Optimization of the Tilt Angle of Solar Panels for Seven Cities in Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 181 - 189, 31.10.2024

Ayşe İnan Afrah A. J. Qali , Hıdır Düzkaya , Cengiz Taplamacıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.5152/tepes.2024.24013

https://izlik.org/JA67TJ65MG

Abstract

Türkiye occupies a crucial position in harnessing solar energy due to its solar radiation and duration of exposure to the sun. To maximize energy yield from solar power, photovoltaic panels must be inclined at an optimum angle relative to the sun’s position. This study employs the photovoltaic geographical information system program to determine monthly, seasonal, and annual optimum panel tilt angles for seven selected cities in Türkiye. By utilizing this data, adjustments can be made to the panel tilt angle to optimize energy production. This research contributes to advancing solar energy utilization in Türkiye and similar regions, facilitating sustainable energy generation. The results indicate that adjusting the panel tilt angle seasonally and monthly is more profitable compared to using the same panel tilt angle throughout the year. This profitability increases to 4.20% with seasonal adjustments and can reach up to 5.05% with monthly adjust- ments. While the seasonal and monthly adjustments of panel tilt angles have the most significant impact on Bartın, they have the most negligible impact on Kastamonu. These findings underscore the importance of location and tilt angle selection when establishing solar energy facilities to assess Türkiye’s and neighboring countries’ solar energy potential.

Keywords

Maximum energy production , optimum tilt angle , PVGIS , photovoltaic panels

References

• 1. J. Mao, Y. Wang, G. Xu, and L. Wei, “Optimization design of roof PV array topology based on MATLAB and PVsyst,” in 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics Technology (ICEEMT), Nan- jing, China, vol. 2023, 2023, pp. 845–850.
• 2. A. Ajder, A. Durusu, and İ. Nakir, “Impact of climatic conditions on PV array’s optimum tilt angle,” Eur. J. Sci. Technol., vol. 13, pp. 84–90, 2018.
• 3. Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2023. London, United Kingdom, 2023, pp. 45–49.
• 4. S. Rehman, M. A. Bader, and S. A. Al-Moallem, “Cost of solar energy generated using PV panels,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1843–1857, 2007.
• 5. N. K. Vinaya, “Electricity generation using solar power,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–5, 2013.
• 6. M. Hosenuzzaman, N. A. Rahim, J. Selvaraj, M. Hasanuzzaman, A. B. M.A. Malek, and A. Nahar, “Global prospects, progress, policies, and environmental impact of solar photovoltaic power generation,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 41, pp. 284–297, 2015.
• 7. K. A. Moharram, M. S. Abd-Elhady, H. A. Kandil, and H. El-Sherif, “Enhancing the performance of photovoltaic panels by water cool- ing,” Ain Shams Eng. J. (ASEJ), vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 869–877, 2013.
• 8. K. A. Moharram, M. S. Abd-Elhady, H. A. Kandil, and H. El-Sherif, “Influ- ence of cleaning using water and surfactants on the performance of photovoltaic panels,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 68, pp. 266–272, 2013.
• 9. M. S. Abd-Elhady, M. M. Fouad, and T. Khalil, “Improving the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels by oil coating,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 115, pp. 1–7, 2016.
• 10. A. Kerem, M. Atik, and A. Bayram, “Experimental investigation of the effect of surface cooling on photovoltaic (PV) panel system for electricity production,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 565–578, 2020.
• 11. O. D. Basak, and B. S. Sazak, “Effect of developments on a PV system efficiency,” in 2013 4th International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ISEEE), Galati, Romania, 2013, pp. 1–6.
• 12. R. Chandel, and S. S. Chandel, “Performance analysis outcome of a 19-MWp commercial solar photovoltaic plant with fixed-tilt, adjustable- tilt, and solar tracking configurations,” Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 27–48, 2022.
• 13. Ö. Gonul, A. C. Duman, B. Barutcu, and Ö. Guler, “Techno-economic analysis of PV systems with manually adjustable tilt mechanisms,” Eng. Sci. Technol. An Int. J., vol. 35, no. 101116, 2022.
• 14. M. Benghanem, and A. A. Joraid, “A multiple correlation between different solar parameters in Medina, Saudi Arabia,” Renew. Energy, vol. 32, no. 14, pp. 2424–2435, 2007.
• 15. H. Khorasanizadeh, K. Mohammadi, and A. Mostafaeipour, “Establishing a diffuse solar radiation model for determining the optimum tilt angle of solar surfaces in Tabass, Iran,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 78, pp. 805–814, 2014.
• 16. A. Kocer, S. Sevik, and A. Gundor, “Determination of solar collector optimum tilt angle for Ankara and districts,” Uludağ Univ. J. Fac. Eng., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 63–78, 2016.
• 17. A. R. Dal, “Investigation of the effect of optimum tilt angle on yield in solar energy panels,” Bilecik Seyh Edebali Univ. J. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 241–250, 2021.
• 18. European Commission (EU), “Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS),” 2020, Available: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/PVGIS.
• 19. T. Huld et al., “A power-rating model for crystalline silicon PV modules,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 95, no. 12, pp. 3359–3369, 2011.
• 20. D. D. Milosavljević, T. S. Kevkić, and S. J. Jovanović, “Review and valida- tion of photovoltaic solar simulation tools/software based on case study,” Open Phys., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 431–451, 2022.
• 21. F. Yigit, Simulation of Grid Connected 1 MW Solar Power Plant with PVsyst and Evaluation of Performance Parameters MSc. Thesis. Konya, Turkey: Necmettin Erbakan University, 2023.
• 22. “Republic of Turkey,” 2023, Decision Number 12319. Resmi Gazete, Number: 3241.
• 23. Y. V. Daus, and I. V. Yudaev, “Designing of software for determining optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels,” In, dtssehs International Conference on Education, Management and Applied Social Science (EMASS2016), Beijing, China, 2016, No. emass, pp. 306–309, 2016.
• 24. A. G. Siraki, and P. Pillay, “Study of optimum tilt angles for solar panels in different latitudes for urban applications,” Sol. Energy, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1920–1928, 2012.