Analysis of The Changes From The Kyoto Protocol to The Paris Agreement With a Focus on Combating Climate Change Using Text Mining Method

Abstract

The Conference of the Parties, which is among the main institutions of Global Climate Governance, has a position within the UNFCCC that draws the roadmap for combating climate change. In this study, the transformation of the issues focused on in combating climate change will be analyzed by comparing the issues brought up in the Kyoto Protocol and the issues brought up in the Conference of the Parties meetings, where the Paris Agreement was adopted approximately 20 years later. Within the scope of the study, the research question of what issues were brought up in the Conference of the Parties meetings during the preparation of the Kyoto Protocol and what issues were brought up in the Conference of the Parties meetings during the preparation of the Paris Agreement was sought. The data set of the research consists of the Conference of the Parties meeting documents obtained from the UNFCCC website. The most frequently occurring word frequencies were determined from 79 official documents analyzed using the text mining method using the Python program and the transformation of the focus on combating climate change was examined periodically. According to the findings, it was determined that in the 3rd Conference of the Parties meetings, where the Kyoto Protocol was prepared, binding targets were presented to the parties by ensuring structural arrangements and institutionalization, while in the 21st Conference of the Parties meetings, where the Paris Agreement was prepared, approaches based on the improvement of financial support mechanisms, technology transfer and more voluntary participation of the parties were presented.

Keywords

• Climate Change
• Kyoto Protocol
• Paris Agreement
• Text Mining

Kyoto Protokolü’nden Paris Anlaşması’na İklim Değişikliği ile Mücadelede Yaşanan Değişimin Metin Madenciliği Yöntemiyle Analizi

Abstract

Küresel İklim Yönetişiminin başlıca kurumları arasında yer alan Taraflar Konferansı, UNFCCC bünyesinde iklim değişikliği ile mücadelenin yol haritasını çıkaran bir konuma sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Kyoto Protokolünde gündeme gelen konular ile yaklaşık 20 yıl sonra üzerinde ittifak edilen Paris Anlaşmasının kabul edildiği Taraflar Konferansı toplantılarında gündeme gelen konuları karşılaştırarak iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede odaklanılan konuların dönüşümü analiz edilecektir. Çalışma kapsamında Kyoto Protokolünün hazırlanması sürecinde Taraflar Konferansı toplantılarında gündeme gelen konular ile Paris Anlaşmasının hazırlanması sürecinde Taraflar Konferansı toplantılarında gündeme gelen konuların neler olduğu araştırma sorusuna karşılaştırmalı olarak cevap aranmıştır. Araştırmanın veri seti UNFCCC internet sitesinden elde edilen Taraflar Konferansı toplantı belgelerinden oluşmaktadır. Python programı kullanılarak metin madenciliği yöntemiyle analiz edilen 79 resmi belgeden en sık geçen kelime frekansları tespit edilerek dönemsel olarak iklim değişikliği ile mücadele odağının dönüşümü incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre iklim değişikliği ile mücadele gündemi Kyoto Protokolü’nün hazırlandığı 3. Taraflar Konferansı toplantılarında yapısal düzenlemeler ile kurumsallaşmanın sağlanmasıyla taraflara bağlayıcı hedefler sunulurken Paris Anlaşmasının hazırlandığı 21. Taraflar Konferansı toplantılarında finansal destek mekanizmalarının iyileştirilmesi, teknoloji transferi ile tarafların daha çok gönüllülüğünü esas alan yaklaşımlar sunulduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• İklim Değişikliği
• Kyoto Protokolü
• Paris Anlaşması
• Metin Madenciliği
• Küresel İklim Yönetişimi.

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