Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework with Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals

Halit Alper Tayalı; Emrah Akbulut; Birgül Küçük Çırpın; Lale Erdem Atılgan

doi:10.67047/tepes.1911904

Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework with Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals

Abstract

The integration of wind energy into power grids requires reliable and efficient decision support tools. While complex machine learning models are prevalent for wind power forecasting, their black-box nature and susceptibility to temporal overfitting can limit their operational utility. This study introduces a decision support framework for 10-minute-ahead wind power forecasting. Unlike many prior studies, the framework deliberately retains negative power values to represent turbine idle and auxiliary consumption states. It also applies strict chronological data partitioning to prevent temporal leakage. The framework further employs a novel hybrid feature engineering strategy, incorporating the residuals from the autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) model to capture latent temporal structure in the data. The proposed framework evaluates machine learning algorithms—multiple linear regression (MLR), ARIMAX, decision tree, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting. Empirical results from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) benchmark dataset indicate that the interpretable MLR model consistently outperforms complex tree-based ensemble models on unseen data. Integrating a lagged dependent variable into the MLR model further captures previously unmodeled temporal dependence, reducing the test root mean squared error by 45% (from 361.0 to 200.0) and increasing the coefficient of determination by 5%, outperforming benchmark models reported in the literature for this dataset. The findings suggest that prioritizing statistical transparency, temporal validation, and physically consistent data preprocessing leads to an operationally reliable decision support tool. The proposed framework supports grid operators in improving turbine operational planning.

Keywords

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Electrical Energy Generation (Incl. Renewables, Excl. Photovoltaics)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Halit Alper Tayalı ^*
0000-0002-2098-6482
Türkiye

Emrah Akbulut
0009-0009-1759-5198
Türkiye

Birgül Küçük Çırpın
0000-0001-9490-4518
Türkiye

Lale Erdem Atılgan
0000-0001-7697-7705
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 24, 2026

Submission Date

March 18, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 10, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 6 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.67047/tepes.1911904

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA66CR49TD

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Tayalı, H. A., Akbulut, E., Küçük Çırpın, B., & Erdem Atılgan, L. (2026). Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework with Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 6(2), 132-142. https://doi.org/10.67047/tepes.1911904

AMA

1.Tayalı HA, Akbulut E, Küçük Çırpın B, Erdem Atılgan L. Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework with Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals. TEPES. 2026;6(2):132-142. doi:10.67047/tepes.1911904

Chicago

Tayalı, Halit Alper, Emrah Akbulut, Birgül Küçük Çırpın, and Lale Erdem Atılgan. 2026. “Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework With Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals”. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 6 (2): 132-42. https://doi.org/10.67047/tepes.1911904.

EndNote

Tayalı HA, Akbulut E, Küçük Çırpın B, Erdem Atılgan L (June 1, 2026) Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework with Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 6 2 132–142.

IEEE

[1]H. A. Tayalı, E. Akbulut, B. Küçük Çırpın, and L. Erdem Atılgan, “Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework with Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals”, TEPES, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 132–142, June 2026, doi: 10.67047/tepes.1911904.

ISNAD

Tayalı, Halit Alper - Akbulut, Emrah - Küçük Çırpın, Birgül - Erdem Atılgan, Lale. “Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework With Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals”. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 6/2 (June 1, 2026): 132-142. https://doi.org/10.67047/tepes.1911904.

JAMA

1.Tayalı HA, Akbulut E, Küçük Çırpın B, Erdem Atılgan L. Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework with Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals. TEPES. 2026;6:132–142.

MLA

Tayalı, Halit Alper, et al. “Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework With Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals”. Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 132-4, doi:10.67047/tepes.1911904.

Vancouver

1.Halit Alper Tayalı, Emrah Akbulut, Birgül Küçük Çırpın, Lale Erdem Atılgan. Interpretable Machine Learning for Wind Power Forecasting: A Decision Support Framework with Hybrid ARIMAX Residuals. TEPES. 2026 Jun. 1;6(2):132-4. doi:10.67047/tepes.1911904