorus-based flame retardants for thermoplastics”, Plastics Additives and Compounding, Vol:9(3), pp:26–30.
  • 9. Çakal G.Ö., Göğebakan Z., Coşkun S., 2012, “Investigation of Synergistic Effect of Boron on Fire Retardancy of Cotton Fabrics”, Textile and Apparel, Vol:18 (4), pp:547−553.
  • 10. Akarslan F., 2015, “Investigation on Fire Retardancy Properties of Boric Acid Doped Textile Materials”, Acta Physica Polonica Series a, Vol:128, pp:403-405.
  • 11. Wang X., Lu C., Chen C., 2014, “Effect of Chicken-Feather Protein-Based Flame Retardant on Flame Retarding Performance of Cotton Fabric”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol:131(15), pp:40584-40592.
  • 12. Açıkel S.M., 2018, “Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical”, Sakarya University Journal of Science, Vol:22(5), pp:1-7.
  • 13. Açikel S.M., Çelik C., Gültek A.S., Aslan A., 2017, “The Flame Retardant Effect of Tributyl Phosphate 0n The Leathers”, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, Vol:6, pp:44-48.
  • 14. EN ISO 6941:2007, 2007, “Vertical-Textile Fabrics-Burning Behaviour”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 15. ASTM D 2863-77, 2006, “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)”, American Society for Testing and Materials.
  • 16. Mclaren, K., 1976, “XIII—The Development of the CIE 1976 (L* a* b*) Uniform Colour Space and Colour‐difference Formula”, Coloration Technologhy, vol:92(9), pp:338-341.
  • 17. Brainard D.H., in: Shevell S.K. (Ed.), 2003, “Color Appearance and Color Difference Specification”, The Science of Color, 2nd ed., OSA and Elsevier, Oxford.
  • 18. EN ISO 2419, 2012, “Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 19. EN ISO 2418, 2002, “Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 20. EN ISO 2589, 2016, “Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of thickness”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 21. EN ISO 3376, 2002, “Leather – Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tensile strength and percentage extension”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 22. EN ISO 3377-2, 2002, “Leather -- Physical and mechanical tests -- Determination of tear load -- Part 2: Double edge tear”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 23. Bacardit A., Borras M.D., Soler J., Herrero V., Jorge J., Olle L., 2010, “Behavior of Leather As A Protective Heat Barrier and Fire Resistant Materia”, Journal American Leather Chemists Association, Vol:105(2), pp:51-61.
  • 24. Zhang P., Xu P., Fan H., Zhang Z., Chen Y., 2018, “Phosphorus-nitrogen Flame Retardant Waterborne Polyurethane/Graphene Nanocomposite for Leather Retanning”, Journal American Leather Chemists Association, Vol:113, pp:142-150.
  • 25. Lyu B., Gao J., Ma J., Gao D., Wang H., Han X., 2016, “Nanocomposite based on erucic acid modified montmorillonite/sulfited rapeseed oil: Preparation and application in leather”, Applied Clay Science, Vol:121–122, pp:36-45.
  • 26. Açıkel S.M., Çelik C., Gürbüz D., Çınarlı A., 2018, “Flame Retardant Effect of Tri Butyl Phosphate (TBP) in Vegetable Tanned Leathers”, Textile and Apparel, Vol:28(2), pp:135-140.
  • 27. Karel G. P., Carmencita O.L., Ramos, H.J., 2012, “Plasma impregnation of wood with fire retardants”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, Vol:272, pp:365–369.
  • 28. Xie W., Zoua C., Tanga Z., Fub H., Zhua X., Kuanga J., Denga Y., 2017, “Well-crystallized borax prepared from boron-bearing tailings by sodium roasting and pressure leaching”, RSC Advances, Vol:7, pp:31042-31048.
  • 29. UNIDO, 1996, “Acceptable Quality Standards in the Leather and Footwear Industry”, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna.
Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 319 - 323, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.493101

Abstract

References

  • 1. Duan B.R. and Wang Q.J., 2012, “Influence of Flame Retardant on Leather Fatliquoring and Fire Resistance”, ICEMMA, Vol: 487, pp:748-752.
  • 2. Jiang Y., Li j., Li B., Liu H., Li Z., Li L., 2015, “Study On a Novel Multifunctional Nanocomposite As Flame Retardant of Leather”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol:115, pp:110-116.
  • 3. Donmez K. and Kallenberger W.E., 1991, “An Overview of Testing of Leather for Flame Glow Retardation”, Journal American Leather Chemists Association, Vol:86 (3), pp:93-106.
  • 4. Yang L.T., Liu Y., Wu Y.J., Deng L.L. Liu W., Ma C.P., Li L.X., 2016, “Thermal degradation kinetics of leather fibers treated with fire-retardant melamine resin”, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol:123(1), pp:413-420.
  • 5. Fabian T., 2013, “Upholstered Furniture Flammability”, Fire Hazards Manager-Corporate Research, Vol:1, pp:46.
  • 6. Huang Z., Li L.X., Wang Y.H., Lin Y.Z., Chen W.Y., 2005, “Performance of flame retardants on leather”, Journal of The Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, Vol:89(6), pp:225-231.
  • 7. Schartel B. 2010, “Phosphorus-based Flame Retardancy Mechanisms-Old Hat or a Starting Point for Future Development?”, Materials, Vol:3, pp:4710-4745.
  • 8. Schmitt E., 2007, “Flame retardants Phosphorus-based flame retardants for thermoplastics”, Plastics Additives and Compounding, Vol:9(3), pp:26–30.
  • 9. Çakal G.Ö., Göğebakan Z., Coşkun S., 2012, “Investigation of Synergistic Effect of Boron on Fire Retardancy of Cotton Fabrics”, Textile and Apparel, Vol:18 (4), pp:547−553.
  • 10. Akarslan F., 2015, “Investigation on Fire Retardancy Properties of Boric Acid Doped Textile Materials”, Acta Physica Polonica Series a, Vol:128, pp:403-405.
  • 11. Wang X., Lu C., Chen C., 2014, “Effect of Chicken-Feather Protein-Based Flame Retardant on Flame Retarding Performance of Cotton Fabric”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol:131(15), pp:40584-40592.
  • 12. Açıkel S.M., 2018, “Researching of Properties of Gained Flame Retardancy on the Upholstery Leathers by Tributyl Phosphate Chemical”, Sakarya University Journal of Science, Vol:22(5), pp:1-7.
  • 13. Açikel S.M., Çelik C., Gültek A.S., Aslan A., 2017, “The Flame Retardant Effect of Tributyl Phosphate 0n The Leathers”, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, Vol:6, pp:44-48.
  • 14. EN ISO 6941:2007, 2007, “Vertical-Textile Fabrics-Burning Behaviour”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 15. ASTM D 2863-77, 2006, “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)”, American Society for Testing and Materials.
  • 16. Mclaren, K., 1976, “XIII—The Development of the CIE 1976 (L* a* b*) Uniform Colour Space and Colour‐difference Formula”, Coloration Technologhy, vol:92(9), pp:338-341.
  • 17. Brainard D.H., in: Shevell S.K. (Ed.), 2003, “Color Appearance and Color Difference Specification”, The Science of Color, 2nd ed., OSA and Elsevier, Oxford.
  • 18. EN ISO 2419, 2012, “Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 19. EN ISO 2418, 2002, “Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 20. EN ISO 2589, 2016, “Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of thickness”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 21. EN ISO 3376, 2002, “Leather – Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tensile strength and percentage extension”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 22. EN ISO 3377-2, 2002, “Leather -- Physical and mechanical tests -- Determination of tear load -- Part 2: Double edge tear”, International Organization for Standardization.
  • 23. Bacardit A., Borras M.D., Soler J., Herrero V., Jorge J., Olle L., 2010, “Behavior of Leather As A Protective Heat Barrier and Fire Resistant Materia”, Journal American Leather Chemists Association, Vol:105(2), pp:51-61.
  • 24. Zhang P., Xu P., Fan H., Zhang Z., Chen Y., 2018, “Phosphorus-nitrogen Flame Retardant Waterborne Polyurethane/Graphene Nanocomposite for Leather Retanning”, Journal American Leather Chemists Association, Vol:113, pp:142-150.
  • 25. Lyu B., Gao J., Ma J., Gao D., Wang H., Han X., 2016, “Nanocomposite based on erucic acid modified montmorillonite/sulfited rapeseed oil: Preparation and application in leather”, Applied Clay Science, Vol:121–122, pp:36-45.
  • 26. Açıkel S.M., Çelik C., Gürbüz D., Çınarlı A., 2018, “Flame Retardant Effect of Tri Butyl Phosphate (TBP) in Vegetable Tanned Leathers”, Textile and Apparel, Vol:28(2), pp:135-140.
  • 27. Karel G. P., Carmencita O.L., Ramos, H.J., 2012, “Plasma impregnation of wood with fire retardants”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, Vol:272, pp:365–369.
  • 28. Xie W., Zoua C., Tanga Z., Fub H., Zhua X., Kuanga J., Denga Y., 2017, “Well-crystallized borax prepared from boron-bearing tailings by sodium roasting and pressure leaching”, RSC Advances, Vol:7, pp:31042-31048.
  • 29. UNIDO, 1996, “Acceptable Quality Standards in the Leather and Footwear Industry”, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Wearable Materials
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Safiye Meriç Açıkel This is me

Publication Date December 29, 2018
Submission Date July 31, 2018
Acceptance Date November 23, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 28 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Meriç Açıkel, S. (2018). DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL FLAME RETARDANT IN UPHOLSTERY LEATHERS BY BORON DERIVATIVES. Textile and Apparel, 28(4), 319-323. https://doi.org/10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.493101

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