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Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 247 - 269, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220

Abstract

21. yüzyılda Afrika kıtası hem siyasi hem ekonomik hem de güvenlik açısından oldukça dikkat çekmektedir. Son dönemde kıtada giderek artan küresel jeopolitik rekabet bir yandan kıtanın eski sömürgeci güçlerle olan bağlarını zayıflatarak alternatifleri çoğaltırken diğer yandan küresel jeopolitik rekabetin etkisiyle Afrika ülkelerinin istikrarsızlaşması söz konusu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada küresel jeopolitik rekabetin en önemli aktörlerinden Çin ve ABD’nin Afrika politikalarını şekillendiren dinamikler ve temel parametreler belirlenerek kıtadaki öncelikleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ABD ve Çin’in Afrika’da ekonomik ve askeri uygulamalarında ekonominin ön planda olduğu ancak bunun da askeri uygulamalar ile desteklenmesi durumu da tespit edilmiştir. Ancak Çin’in Afrika’nın en büyük ticari ortağı olmasının yanında askeri olarak da varlığını ve etkisini artırma girişimlerinin ABD ve Çin arasındaki dinamikleri ve küresel dinamikleri etkileme potansiyeline de çalışmada dikkat çekilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Çin ve ABD’nin Afrika’daki çıkarlarının ve politikalarının taban tabana zıt olduğu sonucuna varılmış ve bu durumun gelecekte giderek artan bir istikrarsızlığa sebep olacağı ifade edilmiştir.

References

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  • Idris, Amir. (2021). “Why the US needs to rethink its policy in the Horn of Africa”, Department of African and African American Studies at Fordham University, New York, USA.
  • Hruby, Aubrey. (2017). Escaping China’s Shadow: Finding America’s Competitive Edge in Africa, Atlantic Council Africa Center. Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Escaping_Chinas_Shadow_web_0907.pdf.
  • Bab al-Mandab Strait. (2022). Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/yemen/bab-al-mandab.htm.
  • US Government. (2011). Boko Haram Emerging Threat to the U.S. Homeland, Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence.
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  • U.S. Department of Justice, Libyan National Found Guilty of Terrorism Charges in 2012 Attack on U.S. Facilities in Benghazi, Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/libyan-national-found-guilty-terrorism-charges-2012-attack-us-facilities-benghazi.
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  • Chinese Government Issues African Policy Paper. (2022). Erişim tarihi: 17.01.2022, https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegh//eng/xwdt/t231007.htm.
  • Abuza, Zachary. (2021). Debt-trapped: Sri Lanka, Laos, and now Uganda?, RFA, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://www.rfa.org/english/commentaries/debt-12012021140345.html.
  • Gopaldas, Ronak. (2018). Lessons from Sri Lanka on China’s ‘debt-trap diplomacy’, Institute for Security Studies.
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  • Getachew, Addis ve Aktaş, Tufan. (2018). Etiyopya ‘Afrika’nın Çin’i’ olma yolunda kararlı, AA, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/etiyopya-afrika-nin-cini-olma-yolunda-kararli/1135031.
  • Staden, Cobus van. (2022). Fears of a Chinese Naval Base in West Africa Are Overblown, Foreign Policy, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/03/china-pla-navy-base-west-africa-atlantic-equatorial-guinea/.
  • Lin, Bonny., Blanchette, Jude. Bermudez Jr., Joseph S. ve Dizolele, Phezo.(2021). Is China Building a New String of Pearls in the Atlantic Ocean?, CSIS, 2021, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://www.csis.org/analysis/china-building-new-string-pearls-atlantic-ocean.
  • Tanchum, Michaël. (2021). China’s new military base in Africa: What it means for Europe and America, European Council on Foreign Relations, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://ecfr.eu/article/chinas-new-military-base-in-africa-what-it-means-for-europe-and-america/.

Africa front of Geopolitical Competition: Comparison of US and China Policies

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 247 - 269, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220

Abstract

In the twenty-first century, the African continent has been receiving much attention politically, economically, and from a security point of view. Recently, the global geopolitical competition on the continent has been increasing, on the one hand, weakening the continent's ties with the former colonial powers, and multiplying alternatives. On the other hand, African countries are destabilized due to global geopolitical competition. This study determined the dynamics and basic parameters that shape the African policies of China and the United States, one of the most important actors of global geopolitical competition, and their priorities on the continent were examined. In addition, it has been determined that the economy is at the forefront of the economic and military applications of the United States and China in Africa, which is also supported by military applications. However, in addition to the fact that China is the largest commercial partner of Africa, the study also drew attention to the potential of attempts to increase its presence and influence militarily to influence the dynamics and global dynamics between the United States and China. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the interests and policies of China and the United States in Africa are opposed, and it was stated that this situation would cause increasing instability in the future.

References

  • Mishra, Abhishek. (2021). A new US policy on Africa: Genuine reset or same old rhetoric?, India with Africa, Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2021, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/a-new-us-policy-on-africa/.
  • Idris, Amir. (2021). “Why the US needs to rethink its policy in the Horn of Africa”, Department of African and African American Studies at Fordham University, New York, USA.
  • Hruby, Aubrey. (2017). Escaping China’s Shadow: Finding America’s Competitive Edge in Africa, Atlantic Council Africa Center. Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Escaping_Chinas_Shadow_web_0907.pdf.
  • Bab al-Mandab Strait. (2022). Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/yemen/bab-al-mandab.htm.
  • US Government. (2011). Boko Haram Emerging Threat to the U.S. Homeland, Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence.
  • Committee on Homeland Security House of Representatives. (2011). Erişim tarihi: 12.11.2021, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-112HPRT71725/pdf/CPRT-112HPRT71725.pdf.
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2022). Oil Dependence and U.S. Foreign Policy 1850 – 2021, Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2021, https://www.cfr.org/timeline/oil-dependence-and-us-foreign-policy.
  • Şaylan, Gencal. (1981). Çağdaş Siyasal Sistemler, Ankara: Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü Yayınları No:192.
  • Manuszak, Jeffrey T. (1994). The United States Army in Somalia 1992-1994, s.14., E.t. 10.11.2021, https://history.army.mil/brochures/somalia/somalia.htm#p9.
  • Maclay, Kathleen. (2016). CMES chosen for inaugural Chris Stevens Global Ambassadors program, Berkeley News, Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://news.berkeley.edu/2016/04/04/cmes-chosen-for-inaugural-chris-stevens-global-ambassadors-program/.
  • Hackett, Rosalind I.J. (2008). Nigeria: The African giant, The Round Table, 50:197. DOI: 10.1080/00358535908452221.
  • Gramer, Robbie. (2021). Blinken to Make First Trip to Africa as Biden’s Top Diplomat, Foreign Policy, Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/11/11/blinken-biden-africa-coup-crises-democracy-climate-change/.
  • Varrella, Simona. (2022). Forecasted population in Nigeria 2025-2050, Erişim tarihi: 12.11.2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1122955/forecasted-population-in-nigeria/.
  • Statista Research Department, Total value of U.S. trade in goods worldwide 2004-2020, Statista, Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/218255/total-value-of-us-trade-in-goods-worldwide-since-2004/.
  • U.S. Department of Justice, Libyan National Found Guilty of Terrorism Charges in 2012 Attack on U.S. Facilities in Benghazi, Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/libyan-national-found-guilty-terrorism-charges-2012-attack-us-facilities-benghazi.
  • United States Africa Command, Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2021, https://www.africom.mil/.
  • US Military Bases in Djibouti, Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021, https://militarybases.com/overseas/djibouti/.
  • Chinese Government Issues African Policy Paper. (2022). Erişim tarihi: 17.01.2022, https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegh//eng/xwdt/t231007.htm.
  • Abuza, Zachary. (2021). Debt-trapped: Sri Lanka, Laos, and now Uganda?, RFA, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://www.rfa.org/english/commentaries/debt-12012021140345.html.
  • Gopaldas, Ronak. (2018). Lessons from Sri Lanka on China’s ‘debt-trap diplomacy’, Institute for Security Studies.
  • ANI. (2022). China’s debt-trap diplomacy continues in Africa through Belt Road Initiative, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/chinas-debt-trap-diplomacy-continues-in-africa-through-belt-road-initiative20220118210740/.
  • Getachew, Addis ve Aktaş, Tufan. (2018). Etiyopya ‘Afrika’nın Çin’i’ olma yolunda kararlı, AA, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/etiyopya-afrika-nin-cini-olma-yolunda-kararli/1135031.
  • Staden, Cobus van. (2022). Fears of a Chinese Naval Base in West Africa Are Overblown, Foreign Policy, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/03/china-pla-navy-base-west-africa-atlantic-equatorial-guinea/.
  • Lin, Bonny., Blanchette, Jude. Bermudez Jr., Joseph S. ve Dizolele, Phezo.(2021). Is China Building a New String of Pearls in the Atlantic Ocean?, CSIS, 2021, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://www.csis.org/analysis/china-building-new-string-pearls-atlantic-ocean.
  • Tanchum, Michaël. (2021). China’s new military base in Africa: What it means for Europe and America, European Council on Foreign Relations, Erişim tarihi: 01.02.2022, https://ecfr.eu/article/chinas-new-military-base-in-africa-what-it-means-for-europe-and-america/.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tunç Demirtaş This is me 0000-0001-9267-9345

Publication Date January 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demirtaş, T. (2023). Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, 10(1), 247-269. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220
AMA Demirtaş T. Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. January 2023;10(1):247-269. doi:10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220
Chicago Demirtaş, Tunç. “Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD Ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 10, no. 1 (January 2023): 247-69. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220.
EndNote Demirtaş T (January 1, 2023) Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 10 1 247–269.
IEEE T. Demirtaş, “Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması”, TESAM Akademi Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 247–269, 2023, doi: 10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220.
ISNAD Demirtaş, Tunç. “Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD Ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 10/1 (January 2023), 247-269. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220.
JAMA Demirtaş T. Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2023;10:247–269.
MLA Demirtaş, Tunç. “Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD Ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, 2023, pp. 247-69, doi:10.30626/tesamakademi.1169220.
Vancouver Demirtaş T. Küresel Rekabetin Afrika Cephesi: ABD ve Çin Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2023;10(1):247-69.