Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life

Gamze Ekici; Şeyda Toprak Çelenay; Öznur Büyükturan

doi:10.21653/tfrd.330523

Research Article

Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life

Year 2017, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 27 - 32, 14.04.2017

Gamze Ekici , Şeyda Toprak Çelenay , Öznur Büyükturan

https://doi.org/10.21653/tfrd.330523

Abstract

Purpose: Neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and affects the quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors in terms of sleep, pain and quality of life and associated symptoms for diabetic neuropathy.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy-six individuals with diabetes mellitus were included the study, and divided into two groups randomly according to having neuropathy or not. Physical and clinical characteristics were recorded. Pain intensity, social and working life quality, and complaint of non-restorative sleep were assessed by Visual Analogue Scale. The Mann Whitney U test and independent samples t-test were used to analyze time-dependent changes. Non-time-dependent changes were analyzed by the chi-square test. Logistic regression was done for analyzing the multiple risk factors in the groups.

Results: There were not significant differences between the groups for the following characteristics: age, gender, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, type of diabetes, body mass index (p> 0.05). Duration of disease (p=0.007), pain intensity (p< 0.001), complaint of non-restorative sleep (p=0.046) were higher, social and working life quality (p= 0.038) were lower in neuropathic patients.

Discussion: Duration of disease as a potential risk factor, pain intensity, sleeping complaints and quality of life as the most complained symptoms for diabetic neuropathy should be taken into account for prevention, early detection, and appropriate treatment.

Keywords

Diabetic Neuropathy, Pain, Sleep, Quality of Life

References

1. O’Brien PD, Hur J, Robell NJ, Hayes JM, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Gender-specific differences in diabetic neuropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice. J Diabetes Complications 2016;30(1):30-7.
2. Salvotelli L, Stoico V, Perrone F, Cacciatori V, Negri C, Brangani C, et al. Prevelance of neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients and its association with other diabetes complications: The Verona Diabetic Foot Screening Program. J Diabetes Complications. 2015; 29(8):1066-70.
3. Dyck PJ, Thomas PK. Diabetic Neuropathy 2nd ed. WB Saunders: Philadelphia; 1999.
4. Feldman EL, Russell JW, Sullivan KA, Golovoy D. New insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol. 1999;12(5):553-63.
5. Schmader KE. Epidemiology and impact on quality of life of postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(6):350-4.
6. Tesfaye S, Stevens LK, Stephenson JM, Fuller JH, Plate M, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C, et al. Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its relation to glycemic control and potential risk factors. The EURODIAB IDDM complications study. Diabetologia. 1996;39(11):1377-84.
7. Ashok S, Ramu M, Deepa R, Mohan V. Prevalence of neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients attending a diabetes centre in South India. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002;50:546-50.
8. Valensi P, Giroux C, Seeboth-Ghalayini B, Attali JR. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Effects of age, duration of diabetes, glycemic control, and vascular factors. J Diabetes Complications. 1997;11(1):27-34.
9. Pop-Busui R, Lu J, Lopes N, Jones TL, BARI 2D Investigators. Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and relation to glycemic control therapies at baseline in the BARI 2D cohort. J Peripher Nerv Syst.2009;14(1):1-13.
10. Galer BS, Gianas A, Jensen MP. Painful diabetic polyneuropathy: epidemiology, pain description, and quality of life. Diabetes Res Clin Pract . 2000;47(2):123-8.
11. Sator-Katzenschlager SM, Schiesser AW, Kozek-Langenecker SA, Benetka G, Langer G, Kress HG. Does pain relief improve pain behavior and mood in chronic pain patients? Anesth Analg. 2003;97(3):791-7.
12. Becker N, Thomsen Bondegaard A, Olsen Kornelius A, Sjøgren P, Bech P, Eriksen J. Pain epidemiology and health related quality of life in chronic non-malignant pain patients referred to a Danish multidisciplinary pain center. Pain. 1997;73(3):393-400.
13. Wilson KG, Eriksson MY, D’Eon JL, Mikail SF, Emery PC. Major depression and insomnia in chronic pain. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(2):77-83.
14. Nather A, Neo SH, Chionh SB, Liew SC, Sim EY, Chew JL. Assessment of sensory neuropathy in diabetic patients without diabetic foot problems. J Diabetes Complications. 2008;22(2):126-31.
15. Hasson D, Arnetz BB. Validation and Findings Comparing VAS vs. Likert Scales for Psychosocial Measurements. Int Electron J Health Educ, 2005;8:178-192.
16. Vickers AJ. Comparison of an ordinal and a continuous outcome measure of muscle soreness. Int J Technol Assess Health Care Fall 1999;15(4):709-16.
17. Ohnhaus EE, Adler R. Methodological problems in the measurement of pain: acomparison between the verbal rating scale and the visual analogue scale. Pain. 1975;1(4):379 -84.
18. Harrell F. Regression modelling strategies with applications to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis. New York: Spinger-Varlag New York, Inc; 2001;53-85.
19. Sima AA. New insights into the metabolic and molecular basis for diabetic neuropathy. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003; 60(11):2445-64.
20. Hartemann A, Attal N, Bouhassira D, Dumont I, Gin H, Jeanne S, et al. Painful diabetic neuropathy: Diagnosis and management. Diabetes Metab. 2011;37(5):377-88.
21. Jambart S, Ammache Z, Haddad F, Younes A, Hassoun A, Abdalla K, et al. Prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Middle East region. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(2):366-77.
22. Mitchell BD, Hawthorne VM, Vinik AI. Cigarette smoking and neuropathy in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1990;13(4):434-37.
23. Christen WG, Manson JE, Bubes V, Glynnf RJ. Risk factors for progression of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sorbinil Retinopathy Trial Research Group. Am J Epidemiol . 1999;150(11):1142-51.
24. Adler AI, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, Stensel V, Forsberg RC, Smith DG. Risk factors for diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy. Results of the Seattle prospective diabetic foot study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(7):1162−7.
25. Solomon OU, Mayowa OO, Tokunbo AU, Fabian HP, Godwins OE, Adesola O. The association between Body Mass Index and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Hung Med J. 2008; 2(1): 63-8.
26. Tomic´ M, Poljicˇanin T, Pavlic´-Renar I, Metelko Z. Obesity - a risk factor for microvascular and neuropathic complications in diabetes? Diabetologia Croatica. 2003;32(2):73–8.
27. Tapp RJ, Shaw JE, de Courten MP, Dunstan DW, Welborn TA, Zimmet PZ: Aus-Diab Study Group. Foot complications in type 2 diabetes: an Australian population based study. Diabet Med. 2003;20(2):105–13.
28. Benbow SJ, Wallymahmed ME, MacFarlane IA. Pain severity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is associated with patient functioning, symptom levels of anxiety and depression, and sleep. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1998;30(4):374-85.
29. Gore M, Brandenburg NA, Dukes E, Hoffman DL, Tai KS, Stacey B. Pain severity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is associated with patient functioning, symptom levels of anxiety and depression, and sleep. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005;30(4):374-85.
30. Benbow SJ, MacFarlane IA. Painful diabetic neuropathy. Baillière’s best practice & research. Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1999;13(2):295-308.
31. Sridhar GR, Madhu K. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Prac . 1994; 23(3):183-6.

AĞRI, UYKU VE YAŞAM KALİTESİ AÇISINDAN DİYABETİK NÖROPATİ RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2017, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 27 - 32, 14.04.2017

Gamze Ekici , Şeyda Toprak Çelenay , Öznur Büyükturan

https://doi.org/10.21653/tfrd.330523

Abstract

Amaç: Nöropati, diyabetes mellitüsün en önemli komplikasyonlarından biridir ve günlük yaşamı etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı uyku, ağrı ve yaşam kalitesi ve ilişkili semptomlar aracılığıyla diabetik nöropatinin risk farktörlerini belirlemekti.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 276 diyabetes mellitüsü olan birey dahil edildi ve nöropatiye sahip olma veya olmamaya göre rastgele ikiye ayrıldı. Fiziksel ve klinik özellikler kaydedildi. Ağrı yoğunluğu, sosyal ve iş yaşamı kalitesi ve dinlendirici olmayan uyku şikâyeti Görsel Analog Skala ile değerlendirildi. Zaman bağlı değişiklikler analiz etmek için “Mann-Whitney U testi” ve “Bağımsız Örneklem T testi” kullanıldı. Ki-Kare testi ile zamana bağlı olmayan değişiklikler analiz edildi. Lojistik regresyon ise gruplar içerisinde birden fazla risk faktörünü analiz etmek için yapıldı.

Sonuçlar: Gruplar arasında takip eden parametreler için istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık bulunmadı; yaş, cinsiyet, sigara içme alışkanlığı, alkol tüketimi, diyabet tipi, beden-kütle indeksi (p>0,05). Nöropatik hastalarda hastalık süresi (p=0,007), ağrı yoğunluğu (p< 0.001), dinlendirici olmayan uykudan şikâyet (p=0.046) daha yüksek, sosyal ve iş yaşamı kalitesi (p=0.038) ise daha düşüktü.

Tartışma: Diyabetik nöropati için hastalık süresi potansiyel bir risk faktörüdür; ağrı yoğunluğu, uyku şikâyetleri ve yaşam kalitesi ise koruma, erken teşhis ve uygun tedavi için dikkate alınması gereken çok şikâyet edilen semptomlardır.

Keywords

Diyabetik Nöropati, Ağrı, Uyku, Yaşam Kalitesi

References

1. O’Brien PD, Hur J, Robell NJ, Hayes JM, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Gender-specific differences in diabetic neuropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice. J Diabetes Complications 2016;30(1):30-7.
2. Salvotelli L, Stoico V, Perrone F, Cacciatori V, Negri C, Brangani C, et al. Prevelance of neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients and its association with other diabetes complications: The Verona Diabetic Foot Screening Program. J Diabetes Complications. 2015; 29(8):1066-70.
3. Dyck PJ, Thomas PK. Diabetic Neuropathy 2nd ed. WB Saunders: Philadelphia; 1999.
4. Feldman EL, Russell JW, Sullivan KA, Golovoy D. New insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol. 1999;12(5):553-63.
5. Schmader KE. Epidemiology and impact on quality of life of postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(6):350-4.
6. Tesfaye S, Stevens LK, Stephenson JM, Fuller JH, Plate M, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C, et al. Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its relation to glycemic control and potential risk factors. The EURODIAB IDDM complications study. Diabetologia. 1996;39(11):1377-84.
7. Ashok S, Ramu M, Deepa R, Mohan V. Prevalence of neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients attending a diabetes centre in South India. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002;50:546-50.
8. Valensi P, Giroux C, Seeboth-Ghalayini B, Attali JR. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Effects of age, duration of diabetes, glycemic control, and vascular factors. J Diabetes Complications. 1997;11(1):27-34.
9. Pop-Busui R, Lu J, Lopes N, Jones TL, BARI 2D Investigators. Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and relation to glycemic control therapies at baseline in the BARI 2D cohort. J Peripher Nerv Syst.2009;14(1):1-13.
10. Galer BS, Gianas A, Jensen MP. Painful diabetic polyneuropathy: epidemiology, pain description, and quality of life. Diabetes Res Clin Pract . 2000;47(2):123-8.
11. Sator-Katzenschlager SM, Schiesser AW, Kozek-Langenecker SA, Benetka G, Langer G, Kress HG. Does pain relief improve pain behavior and mood in chronic pain patients? Anesth Analg. 2003;97(3):791-7.
12. Becker N, Thomsen Bondegaard A, Olsen Kornelius A, Sjøgren P, Bech P, Eriksen J. Pain epidemiology and health related quality of life in chronic non-malignant pain patients referred to a Danish multidisciplinary pain center. Pain. 1997;73(3):393-400.
13. Wilson KG, Eriksson MY, D’Eon JL, Mikail SF, Emery PC. Major depression and insomnia in chronic pain. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(2):77-83.
14. Nather A, Neo SH, Chionh SB, Liew SC, Sim EY, Chew JL. Assessment of sensory neuropathy in diabetic patients without diabetic foot problems. J Diabetes Complications. 2008;22(2):126-31.
15. Hasson D, Arnetz BB. Validation and Findings Comparing VAS vs. Likert Scales for Psychosocial Measurements. Int Electron J Health Educ, 2005;8:178-192.
16. Vickers AJ. Comparison of an ordinal and a continuous outcome measure of muscle soreness. Int J Technol Assess Health Care Fall 1999;15(4):709-16.
17. Ohnhaus EE, Adler R. Methodological problems in the measurement of pain: acomparison between the verbal rating scale and the visual analogue scale. Pain. 1975;1(4):379 -84.
18. Harrell F. Regression modelling strategies with applications to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis. New York: Spinger-Varlag New York, Inc; 2001;53-85.
19. Sima AA. New insights into the metabolic and molecular basis for diabetic neuropathy. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003; 60(11):2445-64.
20. Hartemann A, Attal N, Bouhassira D, Dumont I, Gin H, Jeanne S, et al. Painful diabetic neuropathy: Diagnosis and management. Diabetes Metab. 2011;37(5):377-88.
21. Jambart S, Ammache Z, Haddad F, Younes A, Hassoun A, Abdalla K, et al. Prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Middle East region. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(2):366-77.
22. Mitchell BD, Hawthorne VM, Vinik AI. Cigarette smoking and neuropathy in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1990;13(4):434-37.
23. Christen WG, Manson JE, Bubes V, Glynnf RJ. Risk factors for progression of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sorbinil Retinopathy Trial Research Group. Am J Epidemiol . 1999;150(11):1142-51.
24. Adler AI, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, Stensel V, Forsberg RC, Smith DG. Risk factors for diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy. Results of the Seattle prospective diabetic foot study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(7):1162−7.
25. Solomon OU, Mayowa OO, Tokunbo AU, Fabian HP, Godwins OE, Adesola O. The association between Body Mass Index and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Hung Med J. 2008; 2(1): 63-8.
26. Tomic´ M, Poljicˇanin T, Pavlic´-Renar I, Metelko Z. Obesity - a risk factor for microvascular and neuropathic complications in diabetes? Diabetologia Croatica. 2003;32(2):73–8.
27. Tapp RJ, Shaw JE, de Courten MP, Dunstan DW, Welborn TA, Zimmet PZ: Aus-Diab Study Group. Foot complications in type 2 diabetes: an Australian population based study. Diabet Med. 2003;20(2):105–13.
28. Benbow SJ, Wallymahmed ME, MacFarlane IA. Pain severity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is associated with patient functioning, symptom levels of anxiety and depression, and sleep. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1998;30(4):374-85.
29. Gore M, Brandenburg NA, Dukes E, Hoffman DL, Tai KS, Stacey B. Pain severity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is associated with patient functioning, symptom levels of anxiety and depression, and sleep. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005;30(4):374-85.
30. Benbow SJ, MacFarlane IA. Painful diabetic neuropathy. Baillière’s best practice & research. Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1999;13(2):295-308.
31. Sridhar GR, Madhu K. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Prac . 1994; 23(3):183-6.

There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Gamze Ekici Şeyda Toprak Çelenay Öznur Büyükturan
Publication Date	April 14, 2017
Published in Issue	Year 2017 Volume: 28 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Ekici, G., Toprak Çelenay, Ş., & Büyükturan, Ö. (2017). Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 28(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.21653/tfrd.330523
AMA	Ekici G, Toprak Çelenay Ş, Büyükturan Ö. Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. April 2017;28(1):27-32. doi:10.21653/tfrd.330523
Chicago	Ekici, Gamze, Şeyda Toprak Çelenay, and Öznur Büyükturan. “Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in Terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life”. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon 28, no. 1 (April 2017): 27-32. https://doi.org/10.21653/tfrd.330523.
EndNote	Ekici G, Toprak Çelenay Ş, Büyükturan Ö (April 1, 2017) Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon 28 1 27–32.
IEEE	G. Ekici, Ş. Toprak Çelenay, and Ö. Büyükturan, “Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life”, Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 27–32, 2017, doi: 10.21653/tfrd.330523.
ISNAD	Ekici, Gamze et al. “Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in Terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life”. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon 28/1 (April 2017), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.21653/tfrd.330523.
JAMA	Ekici G, Toprak Çelenay Ş, Büyükturan Ö. Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 2017;28:27–32.
MLA	Ekici, Gamze et al. “Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in Terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life”. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, vol. 28, no. 1, 2017, pp. 27-32, doi:10.21653/tfrd.330523.
Vancouver	Ekici G, Toprak Çelenay Ş, Büyükturan Ö. Investigation of the Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy in terms of Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 2017;28(1):27-32.

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