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Ultrastructural examination of the effects of malathion on kidney: An experimental study

Year 2005, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 51 - 57, 01.08.2005

Abstract

Introduction and purpose: Malathion is an insectisid widely used in agriculture in our daily life for killing insects. On behalf of its benefits, it has harmful and toxic effects on ecosystems, and on human. In our study we aimed to evaluate whether the disorders in kidney caused by malathion intoxication are related to the cellular damages light microscopically and electron micro-scopically. Materials and methods: 28 Balb-c mice were used. The mice were grouped as; control (n: 7), LD50 (n: 7), LD50/2 (n: 7), LD50/4 (n:7) respectively. The mice were given malathion orally at LD50, LD50/2, LD50/4 doses. 24 hours later, kidneys were harvested and after routine histological procedures kidney tissue cross sections were evaluated by light microscope and electron microscope. Results: Especially perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrations, erythrocyte clusters in tubule lumens,thyroidisations of tubules and interstitial erythrocyte extravasations were seen at the histological sections of the kidneys taken from the malathion given groups. Electron microscopically, irregularity of the glomeruler basement membrane and mesengial hypertrophy were found. When the results of the control group and the malathion given groups compared, it was found statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: We think that the systemic symptoms seen in organophosphate intoxications may be related to the cellular damage in involved organs

References

  • Vural N. Toksikoloji. Ankara: Hacettepe Yayın Birliği, 1984; 206-2
  • Goldfrank LR. Toxicologic Emergencıes. Newyork: Appleton&Lange, 1994; 1105-1115.
  • Berkan D. Akut Zehirlenmeler ve Sağaltımı. Bornova: Bilgehan Matbaası, 1982; 176-178.
  • Ellenhorn MJ, Schonwald S, Ordog G, et all. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicolgy; Diagnosis and Treatment of Human poisoning. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1997; 1614-1630.
  • Drury RAB, Wallington EA, Cameron SR. Carletton's Histological Technique, Fourth Edition. Newyork: Oxford University Press. 1967; 52-153.
  • Bancroft JD, Stevens A, Turner DR. Theory and Practise of Histological Technigues. Edinburg: Churchill. Livingstone 1990; 21-80.
  • Kayaalp SO. Tıbbi Farmakoloji. Ankara: Feryal Matbaası, 1993; 2290-2303.
  • Kaloyanova F. Toxıcology of Pesticides. European cooperation on Enviromentul Health Aspeces of the Control Chemicals- Interim Document 9, Sofia: Bulgaria, 1981; 133-144.
  • Martin RJC, Yelamos RF, Laynez BF, et all. Poisoning caused by organophosphate insecticides. Study of 506 cases. Rev Clin Esp 1996; 196(3): 145-149.
  • Tsoukali H, Tsoungas M. Fatal human poisonings in Northern Greece: 1990-1995. Vet Hum Toxicol 1996; 38(5): 366-3
  • Isselbacher KJ, Braunwald E, Wilson J, et all. Transient diabetes insipidus complicating severe suicidal malathion poisoning 1997; 35(2): 221-222
  • Garcia RR, Soria Ml, Gimenes MP, et all. Deaths from pesticide poisoning in Spain from 1991 to 1996. Vet Hum Toxicol 1998; 40(3): 166-168.
  • Backer ELJ, Warren M, Zack M, et all. Epidemic malathion poisoning in Pakistan malaria workers. Lancet 1978; 31-34.
  • Casey P, Vale JA, Deaths From Pesticide Poisoning İn England And Wales: 1945-1989. Hum Exp Toxicol 1994; 13(2): 95-101.
  • Emerson GM, Gray NM, Jelinek GA, et. all. Organophosphate posioning in Perth, Western Australia, 1987-1996. J Emerg Med 1999; 17(2): 273-277.
  • Vale JA. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic aspects of Sudakin DL, Mullins ME, Horowitz BZ, et all. Intermediate syndrome after malathion ingestion desp continvous infision of pralidoxine. J Toxical Clin Toxical 2000; 38(1): 47
  • Furget G. Pesticides and the Third World. J Toxicol Environ Health 1991; 32(1): 11-31.
  • Cheng Lİ, Miller TW, Jiang J. Pulmonary edema due to ingestion of organophosphate insecticide. AJR 1989; 152, 265-2
  • Cavaliere MJ, Puga FR, Calore EE, et all. Protective effect of pralidoxime on muscle fiber necrosis induced by organophosphate compounds. Clinical Toxicology 1988; 36(4): 295-300.
  • Dierickx PJ. Cytotoxicity of the MEIC reference chemicals İn rat hepatoma-derived Fa 32 cells. Toxicology 2000; 150(1-3): 159-169.
  • Lopez AC, Arenos BA, Frag A, et all. Persistent pancreatic involvement in malathion poisoning. Med Clin 1999; 112(2): 78-79.
  • Nigg HN, Knaak JB. Blood cholinesterases as human biomarkers of organophosphorus pesticide exposure. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2000;163: 99-111.
  • Bataillard A, Sannajust F, Yoccoz D, et all. Cardiovascular consequences of organophosphosphorus poisoning and of antidotes in conscious unrestrained rats. Pharmacol Toxicol 1990; 67(1): 27-35.
  • Tomilin NV, Kuznetsov VG, Mashanskii VF. Ultrastucture of neuromuscular synapses of 3 types of muscle fibers Of therat diaphragm in acute chlorophos poisoning. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol 1990; 99(9):20-25
  • Monje Argiles A, Lison D, Lauwerys R, et all. Acute poly- neuropathy after malathion poisoning. Acta Neurol Belg 1990; 90(4): 190-199. organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Toxicol Lett 1998 Dec 28; 102-103: 649-652.
  • Yavaşçaoğlu I, Kahveci ŞF, Kutlay O ve ark. Organik fosforlu insektisid entoksikasyonlarındaki hematüri etyolojisinin deneysel çalışma ile açıklanması. Uludağ Üniv Tıp Fak Derg 1993; 3: 291-293.
  • Betrosian A, Balla M, Kofiri G, et all. Multiple systems organ failure from organophosphate poisoning. Clinical Toxigology 1995; 33(3): 257-260.
  • Solhaug MJ, Bolger PM, Jose PA. The developing kidney and environmental toxins. Pediatircs. 2004; 113(4): 1084- 10
  • Gebbers JO, Lotscher M, Kobel W. Akut toxicity of pridostigmine in rats: Histoloqical findings. Arch Toxicol 1986; 58(4): 271-275.

Malathion’un böbrek üzerine etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma

Year 2005, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 51 - 57, 01.08.2005

Abstract

Giriş ve amaç: Malathion; tarımda ve günlük yaşamda böcekleri öldürmek amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılan bir insektisittir. Yararları yanında çeşitli nedenlerle insanlara ve tüm ekosisteme zararlı olabilen bu ürünün istenmeyen en önemli etkisi zehirlenmelerdir. Çalışmamızda Malathion ile zehirlenmede görülen böbrek dokusundaki bozuklukların hücresel hasara bağlı olup olmadığını ışık mikroskobik ve elektron mikroskobik olarak incelemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmamızda 28 adet Balb-c türü fare kullanıldı. Bir grup (n: 7) kontrol grubu olurken diğer 3 gruba LD50 (n: 7), LD50/2 (n: 7), LD50/4 (n: 7) dozunda malathion verildi. Deneyden 24 saat sonra böbrek dokuları alındı. Rutin histolojik takip işlemlerinden sonra elde edilen dokulara ışık mikroskobik ve elektron mikroskobik değerlendirme yapıldı. Bulgular: Malathion verdiğimiz gruplardan elde edilen böbrek dokusu incelendiğinde, özellikle damar çevresinde belirgin mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu tubulus lümenlerinde eritrosit kümeleri, tubuluslarda tiroidizasyon, intertisyumda eritrosit ekstravazasyonu gözlendi. Elektronmikroskobik incelenmesinde özellikle glomerüler bazal membran kalınlığının düzensizleştiği ve mezangial hipertofi saptandı. Malathion uygulanan gruplara ait bulgular ile kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında, sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (P<0.05). Sonuç: Organofosfat bileşikleri ile oluşan zehirlenmelerde görülen sistemik yakınmaların nedeninin ilgili organlarda oluşan hücresel hasar olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz

References

  • Vural N. Toksikoloji. Ankara: Hacettepe Yayın Birliği, 1984; 206-2
  • Goldfrank LR. Toxicologic Emergencıes. Newyork: Appleton&Lange, 1994; 1105-1115.
  • Berkan D. Akut Zehirlenmeler ve Sağaltımı. Bornova: Bilgehan Matbaası, 1982; 176-178.
  • Ellenhorn MJ, Schonwald S, Ordog G, et all. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicolgy; Diagnosis and Treatment of Human poisoning. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1997; 1614-1630.
  • Drury RAB, Wallington EA, Cameron SR. Carletton's Histological Technique, Fourth Edition. Newyork: Oxford University Press. 1967; 52-153.
  • Bancroft JD, Stevens A, Turner DR. Theory and Practise of Histological Technigues. Edinburg: Churchill. Livingstone 1990; 21-80.
  • Kayaalp SO. Tıbbi Farmakoloji. Ankara: Feryal Matbaası, 1993; 2290-2303.
  • Kaloyanova F. Toxıcology of Pesticides. European cooperation on Enviromentul Health Aspeces of the Control Chemicals- Interim Document 9, Sofia: Bulgaria, 1981; 133-144.
  • Martin RJC, Yelamos RF, Laynez BF, et all. Poisoning caused by organophosphate insecticides. Study of 506 cases. Rev Clin Esp 1996; 196(3): 145-149.
  • Tsoukali H, Tsoungas M. Fatal human poisonings in Northern Greece: 1990-1995. Vet Hum Toxicol 1996; 38(5): 366-3
  • Isselbacher KJ, Braunwald E, Wilson J, et all. Transient diabetes insipidus complicating severe suicidal malathion poisoning 1997; 35(2): 221-222
  • Garcia RR, Soria Ml, Gimenes MP, et all. Deaths from pesticide poisoning in Spain from 1991 to 1996. Vet Hum Toxicol 1998; 40(3): 166-168.
  • Backer ELJ, Warren M, Zack M, et all. Epidemic malathion poisoning in Pakistan malaria workers. Lancet 1978; 31-34.
  • Casey P, Vale JA, Deaths From Pesticide Poisoning İn England And Wales: 1945-1989. Hum Exp Toxicol 1994; 13(2): 95-101.
  • Emerson GM, Gray NM, Jelinek GA, et. all. Organophosphate posioning in Perth, Western Australia, 1987-1996. J Emerg Med 1999; 17(2): 273-277.
  • Vale JA. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic aspects of Sudakin DL, Mullins ME, Horowitz BZ, et all. Intermediate syndrome after malathion ingestion desp continvous infision of pralidoxine. J Toxical Clin Toxical 2000; 38(1): 47
  • Furget G. Pesticides and the Third World. J Toxicol Environ Health 1991; 32(1): 11-31.
  • Cheng Lİ, Miller TW, Jiang J. Pulmonary edema due to ingestion of organophosphate insecticide. AJR 1989; 152, 265-2
  • Cavaliere MJ, Puga FR, Calore EE, et all. Protective effect of pralidoxime on muscle fiber necrosis induced by organophosphate compounds. Clinical Toxicology 1988; 36(4): 295-300.
  • Dierickx PJ. Cytotoxicity of the MEIC reference chemicals İn rat hepatoma-derived Fa 32 cells. Toxicology 2000; 150(1-3): 159-169.
  • Lopez AC, Arenos BA, Frag A, et all. Persistent pancreatic involvement in malathion poisoning. Med Clin 1999; 112(2): 78-79.
  • Nigg HN, Knaak JB. Blood cholinesterases as human biomarkers of organophosphorus pesticide exposure. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2000;163: 99-111.
  • Bataillard A, Sannajust F, Yoccoz D, et all. Cardiovascular consequences of organophosphosphorus poisoning and of antidotes in conscious unrestrained rats. Pharmacol Toxicol 1990; 67(1): 27-35.
  • Tomilin NV, Kuznetsov VG, Mashanskii VF. Ultrastucture of neuromuscular synapses of 3 types of muscle fibers Of therat diaphragm in acute chlorophos poisoning. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol 1990; 99(9):20-25
  • Monje Argiles A, Lison D, Lauwerys R, et all. Acute poly- neuropathy after malathion poisoning. Acta Neurol Belg 1990; 90(4): 190-199. organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Toxicol Lett 1998 Dec 28; 102-103: 649-652.
  • Yavaşçaoğlu I, Kahveci ŞF, Kutlay O ve ark. Organik fosforlu insektisid entoksikasyonlarındaki hematüri etyolojisinin deneysel çalışma ile açıklanması. Uludağ Üniv Tıp Fak Derg 1993; 3: 291-293.
  • Betrosian A, Balla M, Kofiri G, et all. Multiple systems organ failure from organophosphate poisoning. Clinical Toxigology 1995; 33(3): 257-260.
  • Solhaug MJ, Bolger PM, Jose PA. The developing kidney and environmental toxins. Pediatircs. 2004; 113(4): 1084- 10
  • Gebbers JO, Lotscher M, Kobel W. Akut toxicity of pridostigmine in rats: Histoloqical findings. Arch Toxicol 1986; 58(4): 271-275.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

K. Tuğyan This is me

N. Tuğyan G. Erbil This is me

Z. Buldan This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2005
Published in Issue Year 2005 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tuğyan, K., Erbil, N. T. G., & Buldan, Z. (2005). Malathion’un böbrek üzerine etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma. Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi, 11(2), 51-57.
AMA Tuğyan K, Erbil NTG, Buldan Z. Malathion’un böbrek üzerine etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma. Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi. August 2005;11(2):51-57.
Chicago Tuğyan, K., N. Tuğyan G. Erbil, and Z. Buldan. “Malathion’un böbrek üzerine Etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel Incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma”. Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi 11, no. 2 (August 2005): 51-57.
EndNote Tuğyan K, Erbil NTG, Buldan Z (August 1, 2005) Malathion’un böbrek üzerine etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma. Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi 11 2 51–57.
IEEE K. Tuğyan, N. T. G. Erbil, and Z. Buldan, “Malathion’un böbrek üzerine etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma”, Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 51–57, 2005.
ISNAD Tuğyan, K. et al. “Malathion’un böbrek üzerine Etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel Incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma”. Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi 11/2 (August 2005), 51-57.
JAMA Tuğyan K, Erbil NTG, Buldan Z. Malathion’un böbrek üzerine etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma. Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi. 2005;11:51–57.
MLA Tuğyan, K. et al. “Malathion’un böbrek üzerine Etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel Incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma”. Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2005, pp. 51-57.
Vancouver Tuğyan K, Erbil NTG, Buldan Z. Malathion’un böbrek üzerine etkilerinin ultrastrüktürel incelenmesi: Deneysel çalışma. Türkiye Ekopatoloji Dergisi. 2005;11(2):51-7.