Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması

Year 2023, , 247 - 269, 31.01.2023

Tunç Demirtaş

https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220

Abstract

21. yüzyılda Afrika kıtası hem siyasi hem ekonomik hem de güvenlik açısından oldukça dikkat çekmektedir. Son dönemde kıtada giderek artan küresel jeopolitik rekabet bir yandan kıtanın eski sömürgeci güçlerle olan bağlarını zayıflatarak alternatifleri çoğaltırken diğer yandan küresel jeopolitik rekabetin etkisiyle Afrika ülkelerinin istikrarsızlaşması söz konusu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada küresel jeopolitik rekabetin en önemli aktörlerinden Çin ve ABD’nin Afrika politikalarını şekillendiren dinamikler ve temel parametreler belirlenerek kıtadaki öncelikleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ABD ve Çin’in Afrika’da ekonomik ve askeri uygulamalarında ekonominin ön planda olduğu ancak bunun da askeri uygulamalar ile desteklenmesi durumu da tespit edilmiştir. Ancak Çin’in Afrika’nın en büyük ticari ortağı olmasının yanında askeri olarak da varlığını ve etkisini artırma girişimlerinin ABD ve Çin arasındaki dinamikleri ve küresel dinamikleri etkileme potansiyeline de çalışmada dikkat çekilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Çin ve ABD’nin Afrika’daki çıkarlarının ve politikalarının taban tabana zıt olduğu sonucuna varılmış ve bu durumun gelecekte giderek artan bir istikrarsızlığa sebep olacağı ifade edilmiştir.

Keywords

Jeopolitik, Küresel Rekabet, Afrika, Radikalizm, Kuşak-Yol Girişimi

Africa front of Geopolitical Competition: Comparison of US and China Policies

Abstract

In the twenty-first century, the African continent has been receiving much attention politically, economically, and from a security point of view. Recently, the global geopolitical competition on the continent has been increasing, on the one hand, weakening the continent's ties with the former colonial powers, and multiplying alternatives. On the other hand, African countries are destabilized due to global geopolitical competition. This study determined the dynamics and basic parameters that shape the African policies of China and the United States, one of the most important actors of global geopolitical competition, and their priorities on the continent were examined. In addition, it has been determined that the economy is at the forefront of the economic and military applications of the United States and China in Africa, which is also supported by military applications. However, in addition to the fact that China is the largest commercial partner of Africa, the study also drew attention to the potential of attempts to increase its presence and influence militarily to influence the dynamics and global dynamics between the United States and China. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the interests and policies of China and the United States in Africa are opposed, and it was stated that this situation would cause increasing instability in the future.

Keywords

Geopolitics, Global Competition, Africa, Radicalism, Belt-Road Initiative

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