OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞUNDA PROBİYOTİKLERİN BİLİŞSEL FONKSİYONLARA ETKİSİ

Abstract

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), sosyal iletişim ve etkileşimde zorluklar ile birlikte sınırlı ve tekrarlayan davranış kalıplarıyla karakterize edilen karmaşık bir nörogelişimsel bozukluktur. OSB'nin etiyolojisi, genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin karmaşık etkileşimleri ile şekillenmektedir. Son yıllarda, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının OSB üzerindeki etkileri ve probiyotik takviyelerinin potansiyeli üzerine artan bir ilgi bulunmaktadır. Bağırsak-beyin ekseni, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının beyin fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkilerini açıklamakta önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, bireylerin genel sağlık durumunu etkileyen birçok bileşeni barındırır ve bu mikrobiyota, bağışıklık sistemi, metabolizma ve nörotransmitter üretimi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Probiyotikler, bağırsak sağlığını iyileştirerek, bilişsel fonksiyonları ve davranışsal semptomları olumlu yönde etkileyebilir. Yapılan araştırmalar, probiyotik takviyesinin OSB'li bireylerde gastrointestinal semptomları hafiflettiğini ve davranışsal sorunları azalttığını göstermektedir. Probiyotikler GABA, serotonin ve dopamin gibi nörotransmitterlerin üretimini destekleyerek, iltihaplanmayı azaltma potansiyeline sahiptir. Probiyotiklerin, bağırsak bariyerini güçlendirmesi ve bağırsak iltihabını azaltması, OSB'li bireylerde bilişsel fonksiyonların iyileşmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Bununla birlikte, probiyotiklerin bilişsel fonksiyonlar üzerindeki etkileri hâlâ sınırlıdır ve mevcut veriler ön sonuçlar niteliğindedir. Dolayısıyla, bu alanda daha kesin ve kapsamlı veriler elde etmek için geniş çaplı ve uzun süreli araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır. OSB'li bireylerin yaşam kalitesini artırmak için probiyotiklerin potansiyel faydalarını araştırmak, tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, probiyotiklerin kullanımı, hem bilişsel hem de davranışsal belirtilerin yönetiminde umut verici bir strateji olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Keywords

• Otizm
• Bilişsel Fonksiyon
• Mikrobiyota
• Probiyotik

EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition marked by restricted and repetitive behaviors, as well as challenges in social communication and engagement. The etiology of ASD is influenced by intricate interactions between genetic and environmental variables. The influence of gut microbiota on ASD and the possible benefits of probiotic supplements have attracted growing attention in recent years. The gut-brain axis is crucial in understanding the impact of gut microbiota on cognitive function. The gut microbiota comprises numerous elements that affect individual health and significantly impact the immune system, metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Probiotics may enhance cognitive performance and behavioral symptoms by increasing gut health. Research indicates that probiotic administration mitigates gastrointestinal symptoms and diminishes behavioral issues in individuals with ASD. Probiotics have the potential to reduce inflammation by supporting the production of neurotransmitters such as GABA, serotonin, and dopamine. Probiotics may enhance cognitive performance in persons with ASD by fortifying the intestinal barrier and diminishing intestinal inflammation. The impact of probiotics on cognitive function remains constrained, and the existing findings are preliminary. Consequently, extensive, longitudinal research are required to acquire more conclusive and thorough data in this area. Examining the possible advantages of probiotics in enhancing the quality of life for patients with ASD is essential for formulating treatment methods. The utilization of probiotics is emerging as a potential approach for addressing cognitive and behavioral problems.

Keywords

• Autism
• Cognitive Function
• Microbiota
• Probiotic

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