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Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 209 - 226, 09.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.979573

Abstract

Kripto para, mal ve hizmet satın almada çevrimiçi işlemleri güvence altına alan güçlü bir kriptografiye sahip hesap defteri kullanan dijital bir para birimidir Kripto para birimlerinin küresel sınırları yoktur ve kullanımları kolaydır. İşlemleri kaydetmek için bir cüzdan oluşturulur ve hemen kullanılır. Kripto para birimleri özellikle son yıllarda ön plana çıksa da tarihsel bir süreçleri bulunmaktadır. Kripto para birimleri özellikle Coronavirus (COVID-19) salgınında popülaritesini artırmıştır. Artan hacim ve güçlü piyasa kazancına rağmen Kripto para birimlerine şüphe ile yaklaşan ünlü ekonomistler de bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 11 Aralık 2017 - 31 Mart 2021 döneminde Bitcoin fiyatını etkileyen ekonomik ve finansal göstergelerin belirlenmesidir. Değişkenler düzey seviyede birim kök taşıdığından ve ilk farklarında durağan olduklarından duruma uygun olan eşbütünleşme testi tercih edilmiştir. Johansen eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında uzun dönemde 1 eş bütünleşme denkleminin var olduğu görülmüştür. Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli ise Bitcoin fiyatının kısa dönemde belirlenen ekonomik ve finansal değişkenlerden etkilenmediğini göstermektedir. Bitcoin fiyatı spekülasyona açık bir digila varlıktır.

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References

  • Adebola, S. S., Gil-Alana, L. A., & Madigu, G. (2019). Gold prices and the cryptocurrencies: Evidence of convergence and cointegration. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 523, 1227-1236.
  • Babbitt, D. & Dietz, J. (2014). Crypto-economic design: a proposed agent-based modelling effort. Swarm Fest 2014: 18th Annual Meeting on Agent-Based Modelling & Simulation. University of Notre Dame. USA. June 29 – July 1.
  • Bouoiyour, J. ve R. Selmi. (2015). What Does BitCoin Look Like? MPRA Paper No. 58091. Germany: University Library of Munich.
  • Buchholz, M., J. Delaney, J. Warren, and J. Parker. (2012). Bits and Bets, Information, Price Volatility, and Demand for BitCoin. Economics, 312.
  • Ciaian, P., Rajcaniova, M. & Kancs, D. A. (2016). The economics of BitCoin price formation. Applied Economics, 48(19), 1799-1815.
  • Chen, C., Liu, L., & Zhao, N. (2020). Fear sentiment, uncertainty, and bitcoin price dynamics: The case of COVID-19. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(10), 2298-2309.
  • Cheah, E. T., & Fry, J. (2015). Speculative bubbles in Bitcoin markets? An empirical investigation into the fundamental value of Bitcoin. Economics letters, 130, 32-36.
  • Cheung, A., Roca, E., & Su, J. J. (2015). Crypto-currency bubbles: an application of the Phillips–Shi–Yu (2013) methodology on Mt. Gox bitcoin prices. Applied Economics, 47(23), 2348-2358.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427-431.
  • Entrop, O., Frijns, B., & Seruset, M. (2020). The determinants of price discovery on bitcoin markets. Journal of Futures Markets, 40(5), 816-837.
  • Franco, P. (2014). Understanding Bitcoin: Cryptography, engineering and economics, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Glaser, F., Zimmermann, K., Haferkorn, M., Weber, M. C., & Siering, M. (2014). Bitcoin-asset or currency? revealing users' hidden intentions. Revealing Users' Hidden Intentions (April 15, 2014). ECIS.
  • Goczek, Ł. & Skliarov, I. (2019). What drives the Bitcoin price? A factor augmented error correction mechanism investigation. Applied Economics, 51(59), 6393-6410.
  • Güleç, Ö. F. (2018). Bitcoin İle Finansal Göstergeler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 18-37.
  • Haffar, A. & Le Fur, E. (2021). Structural vector error correction modelling of Bitcoin price. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 80, 170-178.
  • İçellioğlu, C. Ş. & Öztürk, M. B. E. (2018). Bitcoin ile seçili döviz kurları arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması: 2013-2017 Dönemi için Johansen testi ve Granger nedensellik testi. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, 1(109), 51-70.
  • Koçoğlu, Ş., Çevik, Y. E., & Tanrıöven, C. (2016). Bitcoin piyasalarının etkinliği, likiditesi ve oynaklığı. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 77-97.
  • Kristoufek, L. (2013). Bitcoin Meets Google Trends and Wikipedia: Quantifying the Relationship between Phenomena of the Internet Era. Scientific Reports, 3 (3415): 1–7. doi:10.1038/srep03415.
  • Kristoufek, L. (2015). What Are the Main Drivers of the Bitcoin Price? Evidence from Wavelet Coherence Analysis. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0123923. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123923.
  • Krugman, P. (2013). Adam smith hates bitcoin. 2013.URL http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/adam-smith-hates-bitcoin/
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.
  • Marr, B. (2017). A short history of bitcoin and crypto currency everyone should read. Dostupno na https://www. forbes. com/sites/bernardmarr/2017/12/06/a-short-history-ofbitcoin-and-crypto-currency-everyone-should-read.
  • Panagiotidis, T., Stengos, T., & Vravosinos, O. (2018). On the determinants of bitcoin returns: A LASSO approach. Finance Research Letters, 27, 235-240.
  • Sarıkovanlık, V., Koy, A., Akkaya, M, Yıldırım, H.H. ve Kantar, L. (2019). Finans Biliminde Ekonometri Uygulamaları. Birinci Basım. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Seys, J. (2016).The Evolution of Bitcoin Price Drivers: Moving Towards Stability? University of Ghent, Faculty of Economics and Busıness Administration.
  • Song, Y. (2016). A study of Bitcoin price's relationship with local currency exchange rate and stock market index in emerging economies using VECM. ETD Collection for Fordham University.
  • Stavroyiannis, S. (2017). Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall for the major digital currencies. arXiv preprint, arXiv:1708.09343.
  • Topaloğlu, E. E. (2019). Kripto Para Bitcoin Ve Döviz Kurları İlişkisi: Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Ve Nedensellik Analizi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(02), 367-382.
  • Van Wijk, D. (2013). What can be expected from the BitCoin. Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 18.
  • Wang, J., Xue, Y., & Liu, M. (2016). An analysis of bitcoin price based on VEC model. In 2016 International Conference on Economics and Management Innovations. Atlantis Press.
  • Yermack, D. (2013). Is Bitcoin a real currency? An economic appraisal. National Bureau of Economic Research.

Economic and Financial Factors Driving Cryptocurrency Transactions: Bitcoin Price Formation

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 209 - 226, 09.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.979573

Abstract

Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that uses a strong cryptographic ledger securing online transactions for purchasing goods and services. Cryptocurrencies have no global borders and are easy to use. A wallet is created and used immediately to save transactions. Although crypto currencies have come to the fore especially in recent years, they have a historical process. Cryptocurrencies increased their popularity especially in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. Despite the increasing volume of cryptocurrencies and strong market gain, famous economists are skeptical of these currencies. The purpose of this study is to determine the economic and financial indicators affecting the Bitcoin price between December 11, 2017 - March 31, 2021. Since the variables have unit roots in level and are stationary in their first differences, the cointegration test is suitable in the study. According to the results of the Johansen cointegration test, there is at most 1 cointegration equation among the variables in long run. Vector Error Correction Model shows that the economic and financial variables have no effect on the Bitcoin price in the short term. Bitocion is a digital asset which can be easily speculated.

Project Number

yok

References

  • Adebola, S. S., Gil-Alana, L. A., & Madigu, G. (2019). Gold prices and the cryptocurrencies: Evidence of convergence and cointegration. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 523, 1227-1236.
  • Babbitt, D. & Dietz, J. (2014). Crypto-economic design: a proposed agent-based modelling effort. Swarm Fest 2014: 18th Annual Meeting on Agent-Based Modelling & Simulation. University of Notre Dame. USA. June 29 – July 1.
  • Bouoiyour, J. ve R. Selmi. (2015). What Does BitCoin Look Like? MPRA Paper No. 58091. Germany: University Library of Munich.
  • Buchholz, M., J. Delaney, J. Warren, and J. Parker. (2012). Bits and Bets, Information, Price Volatility, and Demand for BitCoin. Economics, 312.
  • Ciaian, P., Rajcaniova, M. & Kancs, D. A. (2016). The economics of BitCoin price formation. Applied Economics, 48(19), 1799-1815.
  • Chen, C., Liu, L., & Zhao, N. (2020). Fear sentiment, uncertainty, and bitcoin price dynamics: The case of COVID-19. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(10), 2298-2309.
  • Cheah, E. T., & Fry, J. (2015). Speculative bubbles in Bitcoin markets? An empirical investigation into the fundamental value of Bitcoin. Economics letters, 130, 32-36.
  • Cheung, A., Roca, E., & Su, J. J. (2015). Crypto-currency bubbles: an application of the Phillips–Shi–Yu (2013) methodology on Mt. Gox bitcoin prices. Applied Economics, 47(23), 2348-2358.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427-431.
  • Entrop, O., Frijns, B., & Seruset, M. (2020). The determinants of price discovery on bitcoin markets. Journal of Futures Markets, 40(5), 816-837.
  • Franco, P. (2014). Understanding Bitcoin: Cryptography, engineering and economics, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Glaser, F., Zimmermann, K., Haferkorn, M., Weber, M. C., & Siering, M. (2014). Bitcoin-asset or currency? revealing users' hidden intentions. Revealing Users' Hidden Intentions (April 15, 2014). ECIS.
  • Goczek, Ł. & Skliarov, I. (2019). What drives the Bitcoin price? A factor augmented error correction mechanism investigation. Applied Economics, 51(59), 6393-6410.
  • Güleç, Ö. F. (2018). Bitcoin İle Finansal Göstergeler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 18-37.
  • Haffar, A. & Le Fur, E. (2021). Structural vector error correction modelling of Bitcoin price. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 80, 170-178.
  • İçellioğlu, C. Ş. & Öztürk, M. B. E. (2018). Bitcoin ile seçili döviz kurları arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması: 2013-2017 Dönemi için Johansen testi ve Granger nedensellik testi. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, 1(109), 51-70.
  • Koçoğlu, Ş., Çevik, Y. E., & Tanrıöven, C. (2016). Bitcoin piyasalarının etkinliği, likiditesi ve oynaklığı. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 77-97.
  • Kristoufek, L. (2013). Bitcoin Meets Google Trends and Wikipedia: Quantifying the Relationship between Phenomena of the Internet Era. Scientific Reports, 3 (3415): 1–7. doi:10.1038/srep03415.
  • Kristoufek, L. (2015). What Are the Main Drivers of the Bitcoin Price? Evidence from Wavelet Coherence Analysis. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0123923. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123923.
  • Krugman, P. (2013). Adam smith hates bitcoin. 2013.URL http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/adam-smith-hates-bitcoin/
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.
  • Marr, B. (2017). A short history of bitcoin and crypto currency everyone should read. Dostupno na https://www. forbes. com/sites/bernardmarr/2017/12/06/a-short-history-ofbitcoin-and-crypto-currency-everyone-should-read.
  • Panagiotidis, T., Stengos, T., & Vravosinos, O. (2018). On the determinants of bitcoin returns: A LASSO approach. Finance Research Letters, 27, 235-240.
  • Sarıkovanlık, V., Koy, A., Akkaya, M, Yıldırım, H.H. ve Kantar, L. (2019). Finans Biliminde Ekonometri Uygulamaları. Birinci Basım. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Seys, J. (2016).The Evolution of Bitcoin Price Drivers: Moving Towards Stability? University of Ghent, Faculty of Economics and Busıness Administration.
  • Song, Y. (2016). A study of Bitcoin price's relationship with local currency exchange rate and stock market index in emerging economies using VECM. ETD Collection for Fordham University.
  • Stavroyiannis, S. (2017). Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall for the major digital currencies. arXiv preprint, arXiv:1708.09343.
  • Topaloğlu, E. E. (2019). Kripto Para Bitcoin Ve Döviz Kurları İlişkisi: Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Ve Nedensellik Analizi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(02), 367-382.
  • Van Wijk, D. (2013). What can be expected from the BitCoin. Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 18.
  • Wang, J., Xue, Y., & Liu, M. (2016). An analysis of bitcoin price based on VEC model. In 2016 International Conference on Economics and Management Innovations. Atlantis Press.
  • Yermack, D. (2013). Is Bitcoin a real currency? An economic appraisal. National Bureau of Economic Research.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Akkaya 0000-0002-7071-8662

Project Number yok
Publication Date February 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akkaya, M. (2022). Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, 9(1), 209-226. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.979573
AMA Akkaya M. Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. February 2022;9(1):209-226. doi:10.30626/tesamakademi.979573
Chicago Akkaya, Murat. “Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik Ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 9, no. 1 (February 2022): 209-26. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.979573.
EndNote Akkaya M (February 1, 2022) Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 9 1 209–226.
IEEE M. Akkaya, “Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu”, TESAM Akademi Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 209–226, 2022, doi: 10.30626/tesamakademi.979573.
ISNAD Akkaya, Murat. “Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik Ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 9/1 (February 2022), 209-226. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.979573.
JAMA Akkaya M. Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2022;9:209–226.
MLA Akkaya, Murat. “Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik Ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, 2022, pp. 209-26, doi:10.30626/tesamakademi.979573.
Vancouver Akkaya M. Kripto Para İşlemlerini Yönlendiren Ekonomik ve Finansal Faktörler: Bitcoin Fiyat Oluşumu. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2022;9(1):209-26.