Oligodendroglial tumors

Abstract

Oligodendroglioma is a type of infiltrating glioma composed of oligodendrocytes. This spectacular tumor consists %1-4 of all primary intracranial tumors as well as only 4-8% of all glial tumors. These tumors usually present in adulthood, but sometimes only after a long history of epilepsy. Some neoplasms with bland cytologic features grow extremely slowly, but anaplastic oligodendrogliomas behave aggresively. A variety of classifications are used for classifying the oligodendrogliomas. The is no consensus about the definition of pathologic parameters associated with survival rates. Also, to our knowledge no well defined prognosticators are in use for the oligodendrogliomas with a potential for recurrence and progression. Studies of the genetic abnormalities of oligodendrogliomas indicate that they are distinct from those of diffuse astrocytic neoplasms

Keywords

• Oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, pathology, immunohistochemistry, neuroradiology, classification, differential diagnosis, spread, treatment, prognosis

Oligodendroglial tümörler

Öz

Oligodendrogliomalar oligodendrositlerden oluşan infiltratif tümörlerdir. Bu tümörler primer intrakranyal tümörlerin % 1-4’ünü, tüm glial tümörlerin de % 4-8’lik bir grubunu oluştururlar. Genellikle erişkinlerin tümörü olan bu tümör grubundaki hastaların bir kısmında uzun yıllardan beri süregelen epilepsi öyküsü bulunur. Mikroskopik olarak sakin görünümlü hücrelerden oluşanları çok yavaş büyürken¸ anaplastik oligodendrogliomalar saldırgan bir klinik gidiş gösterirler. Oligodendrogliomaları sınıflayan farklı sınıflamalar bulunmaktadır. Sağkalım oranları ile ilişkilendirilebilecek patolojik değişkenler konusunda henüz bir uzlaşma yoktur. Bugünkü bilgilerimiz çerçevesi içinde, oligodendrogliomalarda nüks ve progresyon becerisini ön görecek belirteçler bulunmamaktadır. Genetik çalışmalarda saptanan bulgular, oligodendrogliomaların astrosit kökenli diffüz tümörlerden farklı olduğunu göstermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oligodendroglioma, anaplastik oligodendroglioma, patoloji, immünohistokimya, nöroradyoloji, sınıflamalar, ayırıcı tanı, yayılım, tedavi, prognoz

References

1. Celli P, Nafrone I, Palma L, Cantore G, Fortuna A. Cere- bral oligodendroglioma: prognostic factors and life history. Neurosurgery 1994; 35: 1018-1035.
2. Mclendon RE, Enterline DS, Tien RD, Thorstad WL, Bruner JM. Tumors of Central Neuroepithelial Origin. In: Bigner DD, Mclendon RE, Bruner JM (editors). Russell and Rubinstein's Pathology of Tumors of The Nervous System. Sixth ed., Oxford University Press.Inc., New York: 1998; 370-3
3. Chin HW, Hazel JJ, Kim TH, Webster JH. Oligoden- drogliomas I. A clinical study of cerebral oligoden-drog- liomas. Cancer 1980; 45: 1458-1466.
4. Mark SJ, Lindegaard KF, Halvorsen TB, Lehmann EH, Solgaard T, Hatlevoll R, Harvei S, Ganz J. Oligoden- droglioma: incidence and biological behavior in a defined population. J Neurosurg 1985; 63: 881-889.
5. Narita T, Kurotaki H, Hashimoto T, Ogawa Y. Congenital oligodendroglioma: a case report of a 34th-gestastional week fetus with immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. Human Pathol 1997; 28: 1213-1217.
6. Burger PC, Scheithauer BW. Tumors of Neuroglia and Choroid Plexus Epithelium. In: Burger PC, Scheithauer BW (editors). Atlas of Tumor Pathology. Tumors of the Central Nervous System, third series, fascicle 10, Washington, D.C. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1993; 107-120. 7 Parisi JE, Scheithauer BW. Glial Tumors. In: Nelson JS,
7. Parisi JE, Schochet SS (editors). Principles and Practice of Neuropathology. First ed., Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1993. pp. 153-160.
8. Ellison D, Love S, Chımelli L, Roberts GW, Harding B, Vinters VV, Love J. Section 10: Neoplasm. Chapter 36: Non Astrocytic Gliomas. First ed., Mosby, 1998.

9. David Schiffer. Oligodendroglioma. In: David Schiffer (editor). Brain Tumors. Second ed, Springe, 1997; 214-221.
10. Lee Ya-Yen, Tassel PV. Intracranial oligodendrogliomas: imaging findings in 35 untreated cases. AJR 1989; 152: 361-3
11. Kelly PJ, Daumas-Duport C, Scheithauer BW, Kall BA, Kispert DB. Stereotactic histologic correlations of compu- ted tomography and magnetic resonance imaging-defined abnormalities in patients with glial neoplasms. Mayo Clin Proc 1987; 62: 450-459.
12. Kelly PJ, Daumas-Duport C, Kispert DB, Kall BA, Scheithauer BW, Illig JJ. Imaging-based stereotaxic serial biopsies in untreated intracranial glial neoplasms. J Neurosurg 1987; 66: 865-874.
13. Kleihues P, Cavenee WK. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Nervous System. World Health Organiza- tion Classification of Tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Iarc Pres, Lyon, 2000; 55-69.
14. Earnest F III, Kernohan JW, Craig WM. Oligodendro- gliomas. A review of two hundred cases. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1950; 63: 964-976.
15. Kernohan JW, Maybon RF, Svien HJ, et al. Symposium on new and simplified concepts of gliomas. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1949; 24: 71-75.
16. Smith MT, Ludwig CL, Godfrey AD, Armbrustmacher VW. Grading of oligodendrogliomas. Cancer 1983; 52(11): 2107- 2
17. Kros JM, Troost D, van Eden CG, van der Werf AJM, Uylings HBM. Oligodendroglioma a comparison of two grading systems. Cancer 1988; 61: 2251-2259.
18. Kleihues P, Burger PC, Scheithauer BW. Histological Typing of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. WHO International Histological Classification of Tumors, 1993.
19. Shaw EG, Scheithauer BW, O'Fallon JR, Tazelaar HD, Davis HD. Oligodendrogliomas: the Mayo Clinic experience. J Neurosurg 1992; 76: 428-434.
20. David R Hinton. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry of The Nervous System. In: Clive R Taylor, Richard J Cote editor. Immunomicroscopy: A Diagnostic Tool for the Surgical Pathologist. Second ed., WB Saunders Company, 1994.
21. Riemenschneider MJ, Büschges R, Wolter M, Reifen-berger J, Boström J, Kraus JA, Schlegel U, Reifenberger G. Amplification and overexpression of the mdm4 (mdmx) gene from 1q32 in a subset of malignant gliomas without TP53 mutation or mdm2 amplification. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 6091-6096.
22. Fortin D, Cairncross GJ, Hammond RR. Oligodendro- glioma: an appraisal of recent data pertaining to diagnosis and treatment. Neurosurgery 1999; 45: 1279-1291.
23. Shaw EG, Scheithauer BW, O'Fallon JR, Tazelaar HD, Davis HD. Oligodendrogliomas: the Mayo Clinic experience. J Neurosurg 1992; 76: 428-434.
24. Bullard DE, Rawlings CE, Phillips B, Cox EB, Schold SC, Burger P, Halperin EC. Oligodendroglioma an analysis of the value of radiation therapy. Cancer 1987; 60: 2179-2188.
25. Kros JM, Pieterman H, van Eden CG, Avezaat CJJ. Oligodendroglioma. Neurosurgery 1994; 34: 959-966.
26. Nijjar TS, Simpson WJ, Gadalla T, Cartney M. Oligo- dendroglioma The Princess Margaret Hospital experience (1958-1984). Cancer 1993; 71: 4002-6.
27. Daumas-Duport C, Tucker ML, Cervera P, Beuvon F, Varlet P, Udo N, Koziak M, Chodkiewicz JP. Oligodendrogliomas. Part II: a new grading system based on morphological and imaging criteria. J Neuro-Oncol 1997; 34: 61-59.