Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications

Murat Akkuş; Erdem Akboy; Ali Rıfat Boynueğri

doi:10.67047/tepes.1892878

Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications

Abstract

The proliferation of low-power electric mobility vehicles, such as electric scooters, highlights the requirement for high efficiency, low thermal stress, and extended system lifetime in battery charging systems. In such applications, the performance of power electronic converters is directly dependent on the converter topology and the applied charging strategy. In this context, conventional forward and active-clamp forward DC–DC converter topologies are comparatively analyzed under constant-current (CC) and pulse current (PC) charging methods. Realistic charging conditions are obtained by utilizing a LiFePO₄ (LFP) battery model that incorporates SOC–OCV characteristics. CC and PC charging methods are applied to forward and active-clamp forward converters by using PLECS software. Simulation results demonstrate that power losses of MOSFET are reduced in active clamp forward converters by approximately 12% in CC charging and about 18% in PC charging, owing to soft-switching mechanisms. Moreover, reduction in maximum junction temperature varying from 1.37 °C to 11.67 °C is achieved, while an improvement in temperature swing values within the 15–24% range is obtained. The results reveal that the active-clamp forward topology is more advantageous in terms of service life and reliability for low-power mobility charging systems.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Electrical Energy Storage, Electrical Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Murat Akkuş ^*
0009-0000-0945-0524
Türkiye

Erdem Akboy
0000-0002-1030-9816
Türkiye

Ali Rıfat Boynueğri
0000-0003-4734-3126
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 24, 2026

Submission Date

February 19, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 6 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.67047/tepes.1892878

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA68HL39ZJ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Akkuş, M., Akboy, E., & Boynueğri, A. R. (2026). Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 6(2), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.67047/tepes.1892878

AMA

1.Akkuş M, Akboy E, Boynueğri AR. Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications. TEPES. 2026;6(2):69-78. doi:10.67047/tepes.1892878

Chicago

Akkuş, Murat, Erdem Akboy, and Ali Rıfat Boynueğri. 2026. “Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications”. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 6 (2): 69-78. https://doi.org/10.67047/tepes.1892878.

EndNote

Akkuş M, Akboy E, Boynueğri AR (June 1, 2026) Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 6 2 69–78.

IEEE

[1]M. Akkuş, E. Akboy, and A. R. Boynueğri, “Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications”, TEPES, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 69–78, June 2026, doi: 10.67047/tepes.1892878.

ISNAD

Akkuş, Murat - Akboy, Erdem - Boynueğri, Ali Rıfat. “Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications”. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 6/2 (June 1, 2026): 69-78. https://doi.org/10.67047/tepes.1892878.

JAMA

1.Akkuş M, Akboy E, Boynueğri AR. Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications. TEPES. 2026;6:69–78.

MLA

Akkuş, Murat, et al. “Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications”. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 69-78, doi:10.67047/tepes.1892878.

Vancouver

1.Murat Akkuş, Erdem Akboy, Ali Rıfat Boynueğri. Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Effects of Different Charging Methods on Forward Converters for Electric Mobility Applications. TEPES. 2026 Jun. 1;6(2):69-78. doi:10.67047/tepes.1892878